著者

長谷川利行画

出版者

八重洲美術店

巻号頁・発行日

1973

著者

[長谷川利行画]

出版者

便利堂

巻号頁・発行日

1962

出版者

講談社

巻号頁・発行日

1962

著者

匠秀夫小倉忠夫陰里鉄郎編著

出版者

講談社

巻号頁・発行日

1977

著者

朝日新聞社文化企画局企画第1部編

出版者

朝日新聞社

巻号頁・発行日

1991

著者

中根淑 校

出版者

金港堂

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第7巻, 1892

著者

三井 幸雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.6, pp.585-601, 1980-06-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

72

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There are two different techniques for the X-ray structure analyses of materials ; that for small molecules and that for macromolecules. The latter technique, is called"protein crystallography."The characteristics of protein crystallography as opposed to ordinary crystallography for small molecules are described. Some of the achievements of protein crystallography and their impact on other scientific fields are discussed, and perspectives for the possible contribution of protein crystallography to molecular pharmacology are given.

著者

大村 貞文 森本 繁夫 長手 尊俊 安達 孝 河野 喜郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.9, pp.593-614, 1992-09-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

7 18

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A series of O-alkylated derivatives of erythromycin (EM) has been prepared and their biological properties were evaluated. Among them, clarithromycin (CAM, 6-O-methylerythromycin) exhibits most potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities, higher acid-stability than EM and favorable pharmacokinetic properties as an antibiotic. CAM was originally synthesized via methylation of 2'-O, 3'-N-bis (benzyloxycarbonyl)-N-demethylerythromycin in low yield, because of the less selectivity of 6-O-methylation. The selective 6-O-methylation was achieved using the erythromycin 9-oxime derivative as a key intermediate. By the further investigation on the protective groups of 9-oxime and desosamine moiety, the production process of CAM on an industrial scale has been established via methylation of 2', 4"-O-bis (trimethylsilyl) erythromycin 9-[O-(1-isopropoxycyclohexyl) oxime] in more than 45% overall yield. CAM has the same antibacterial spectra as EM and is active against aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, some Gram-negative bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia. The activity of CAM against clinical isolates was 1 to 16 times higher than that of EM. The efficacies of CAM were 6 to 15 times superior to those of EM against systemic infections due to Gram-positive bacteria in mice. CAM also showed more potent therapeutic efficacies than EM against respiratory tract infections caused by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. CAM was well absorbed after oral administration, and its distribution to various tissues was significantly higher than that of EM in animals. The level of CAM in the lung was extremely high, which accounted 69 times that of EM. CAM was found to be distributed predominantly in the alveolar wall, especially in the alveolar epithelial cells, by microautoradiography. After oral administration in human, the serum level and urinary excretion of CAM were 5 and 20 times higher than those of EM, respectively. The major and active metabolite of CAM in human, (14R)-14-hydroxyclarithromycin, existed in significant quantity in the serum and urine, suggesting that the metabolite contributes to the excellent clinical efficacy of CAM. This paper describes the synthesis, structure-activity relationships, antibacterial activities, metabolism and clinical efficacies of CAM, a new macrolide antibiotic.

著者

大西 浩次 柳沢 俊史 鳥居 研一 小浜 光洋

出版者

長野工業高等専門学校

雑誌

長野工業高等専門学校紀要 (ISSN:02861909)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.87-94, 2004-06-30

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McNaught and Asher (2001) predicted the Leonids Meteor Storm in 2001 due to the 4-rev (1866 yr.) and 9-rev (1699 yr) dust trails of the Leonids. To measure the flux and magnitude distribution of very faint meteors, we performed deep imaging telescopic observations with the cooled CCD camera toward the radiant points of the Leonids. We observed the Leonids meteor storm Nov.18 UT 2001, and succeeded to separate the radiant points due to the 4-rev and 9-rev dust trails (Yanagisawa et al. 2003, Torii et al. 2003) and we also succeeded to detect the faint meteors under 10 magnitudes (Kohama et al. 2003). The flux of faint meteors increases with the population index of 2.4, and the flux was obtained as (4.2±2.1)×10^<-4>km^<-2>s^<-1>(mag≦+12). We have found no apparent cutoff of the flux at brighter than~12 magnitude. The size of meteoroid of 10th magnitude meteor is a several tenth μm. Such small meteoroids are not the meteoroids of 4-rev (1866 yr.) and 9-rev (1699 yr) dust trails, because it is considered that they cannot return around the orbit of dust trail due to the solar radiation pressure. Thus we have to consider the new physical mechanism to create such small meteoroids. To established the property of faint meteor distribution, we also performed the deep imaging telescopic observation at the duration of the Leonids 2002 and 2003. This paper describes the detailed observation circumstances of Leonids 2001, 2002, and 2003 and the preliminary result of faint meteor distribution of Leonids.

著者

大坪 健児

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.120, no.11, pp.1135-1147, 2000-11-01 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1 2

---

This review summarizes our recent findings in the syntheses of drug metabolites. The metabolites of Grepafloxacin (1) and OPC-14117 (10) were prepared from the common intermediates (5) and (21), respectively. Moreover, treatment of 10 with a model P450 system led to a benzyl alcohol derivative (11) in one step. OPC-31260 (22) was efficiently N-dealkylated using several metalloporphyrins with oxidants to afford three metabolites (23-25). In addition, I succeeded in obtaining the metabolite (23) in high yield from N-oxide (26) not only as an oxygen donor but also as a substrate, there after, in the model P450 system. Optically active metabolites of OPC-29030 (27) were prepared by enzyme-catalyzed enantioselective transesterification of racemic sulfinyl metabolites. On the other hand, a chiral 1, 1'-bi-2-naphthol derivative (38a) was found to be an efficient asymmetric acylating agent for a secondary alcohol (36) which is a valuable intermediate for preparing optically active metabolites of 22. Furthermore, metabolites (45) and (47) of OPC-21268 (44) were prepared using SmI2-induced cyclization and oxidative decarboxylation with Pb(OAc)4 as key steps, respectively.

著者

黒田 宏紀 藤田 俊郎 宮寺 彰彦 金内 徹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.8, pp.547-554, 1990-08-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 1

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Cetraxate hydrochloride (1) (antiulcer agent) can be produced by the enzymatic debenzylation of cetraxate benzyl ester hydrochloride (2). In order to use the enzymatic method as an industrial procedure, it is essential to obtain the crystal of cetraxate (3, free compound of 1) as an intermediate from the enzymatic reaction solution. Cetraxate (3) was found to have four polymorphic forms, two anhydrides (A, B) and two hydrates (dihydrate I, II). It is very important for the practical procedure that cetraxate (3) crystal forms transform from the light crystal form (dihydrate I) to the heavy one (dihydrate II) in the enzymatic reaction solution. The transformation was strongly prevented by the cetraxate related substance, tranexamic acid-cetraxate hydrochloride condonsate (TS-1). The heavy crystal forms (dihydrate II, anhydride B) are thermodynamically more stable than the light one (dihydrate I). Crystal forms of 3 are stabilized as dihydrate II in water below 29°C and as anhydride B over 29°C.

著者

保元 駿 中澤 清

出版者

日本パーソナリティ心理学会

雑誌

日本パーソナリティ心理学会発表論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, 2010

著者

木内 祐二 増田 豊 亀井 大輔 向後 麻里 中村 明弘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.2, pp.231-241, 2013-02-01 (Released:2013-02-01)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

3 4

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In Showa University School of pharmacy, 7 competencies for outcome-based education were set up in 2011. We are now creating sequential curriculum in order to achieve these competencies. As a member of team medical treatment, pharmacist must share a patient's information with other members, assess each patient's condition, propose the best medication with evidence, and also check the effect of medication. Therefore, many active practices in a hospital and community and problem-based learning (PBL) tutorials are carried out in curriculum in School of Pharmacy. As a training for the future pharmacists who positively perform primary care with responsibility in community pharmacy, students study the method of clinical assessment (assessment of condition of disease from the patient's complain, and choice of appropriate proposal). Furthermore, the exercise and training of parenteral medication, physical assessment, and first aid, etc. are also taken in the curriculums as new clinical skill. The systematic and gradual interprofessional education curriculum for the team medical education has been carried out aiming at training of active members in medical team in a hospital and community. At this symposium, I will introduce these systematic advanced curriculums for the pharmacist of a new age, and to show the usefulness and learning effect.

著者

佐藤 英治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.135, no.3, pp.345-347, 2015-03-01 (Released:2015-03-01)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1 2

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The third advanced workshop of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan for pharmaceutical teachers was held from October 12th to 14th, 2013, and participants discussed an outcome-based approach to curriculum development in pharmacy education. In this article, I report the outcome-based spiral curriculum model of group 2A, which was designed to enable pharmacy students to understand a patient's condition, and to provide a basic practical ability in medical therapy. In the curriculum, pharmacy students will learn biochemistry and functional morphology in the first and second years, skills to interview patients in the third year, pathophysiology and pharmacotherapeutics in the third and fourth years, skills to estimate patient disease from physical examination in the fourth year, and practice in understanding real patient conditions in a clinical clerkship in the fifth year. The curriculum also included learning and evaluation methods.

著者

Takashi Mano Rodney W. Stevens Kazuo Ando Makoto Kawai Kiyoshi Kawamura Kazunari Nakao Yoshiyuki Okumura Takako Okumura Minoru Sakakibara Kimitaka Miyamoto Tetsuya Tamura

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.8, pp.965-973, 2005 (Released:2005-08-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

15 20

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Structural modification of imidazole 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors for optimizing inhibitory potency, pharmacokinetic behavior and toxicity (ocular) profile led to 4-{3-[4-(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenylthio]}phenyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide (6) with no observable ocular toxicity. The orally active and safe imidazole 5-LO inhibitor 6 was selected as a clinical candidate and advanced to clinical studies. An improved synthesis of 6 is also discussed.

著者

真野 高司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.1, pp.67-72, 2013-01-01 (Released:2013-01-01)

参考文献数

6

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In order to successfully apply drug delivery systems (DDS) to new chemical entities (NCEs), collaboration between medicinal chemists and formulation scientists is critical for efficient drug discovery. Formulation scientists have to use ‘language’ that medicinal chemists understand to help promote mutual understanding, and medicinal chemists and formulation scientists have to set up strategies to use suitable DDS technologies at the discovery phase of the programmes to ensure successful transfer into the development phase. In this review, strategies of solubilisation formulation for oral delivery, inhalation delivery, nasal delivery and bioconjugation are all discussed. For example, for oral drug delivery, multiple initiatives can be proposed to improve the process to select an optimal delivery option for an NCE. From a technical perspective, formulation scientists have to explain the scope and limitations of formulations as some DDS technologies might be applicable only to limited chemical spaces. Other limitations could be the administered dose and, cost, time and resources for formulation development and manufacturing. Since DDS selection is best placed as part of lead-optimisation, formulation scientists need to be involved in discovery projects at lead selection and optimisation stages. The key to success in their collaboration is to facilitate communication between these two areas of expertise at both a strategic and scientific level. Also, it would be beneficial for medicinal chemists and formulation scientists to set common goals to improve the process of collaboration and build long term partnerships to improve DDS.

著者

上野 千鶴子 樋口 陽一

出版者

上智大学社会正義研究所

雑誌

社会正義 (ISSN:02868512)

巻号頁・発行日

no.21, pp.17-44, 2002

著者

野口 由貴 小澤 由嗣 山崎 和子 今泉 敏

出版者

日本音声言語医学会

雑誌

音声言語医学 = The Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (ISSN:00302813)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.4, pp.269-275, 2004-10-20

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 2

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対人コミュニケーションに問題をもつ児の早期発見に役立つ検査手法を開発するため, 小学生, 中学生, 成人, 計339名 (男性173名, 女性166名) を対象に, 話し言葉から相手の心を理解する能力を調べた.言語属性として辞書的意味が肯定的な短文と否定的な短文を, 感情属性として肯定的な感情と否定的な感情をもって, 女性1名が話した短文音声を刺激として, 言語課題では言語属性を, 感情課題では感情属性を判断した.その結果, 言語属性と感情属性とが一致しない皮肉音声やからかい音声に対して, 話者の発話意図つまり心を理解する能力が小学生から中学生にかけて上昇し発達するものの, 中学生になってもなお成人の能力には達しないことがわかった.この結果は, 言語属性と感情属性とを適正に分離・統合して話者の発話意図を理解する能力が, 誤信念課題などによる心の理論テストで予測される能力よりも遅く成熟するものであることを示唆する.

著者

三木 賢治

出版者

日本評論社

雑誌

法学セミナ- (ISSN:04393295)

巻号頁・発行日

no.352, pp.p34-37, 1984-04

著者

土本 武司

出版者

日本評論社

雑誌

法律時報 (ISSN:03873420)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.11, pp.p68-77, 1983-11