著者
越川 次郎
出版者
中部大学
巻号頁・発行日
2021

終了ページ : 119
著者
宮永 孝
出版者
法政大学
雑誌
社會勞働研究 (ISSN:02874210)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.3, pp.87-115, 1997-03

Many views have been proffered as to the burial site of the English pilot major, William Adams (1564-1620) who died in the town of Hirado on the island of Kyushu.Though the exact site of his grave has yet to be ascertained, he most probably was originally laid to rest in the "Christian buriall place" (13 tattamies square), located on the southeastern hill called Tōmi oka (遠見丘).In the first decade of this century, Mr.Sango Kato (加藤三吾), local historian of Hirado and a teacher at the middle school (Yūkokan), determined that the burial grounds had been on a hillside situated behind the former home of a Mr.Kinjūro Yamagata (山県金十郎).Kato made this determination based upon the diary of Richard Cocks and his interviews with the elderly men of the area.A prior estimate as to the whereabouts of this site were made by Ludwig Riess (1861-1928), a lecturer of history at the lmperial University of Tokyo.Professor Riess' conjectures, however, were proven to be in error and thus inspired Mr.Kato to conduct his own investigation. Because of the politically-charged times of the Japanese Christian rebellion at Shimabara and to avoid the displeasure of the Tokagawa government, the feudal lord, Shigenobu Matsuura (松浦鎮信) in 1637 ordered the total destruction of the "Christian buriall place."As legend has it, the majority of the bones of the Europeans buried there were unearthed and cast away in the offshore of Hirose.Some bones, however, remained and were secretly re-interred elsewhere by the Dutch interpreter, Mitarai (御手洗).Mitarai had been a close friend of Adams and he remained close with his surviving relatives. in loyalty to his friend, Mitarai buried the remaining bones at Tōmioka and requested that his own descendants continue to perform the Mass for the Dead.Legend also has it that many bones were discovered in Tōmioka during the Kyōho period (1716-1729).Early in the Taisho period (1910s), after some bones were discovered under a group of coins arranged in the form of a Christian cross, a monument was erected on that spot.Also, from time to time over the past fifty years, several other bones have been unearthed. It was on the 10th of October in the 6th year of Showa (1931) in the corner of a field owned by the descendants of Mitarai, the Miura family, that the supposed grave site of William Adams was excavated.In attendance were : Mr.Kurata, headman's assistant ; Mr.Eguchi, an assistant police inspector, Mr.Yamaguchi, a health officer, Mr.Matsumoto, a licensed teacher at the elementary school in Hirado ; as well as some philanthropists and other researchers.What they found at the site was a cranium, a broken scapula, portions of a backbone, ribs, a thigh bone, molar teeth, as well as a fragment of an earthen vessel and a large number of rusted nails.The researchers could conclude that the body had been buried in a Western-style coffin and that the deceased was a white man of sturdy build and was more than 170 cm in height.However, it was not possible, from this evidence, to authenticate the fact that these were the bones of William Adams. Currently in Japan, there are two grave markers for William Adams.One is in the Tukayama Park (塚山公園) at Emi in Yokosuka City.This marker was placed there in the 10th year of Kansei (1798).A Yokohama merchant named James Walter (1847-1909) discovered this marker in 1874.However, when the grave was excavated on the 28th day of May in the 38th year of Meiji (1938), nothing was found within this grave.This adds further confidence to the contention that Adams died and was buried at Hirado. The second, Hirado, marker is located in Sakikata Park (崎方公園).Inscribed upon it is Miura Anjin no haka (The grave of W.Adams) and was placed there in the 29th year of Showa (1954). The remains interred there were those the loyal Miura family had dutifully guarded after the 1931 excavation. From the information available to us now, the only conclusive evidence we have is that William Adams did, indeed, pass away in Hirado.However, as to the location of his final resting place, the issue remains open.
著者
米地 文夫 Fumio Yonechi ハーナムキヤ景観研究所
出版者
岩手県立大学総合政策学会
雑誌
総合政策 = Journal of policy studies (ISSN:13446347)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.2, pp.103-118, 2012-05-01

宮沢賢治は土壌や地質の調査に地図を用い、測量も行ったので、その体験が作品に反映している。彼の代表作「銀河鉄道の夜」の天の野原に立つ無数の「三角標」の描写もその例である。この「三角標」は「測標(一時的に設けた三角測量用の木製の櫓で、当時は三角覘標と呼ばれた)」から賢治が考えた語とする解釈が一般的である。しかし1887年に参謀本部陸地測量部が刊行した文書には、地図記号の中に「三角標」の名の記号があり、現在の三角点を公的に三角標と呼んでいた時期が数年間あった。その後、公的には使われなくなったが、登山家の間では三角覘標(現在では測標と呼ばれる)を三角標と呼ぶことが多く、賢治もこの俗用の三角標の語を用い、ほかにも1911年の短歌など数作品に同様の例がある。また、銀河鉄道の沿線に立つ三角標の発想には、里程標もモデルにしたとみられる。恒星までの距離を太陽を回る軌道上の地球から、年周視差を使って半年おきに二点から恒星を観測し距離を三角測量法によって測定されていることを賢治は知っていた筈である。つまり輝く星は、地上から観測する測標(賢治の三角標)に当たり、回照器の鏡を動かし陽光にきらめかせて位置を観測者に知らせる測標に見立てたのである。「銀河鉄道の夜」のなかで列車がまず目指した白鳥座の三角標には白鳥の測量旗があると書かれているが、白鳥座61番星はこの方法で地球からの距離を測った最初の星であった。「銀河鉄道の夜」で賢治は、星座早見盤を地図に見立て、星を三角測量の測標に見立てたのであり、賢治が地図や測量に強い関心を持ち、これを発想の重要な柱としていたことが良くわかる作品なのである。Kenji Miyazawa had used maps for soil and geological research and to conduct land surveys, and these experiences were later reflected in his work. One example of this is his depiction of a myriad of sankaku-hyo (triangulation markers) placed in the field of the sky along the railroad in the novella Night on the Milky Way Railroad, one of his most prominent works. The sankaku-hyo is generally considered a term he invented based on soku-hyo, which was referred to as sankaku-tenbyo at that time and which meant a temporarily-installed wooden scaffold for triangular surveying. However, a map symbol referred to as sankaku-hyo was actually used in a document issued by the Survey Department of the General Staff Office in 1887, and the current sankaku-ten (triangulation point) was officially known as sankaku-hyo for several years. Following this, the term sankaku-hyo no longer appeared in official use, but climbers still often refer to a sankaku-tenbyo as a sankaku-hyo. Miyazawa used this popular term, sankaku-hyo, in his novella, as well as in several other works, including tanka poems he wrote in 1911. This idea of sankaku-hyo placed along the Milky Way Railroad is also considered to have been modeled after milepost. Miyazawa must have known that the distance to a fixed star is measured from two points on the Earth, as it orbits the Sun, using heliocentric parallax every six months based on the triangular surveying method. Specifically, luminous stars correspond to soku-hyo (sankaku-hyo in his work) observed from the Earth, and he likened these stars to soku-hyo that inform observers of their location when they twinkle as the mirror of the heliotrope moves. In Night on the Milky Way Railroad, Miyazawa wrote there is a swan on each of the land survey flags placed at the sankaku-hyo for the Swan. Indeed the 61st star of the Swan is the first star for which distance from the Earth was measured using this method. In Night on the Milky Way Railroad, Miyazawa likens a star plate to a map and stars to soku-hyo for triangular surveying. This work clearly suggests that the writer had a strong interest in maps and surveying and that they were the essential elements underlying his ideas.
著者
上垣外 憲一
出版者
国際日本文化研究センター
雑誌
日本研究 (ISSN:09150900)
巻号頁・発行日
no.11, pp.p41-57, 1994-09

明治日本の朝鮮との関係を論ずる場合、明治初年の征韓論はともかく明治九年の江華島条約を日本の朝鮮への侵略の第一歩として叙述する場合が多い。しかし、実際にその当時の新聞論調を読むと、むしろこの朝鮮との条約の締結を、ペリー来航時の状況に譬えて考えているものが多いことがわかる。 従って、朝鮮の頑固な排外的態度も、これを日本蔑視として糾弾する意見と同時に、かつての日本もまた同様であったではないかとして、寛容な態度でこれに臨むべきとする論調もまた少なくないのである。特に明治十五年の壬午軍乱では、多くの出版物が多種多様な論調を張った。この当時の論説では相反する意見を併記することがよく行われたが、これは対話体で、アジアに対する積極進出論者と穏健な同盟論者の意見の双方を平等に描き出した手法に対して先駆的な位置にあるものというべきである。 しかし、明治十八年の甲申政変に際しては、厳しい言論統制が行われ、日本側が、積極的にクーデターの後押しをしたという事実は全く国民には知らされなかった。以後、朝鮮に対しての情報が制限された中で、日本人の朝鮮への意見が自由に集約されるということは、国会開設という事態があったにもかかわらず、起こりえなかった。 日清戦争に際しては、戦争に熱中して日本勝利に酔い、朝鮮に対しては後進国という蔑視が目だつなかで、改革勢力としての東学党に対する評価は、自由党がわのみならず、政治的立場としては国家主義的なアジア進出を目指す東邦協会の論調においても、真摯な改革団体としての東学党を高く評価するものがある。 その東学党が日本軍、政府軍によって壊滅させられ、さらに国王のロシア公使館への避難によって、親露政権が誕生すると、これまで朝鮮の改革に深い関心をもって様々な論調を張ってきた福沢諭吉は、一切の同情心を捨てて朝鮮に対せよと説く。三国干渉において日本の憎悪の的となったロシアとの提携は、明治初年から十年代には豊かに見られた朝鮮に対する日本人の同情心に最後の打撃を与えたのである。
著者
高瀬 英彦
出版者
大阪樟蔭女子大学
雑誌
大阪樟蔭女子大学学芸学部論集 (ISSN:18807887)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, pp.247-255, 2008-01-31

十数年前、セーヌ川沿いのコンシェルジュリーのマリー・アントワネットの独房で、「ギロチン」とマリー・アントワネットが処刑前に書いた妹宛の「手紙」を見た.「マリー・アントワネットの遺言書」といわれているものだ.涙でにじんだ文字が痛々しかった.フランス革命という歴史を実感しつつ、歴史の残酷さに胸が痛くなったことを思い出す.その後、「ギロチンと手紙」はどこかへ消えた.リアルすぎて、一般の目に触れぬよう資料館に移され、保存されたようだ. 今年、ラファイエット百貨店近くの「贖罪礼拝堂」を訪れた際、その手紙が、コピーされて残っていた.そのコピーが手に入ったので記録のため、ここに再録して保存しておきたい. 手紙を読むと歴史上の女王というより、残してゆく子供たちを気遣う母親そのものの姿だ.歴史上の出来事、人物像については様々な観点から様々な見方がなされる.マリー・アントワネットについても同じで.彼女の生き方に同情もあれば非難もある.以下、本文では1)マダム・エリザベットに宛てたマリー・アントワネットの最後の手紙 (1)日本語訳 (2)直筆の手紙2)マリー・アントワネットの誕生から結婚までの概略3)国家財政の逼迫4)オーストリアへの亡命失敗と処刑の順で記録した.
著者
高橋 綾子 藤井 修平
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
2022

<p>The purposes of this study are to clarify the relationship between attitudes toward <i>Amabie</i> (folkloric mermaid -like creature) during the COVID-19 calamity and traditional values, including everyday religious activities in<b> </b>Japan, and to explore the social functions of <i>Yokai</i> (Japanese supernatural creature and phenomena). Although <i>Yokai</i> have historically had both religious and entertainment roles, recent studies have shown that contemporary <i>Yokai</i> are only seen as entertainment. In Japan, however, <i>Amabie</i> has been attracting public attention for its historic ability to repulse plagues and therefore seems to have social functions other than entertainment. Study 1 used newspaper articles and other supporting materials to investigate the social prevalence of <i>Amabie</i> and the way people relate to it. Study 2 investigated attitudes towards <i>Amabie</i> and traditional values. The results suggested that with the expectations that <i>Amabie</i> could drive the plague off, <i>Amabie</i> evoked not only positive but also negative impressions, and for that reason, it might be accepted as a <i>Yokai</i>. This showed that the function of <i>Yokai</i> may change depending on the situation. </p>