著者

島 和博

出版者

大阪市立大学

雑誌

人文研究 (ISSN:04913329)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.9, pp.577-613, 1998

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1 はじめに : まず最初に, 今年(1998年)の8月に大阪市立大学が実施した調査から得られた一つのデータを提示する。このデータは(表1)に掲げたように1998年8月時点での, 大阪市内全域における野宿生活者の「概数(人数)」と「概況(居住状況)」を「行政区別」に示したものである。……

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1939年08月19日, 1939-08-19

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1925年07月25日, 1925-07-25

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1935年10月22日, 1935-10-22

著者

早川 智 早川 純子

出版者

日本大学医学会

雑誌

日大医学雑誌 (ISSN:00290424)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.1, pp.11-13, 2021-02-01 (Released:2021-04-22)

参考文献数

11

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Exercise affects human immune functions through the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and reward systems in the brain. Most immune cells, including T cells, B cells and phagocytes, express functional hormone and neurotransmitter receptors and are regulated through the neuroendocrine immune network. Light-to-moderate exercise improves the defense activity against pathogens and prevents metabolic disorders. Many epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested there is an inverse relationship between moderate exercise training and illness risk. Furthermore, habitual exercise might improve immune regulation, reduce the activity of autoimmune disorders and delay age-related dysfunctions, such as sarcopenia. On the other hand, high-intensity exercise suppresses immune defense activity, especially against upper respiratory infections. Thus, high-intensity training and competitions possibly increase the risk of infection in athletes. Appropriate nutritional intake and hygiene control are also essential to protect both athletes and non-athletes.

著者

美濃口 武雄

出版者

日本評論社

雑誌

一橋論叢 (ISSN:00182818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.103, no.4, pp.p420-436, 1990-04

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論文タイプ||論説(特集 人と学説)

著者

堀内 元 中島 大貴 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16095, (Released:2017-08-25)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2 4

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the generation, absorption and transfer of mechanical energy during baseball batting, focusing on the lower extremities and torso. The batting motion and ground reaction forces acting on each foot of 79 amateur baseball players were recorded using a motion capture system and two force plates. The joint forces and joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. In addition, the mechanical powers as a function of each joint torque were calculated to assess the generation/absorption of mechanical energy. The mechanical powers as a function of joint forces and joint torques acting on each segment were calculated to assess the transfer of mechanical energy. The main results were as follows:  1. In the phase from contact of the stride foot to the peak lower torso rotational velocity (lower torso acceleration phase), the mechanical energy was generated and flowed into the lower torso as a function of hip joint torque.  2. In the lower torso acceleration phase, the mechanical energy flowed out from the lower torso to the upper torso as a function of torso joint torque.  3. In the phase from the peak lower torso rotational velocity to impact (swing phase), the mechanical energy was generated and flowed into the upper torso as a function of torso joint torque.  4. In the swing phase, the mechanical energy of the bat increased rapidly, and this amount of change was significantly correlated with the bat head speed at impact.  5. Though the analysis phase, the change in the mechanical energy of the torso was small.  These results suggest that both hip joints generate mechanical energy and that the torso acts as a pathway of mechanical energy during baseball batting. In addition, the transfer of mechanical energy from the torso to the upper extremities and the bat contributes to increasing the bat head speed at impact.

著者

田村 哲樹

出版者

早稻田大學政治經濟學會

雑誌

早稲田政治経済学雑誌 (ISSN:02877007)

巻号頁・発行日

no.357, pp.38-62, 2004-11

著者

Yoshiaki Kawata

出版者

Fuji Technology Press Ltd.

雑誌

Journal of Disaster Research (ISSN:18812473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.164-182, 2022-02-01 (Released:2022-02-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

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If the Nankai Megathrust Earthquake should occur, it is clear that the disaster would become a national catastrophe. To avoid the decline of Japan caused by such earthquake first of all the proactive measures, improvement of prevention, and the reactive ones, strengthening of recovery, have to be taken by means of Disaster Resilience. Looking back on the history of Japan, we can easily understand that Japan is a lucky country, because it has never experienced the disturbances of war or huge disaster leading to a collapse of the country. However, it has become obvious that if the Nankai Megathrust Earthquake should occur, it would trigger the decline of Japan. Therefore, the Ministry of Disaster Management should be established to prevent a disaster as national catastrophe and collapse of the country. For this reason the main objectives and responses of the Ministry of Disaster Management are clarified in this paper. Especially in the phases of initial response and life rebuilding making use of the experiences of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and recognizing that the Tokai Earthquake cannot be predicted, the issuance of the emergency information of the Nankai Megathrust Earthquake and its problems are discussed and summarized.

著者

Ikramy A. Khalil Mahmoud A. Younis Seigo Kimura Hideyoshi Harashima

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.4, pp.584-595, 2020-04-01 (Released:2020-04-01)

参考文献数

130

被引用文献数

4 35

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The last few years have witnessed a great advance in the development of nonviral systems for in vivo targeted delivery of nucleic acids. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most promising carriers for producing clinically approved products in the future. Compared with other systems used for nonviral gene delivery, LNPs provide several advantages including higher stability, low toxicity, and greater efficiency. Additionally, systems based on LNPs can be modified with ligands and devices for controlled biodistribution and internalization into specific cells. Efforts are ongoing to improve the efficiency of lipid-based gene vectors. These efforts depend on the appropriate design of nanocarriers as well as the development of new lipids with improved gene delivery ability. Several ionizable lipids have recently been developed and have shown dramatically improved efficiency. However, enhancing the ability of nanocarriers to target specific cells in the body remains the most difficult challenge. Systemically administered LNPs can access organs in which the capillaries are characterized by the presence of fenestrations, such as the liver and spleen. The liver has received the most attention to date, although targeted delivery to the spleen has recently emerged as a promising tool for modulating the immune system. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the use of LNPs for cell-specific targeted delivery of nucleic acids. We focus mainly on targeting liver hepatocytes and spleen immune cells as excellent targets for gene therapy. We also discuss the potential of endothelial cells as an alternate approach for targeting organs with a continuous endothelium.

著者

揚妻 祐樹

出版者

静岡県立大学短期大学部静岡言語文化学会

雑誌

言語文化研究 (ISSN:13471759)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.25-38, 2010-03

著者

光吉 淑江

出版者

北海道大学スラブ研究センター

雑誌

スラヴ研究 (ISSN:05626579)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.277-285, 1999

著者

伊藤銀月 著

出版者

日高有倫堂

巻号頁・発行日

1909

著者

Kosaku Yamama[作曲]

出版者

商品見本-非賣品

出版者

商品見本-非賣品

出版者

商品見本-非賣品

著者

Kosaku Yamada[作曲]

出版者

商品見本-非賣品

著者

Kosaku Yamama[作曲]

出版者

商品見本-非賣品

著者

中村 秀雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬理学会

雑誌

日本薬理学雑誌 (ISSN:00155691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.3, pp.219-230, 2001 (Released:2002-09-27)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

5 5

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アスピリンが世に出てから一世紀になる. この間に, アスピリンはシクロオキシゲナーゼ(COX)を阻害してプロスタグランジン産生を抑制し, そのことによって抗炎症, 鎮痛および解熱作用を発現することが発見され, このCOXに構成酵素COX-1と誘導酵素COX-2の2つのアイソザイムがあることの発見, そして, COX-2を選択的に阻害する薬が開発されて, アスピリンのもつ優れた有効性を残して消化管障害などの副作用が大きく軽減された, 新しい非ステロイド性抗炎症薬(NSAIDs)が米国ならびに諸外国で医療に供されることになった. COX-1とCOX-2の生理的ならびに病態生理的役割は実験動物で明らかにされているが, 動物とヒトとの間には種族差, 病態の違いなどがある. そこで, COX-2選択的阻害薬の最新の2つ, セレコキシブとロフェコキシブの臨床における抗炎症, 鎮痛, 解熱および抗大腸がん作用とともに, 消化管障害, 腎機能障害, 血小板機能障害などの副次的作用から, COX-2の生理的ならびに病態生理的役割について推察するとともに, COX-2選択的阻害薬の有効性とその限界について考察し, これらに基づいてNSAIDsの研究開発の動向について述べた.

著者

小泉 直樹

出版者

慶應義塾大学大学院法務研究科 ; 2004-

雑誌

慶應法学 = Keio law journal (ISSN:18800750)

巻号頁・発行日

no.47, pp.45-63, 2022-01