著者

池内 健

出版者

日本神経治療学会

雑誌

神経治療学 (ISSN:09168443)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.200-204, 2016 (Released:2016-08-10)

参考文献数

21

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in adult in Japan. In AD brain, two types of pathological findings including extracellular amyloid–β deposition and intracellular phosphorylated tau accumulation are observed. Although symptomatic therapy using choline esterase inhibitor and/or memantine are available for patients with AD, no effective disease–modifying drugs that may ameliorate natural history of AD has not currently established. AD is now recognized as one of largest unmet medical need among physicians. Thus, new therapeutic targets for drugs showing the disease modifying effect need to be explored. Epidemiological studies have shown that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a nearly two–fold increased risk of AD. Although precise mechanisms of linking T2DM and AD remains unknown, accumulating evidence suggests that insulin resistance in brain plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of AD. This review article focuses on molecular aspect and the pharmacological strategies from the view of insulin resistance occurring in AD brain.

著者

石田 正弘 陳 之立 植木 弘信 山田 武

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学会論文集 B編 (ISSN:03875016)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.590, pp.3518-3523, 1995-10-25 (Released:2008-03-28)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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To reduce the level of exhaust emissions and to improve the ignition characteristics, the effect of pilot injection on combustion was examined experimentally in a turbocharged direct-injection diesel engine, and was analyzed theoretically using a two-zone combustion model. The pilot injection effect was compared with the combustion in the injection without pilot injection and also with the effect of fuel additive as an ignition improver in two kinds of fuel : high-quality fuel having a cetane index of 57 and low-quality fuel having that of 40. It is found that the pilot injection effectively reduces ignition delay at the retarded injection timing, under the low-load condition, and in the case of low-cetane fuel. The ignition delay of the main injection is reduced to about a half of that of the injection without pilot injection by the pilot injection with the short interval between pilot and main injection. The ignition delay of the low-cetane fuel is reduced to that of the high-quality fuel by a small amount of pilot injection, or by adding 1% of the ignition improver.

著者

安中 尚史

出版者

Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies

雑誌

印度學佛教學研究 (ISSN:00194344)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.743-747, 1996-03-20 (Released:2010-03-09)

著者

小島 明子 片山(須川) 洋子

出版者

The Japanese Society of Nutrition and Dietetics

雑誌

栄養学雑誌 (ISSN:00215147)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.165-171, 1994 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

31

著者

藤谷 彰 ふじたに あきら

出版者

三重大学歴史研究会

雑誌

ふびと (ISSN:13461419)

巻号頁・発行日

no.54, pp.40-54, 2002-01

著者

Yusuke Kamiyoshihara Takuya Nakamura Yasuharu Itagaki Shinichi Asada Takashi Aoki Shinji Mizuno Keiichi Watanabe Hiroaki Inoue Akira Tateishi

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-133, (Released:2018-02-01)

被引用文献数

2

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Actinidin is a major protein contained in kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.). While uptake of actinidin is beneficial to help gastric protein digestion with cysteine protease activity, the protein is also recognized as a major elicitor of allergy which can induce tingling in the oral cavity and occasionally severe anaphylactic reactions. Given that consumption of fresh kiwifruit has increased globally, development of Actinidia cultivars with lower level of actinidin is required to reduce the risk of allergenicity. In the present study, we examined variations in the actinidin level in Actinidia varieties. Among several varieties having trace amounts of actinidin, A. chinensis ‘Kohi’ was targeted to be analyzed for the molecular basis for the phenotype. ‘Kohi’ had below the detectable transcript level of Act1a, a critical gene for actinidin level. The upstream region of Act1a in ‘Kohi’ constituted different sequences from that of A. deliciosa ‘Hayward’, which has an active promoter for high expression of Act1a. The ‘Kohi’ sequence in the diverged region (upstream from −873 b) was rich in cytosine residues methylated at a higher level than in ‘Hayward’. Our data suggest the possibility of novel epigenetic regulation to reduce the actinidin level. The molecular mechanism for the phenotype in ‘Kohi’ was differentiated from ‘Hort16A’, a globally popular cultivar with a low level of actinidin. This cultivar could be a choice as a genetic resource in breeding to develop cultivars with controlled actinidin levels.

著者

Soichiro Nishiyama Noriyuki Onoue Atsushi Kono Akihiko Sato Koichiro Ushijima Hisayo Yamane Ryutaro Tao Keizo Yonemori

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-140, (Released:2018-02-01)

被引用文献数

11

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Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is a tree crop species that originated in East Asia, consists mainly of hexaploid individuals (2n = 6x = 90) with some nonaploid individuals. One of the unique characteristics of persimmon is the continuous accumulation of proanthocyanidins (PAs) in its fruit until the middle of fruit development, resulting in a strong astringent taste even at commercial fruit maturity. Among persimmon cultivars, pollination-constant and non-astringent (PCNA) types cease PA accumulation in early fruit development and become non-astringent at commercial maturity. PCNA is an allelic trait to non-PCNA and is controlled by a single locus called the ASTRINGENCY (AST) locus. Previous segregation analyses indicated that the AST locus shows hexasomic inheritance; a recessive allele, ast, at this locus confers PCNA. Here, we report a shuttle mapping approach to delimit the AST locus region in the hexaploid persimmon genome by using D. lotus, a diploid relative of D. kaki, as a reference. A D. lotus F1 population of 333 individuals and 296 D. kaki siblings segregating for the PCNA trait were used to map the AST region using haplotype-specific markers covering the AST region. This indicated that the AST locus is syntenic to an approximately 915-kb region of the D. lotus genome. In this 915-kb region, we found several candidates for AST that were revealed from the fruit transcriptome of a population segregating for the PCNA trait. These results could provide important clues for the isolation of AST in hexaploid persimmon.

著者

吉田 卓司 松浦 均 YOSHIDA Takashi MATSUURA Hitoshi

出版者

三重大学教育学部

雑誌

三重大学教育学部研究紀要. 自然科学・人文科学・社会科学・教育科学・教育実践 = BULLETIN OF THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION MIE UNIVERSITY. Natural Science,Humanities,Social Science,Education,Educational Practice (ISSN:18802419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, pp.279-289, 2018-01-04

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本研究では、高校生の学習上の援助行動である学業的援助授与およびその抑制態度の特徴を検討した。そのために授業内での援助行動を想定し、援助要請者を親しいクラスメイトおよびそれほど親しくないクラスメイトに区別して質問紙調査を行った。その結果、高校生の学業的援助授与には、放任的援助授与、熟考的援助授与、助言的援助授与が、その抑制態度には、回答への不安、理解不足による回答困難、要請者への抵抗感、人間関係への不安、説明への不安、能力感への脅威の存在が明らかになった。さらに「動機づけ-抑制態度-援助授与」の因果モデルを構築し、検討を行った結果、熟達目標は助言的援助授与に直接、または回答困難を媒介して熟考的援助授与に、遂行接近目標は人間関係への不安を媒介して、助言的援助授与に正の影響を与えることが明らかになった。また、遂行回避目標は、人間関係への不安を除く5つの抑制態度に正の影響を与え、一方、社会的コンピテンスは、要請者への抵抗感を除く5つの抑制態度に負の影響を与えることが明らかになった。援助要請者別の因果モデルにおいては、放任的援助授与に与える影響の違いなどが確認された。

著者

Yusuke Kamiyoshihara Shinji Mizuno Mirai Azuma Fumika Miyohashi Makoto Yoshida Junko Matsuno Sho Takahashi Shin Abe Hajime Shiba Keiichi Watanabe Hiroaki Inoue Akira Tateishi

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.OKD-142, (Released:2018-01-26)

被引用文献数

1

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Avocado fruit ripen with ethylene production after harvest and the flesh becomes soft and edible due to degradation of cell wall polysaccharides during ripening. α-l-Arabinofuranosidase is a hydrolytic enzyme known to digest arabinose-containing cell wall polysaccharides. It has been shown that its activity increased with fruit ripening. However, our previous study showed that an α-l-arabinofuranosidase gene (PaArf/Xyl3A) is expressed in the avocado fruit before ethylene production. In addition, the transcripts were detected in some organs in which the level of ethylene was extremely low. These results indicate that the gene expression is independent of ethylene. In the present study, we carried out immunoblot analyses of α-l-arabinofuranosidase at the protein level. Using a polyclonal antibody raised against Japanese pear α-l-arabinofuranosidase, two α-l-arabinofuranosidase proteins with molecular masses of 72 kDa and 68 kDa, presumably belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 3, were detected in ripening avocado fruit. The protein levels in ethylene or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)-treated fruits were examined and the results indicated that the two proteins responded to ethylene in opposite ways; the 68 kDa protein showed a temporary accumulation, whereas the 72 kDa protein exhibited dissipation possibly caused by a loss of stability. The total enzyme activity of α-l-arabinofuranosidase was elevated faster in the ethylene-treated fruit throughout ripening and was slower in the 1-MCP-treated fruit, suggesting the existence of another α-l-arabinofuranosidase, which did not cross-react with the antibody and was positively regulated by ethylene, in ripening avocado fruit.

著者

Youngin Koh Jiyoung Kwahk

出版者

Japan Ergonomics Society

雑誌

人間工学 (ISSN:05494974)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.Supplement2, pp.S408-S411, 2017-06-01 (Released:2017-09-07)

被引用文献数

4

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Voice interaction between users and IT devices has become possible through voice user interface. Since VUI is based on vocabulary language, the most basic form of human communication, it lowers the entry barrier for those who experience difficulty using graphic user interface (GUI) or situations where using IoT devices with tiny screen or no screen at all. User experience can be a critical marker for the development of technology, however, few academic researchers have attempted to investigate the users' speech behavior pattern when they use VUI. Therefore, this study aims to provide insight about guidelines and design feedback for the novice users through observation in their adaption process of VUI. The author investigated speech patterns of error correction through observing ‘iPhone Siri' users who have less experience on VUI. Through the 7 days Siri usage history, the speech behavior patterns of error correction were analyzed in tone (amplitude, pitch, and duration), and in sentences (sentence elements or structure) based on the Communication Accommodation Theory. The results of this study can be summarized as follow; 1) After the first error, users change their speech tone and sentences at a similar rate, 2) but, when the second error occurred, they change sentences more, 3) the speech behavior patterns after error were different depending on the types of errors and 4) the users' speech behavior patterns were changed depending on time period of use. This study has primarily focused on variation in use behavior by observing real user experience. Through demonstrating how users respond to the situations of errors, this research has practical implications for the industry as it can positively contribute to the development of VUI voice feedback design and improve user experience on VUI.

著者

安川 健司

出版者

昭和大学

巻号頁・発行日

2001

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博士論文

著者

岡 友美子

出版者

近畿大学中央図書館

雑誌

香散見草: 近畿大学中央図書館報 = Kazamigusa (ISSN:0912991X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.9-16,

著者

吉田 真由美

出版者

近畿大学中央図書館

雑誌

香散見草: 近畿大学中央図書館報 = Kazamigusa (ISSN:0912991X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.50, pp.17-21,

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.84-84, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.82-83, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.81-81, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

天野 晃

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.80-80, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

原田 智子

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.79-79, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

手塚 美希

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.78-78, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

青木 博通

出版者

一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会

雑誌

情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.50-54, 2018-02-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

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意匠権と商標権の知的財産権における位置づけ,意匠の定義,意匠の登録要件,意匠権の範囲,商標の定義,商標の登録要件,商標権の範囲について解説し,意匠権,商標権,著作権の交錯とその調整について言及している。