出版者

茶業協会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, 1940-04

著者

Yutaro Osako Hisayo Yamane Ryunhee Kim Hisashi Miyagawa Ryutaro Tao

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-352, (Released:2022-05-19)

被引用文献数

1

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Seed size affects the edible portion rate of lychee fruit and is therefore an important trait for fruit quality in lychee (Litchi chinensis). Lychee fruits can be classified into four categories in terms of seed properties: normal, small, aborted seed and seedless. ‘Salathiel’ is known to bear a relatively high rate of aborted-seeded (pseudo-parthenocarpy, stenospermocarpy) and seedless (parthenocarpy) fruit regardless of environmental and cultivation conditions. In other horticultural fruit crops, such as tomato, auxin metabolism and signaling is critical for parthenocarpy, although auxin metabolism has not been characterized in relation to (pseudo) parthenocarpy in lychee. The purpose of this study was to characterize the physiological and morphological properties of maternal reproductive organs in ‘Salathiel’ female flowers, with a specific focus on the associated auxin metabolism. Microscopic observations of the internal structures of the ‘Salathiel’ embryo revealed that ‘Salathiel’ reproductive organ differentiation is similar to that of normal-seeded cultivars. However, the obturator was significantly smaller in ‘Salathiel’ than in other normal-seeded cultivars, suggesting that specific developmental characteristics may exist in the maternal reproductive organs of ‘Salathiel’. Our investigation of indole acetic acid (IAA) contents revealed that IAA levels were significantly higher in ‘Salathiel’ than in other cultivars. Moreover, the IAA metabolite contents also differed significantly between ‘Salathiel’ and the normal-seeded and small-seeded cultivars. Specifically, N-3-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetyl glutamic acid contents were significantly higher in ‘Salathiel’ than in ‘Yu Her Pau’ and ‘Hei Ye’. 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole-3-acetic acid was lower in ‘Yu Her Pau’ and ‘Salathiel’ than in ‘Hei Ye’, while indole-acetylaspartic acid was significantly lower in ‘Salathiel’ compared to ‘Hei Ye’. Expression analyses of the genes related to auxin biosynthesis, catabolism, transport, and signaling indicated that the IAA influx-related and efflux-related gene expression levels were respectively higher and lower in ‘Salathiel’ than in the other cultivars, which is consistent with the increased IAA accumulation in the ‘Salathiel’ ovary. The possible involvement of auxin metabolism in the aborted-seeded and seedless fruit production in ‘Salathiel’ is discussed herein.

著者

Masumi Yamagishi

出版者

The Japanese Society for Horticultural Science

雑誌

The Horticulture Journal (ISSN:21890102)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.UTD-373, (Released:2022-05-25)

被引用文献数

2

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The lily MYB12 gene, a positive regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, is targeted by microRNA828 (miR828). In bicolor tepals of Asiatic hybrid lilies with white lower halves and pigmented upper halves, accumulation levels of miR828 are higher in the lower halves than in the upper halves, and action of MYB12 is suppressed in the lower halves, resulting in bicolor tepal development. This is a newly identified mechanism of color pattern development in flowers. However, which wild species has donated the miR828-mediated bicolor tepal traits to these hybrid lilies is uncertain, and whether miR828-dependent pattern development occurs in species other than Lilium and is responsible for other types of color patterns is unknown. In this study, miR828 accumulation levels were compared between anthocyanin pigmented and unpigmented regions of flowers in lilies and other species. Lilium dauricum is among the parental wild species of Asiatic hybrid lilies. Lilium dauricum showed bicolor tepals, in which anthocyanins highly accumulated in the upper halves, and miR828 accumulation was more than 10 times higher in the lower halves than in the upper halves. Thus, the profile of miR828 accumulation was similar to that found in bicolor cultivars of Asiatic hybrid lilies. It is possible that the miR828-mediated bicolor tepal trait in Asiatic hybrid lilies is derived from L. dauricum. In L. cernuum var. album and an Oriental hybrid lily ‘Dizzy’, the suppression of MYB12 expression causes unpigmented tepals or tepal regions, but the unpigmented regions are spatially different from those in bicolor tepals of Asiatic hybrid lilies. MiR828 accumulation levels were similar between white and pink flowers of L. cernuum, and rather higher in pigmented regions than white regions of ‘Dizzy’ tepals, suggesting little involvement of miR828 in MYB12 expression suppression. MiR828 accumulation levels were evaluated in bicolor flowers of cherry sage, tulip, and Alstroemeria, but differences in miR828 accumulation were not detected between red and white petal/tepal regions, indicating that the mechanisms by which the bicolor flowers developed in these species are likely different from that occurring in Asiatic hybrid lilies and L. dauricum. Thus, the miR828/R2R3-MYB module is likely responsible for color only in lily flowers and only for the color pattern that consists of lower un-pigmented and upper pigmented regions.

著者

Yasushi MIYASHITA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.3, pp.93-111, 2022-03-11 (Released:2022-03-11)

参考文献数

113

被引用文献数

4

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The cerebral cortex performs its computations with many six-layered fundamental units, collectively spreading along the cortical sheet. What is the local network structure and the operating dynamics of such a fundamental unit? Previous investigations of primary sensory areas revealed a classic “canonical” circuit model, leading to an expectation of similar circuit organization and dynamics throughout the cortex. This review clarifies the different circuit dynamics at play in the higher association cortex of primates that implements computation for high-level cognition such as memory and attention. Instead of feedforward processing of response selectivity through Layers 4 to 2/3 that the classic canonical circuit stipulates, memory recall in primates occurs in Layer 5/6 with local backward projection to Layer 2/3, after which the retrieved information is sent back from Layer 6 to lower-level cortical areas for further retrieval of nested associations of target attributes. In this review, a novel “dynamic multimode module (D3M)” in the primate association cortex is proposed, as a new “canonical” circuit model performing this operation.

著者

木村 和文 西村 恒彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本臨床化学会

雑誌

臨床化学 (ISSN:03705633)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.4, pp.369-378, 1974-03-25 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

9

出版者

土屋栄五郎

巻号頁・発行日

1872

著者

東郷芳孝

出版者

鹿島技術研究所

雑誌

鹿島技術研究所年報

巻号頁・発行日

no.47, 1999-09-30

著者

菅谷 彪 若月 俊一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本農村医学会

雑誌

日本農村医学会雑誌 (ISSN:04682513)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.5, pp.724-747, 1981-01-25 (Released:2011-08-11)

参考文献数

77

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

黒野 保三 平松 由江 松本 美富士 渡 仲三

出版者

公益社団法人 全日本鍼灸学会

雑誌

全日本鍼灸学会雑誌 (ISSN:02859955)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.12-17, 1983-09-01 (Released:2011-05-30)

参考文献数

19

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健康人9名における鍼治療の免疫反応への影響のうち, in vitro における各種リンパ球機能の変化について検討を行なった。脈診法により2穴を選穴し通電刺激を行ない, その前後におけるリンパ球機能について末梢血リンパ球を用いて検討した。対照は大腿四頭筋中央部より2穴を選穴し同様の結果とした。鍼刺激直後が最大で240分後も上昇・増強を認めた。T-リンパ球の非特異的刺激物質である, PHA, ConAおよびB-リンパ球刺激物質としてのPWMとNK細胞活性に有意な上昇を認めた。対照については変化が認められなかった。経穴への鍼刺激によってヒトのリンパ球機能に変動が認められた。従って鍼治療が各種疾患に有効であることは免疫反応系に関与していることを示唆する。

著者

スバス・チャンドラ・ボース 著

出版者

綜合インド研究室

巻号頁・発行日

1943

著者

橋本 龍幸

出版者

愛知学院大学人間文化研究所

雑誌

人間文化 : 愛知学院大学人間文化研究所紀要 = Transactions of the Institute for Cultural Studies, Aichi Gakuin University NINGEN BUNKA (ISSN:09108424)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.132-111, 2012-09-20

著者

Kensuke Yasui Noriyuki Miyoshi Hiroki Tanabe Yoko Ishigami Ryuuta Fukutomi Shinjiro Imai Mamoru Isemura

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.119-125, 2011 (Released:2011-05-03)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 3

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Many biological activities of green tea have been attributed to a major constituent, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). We previously reported that EGCG and a catechin-rich green tea beverage modulated the gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), in the mouse liver. However, it remains to be examined whether or not a constituent other than EGCG contributes to the change in gene expression of these enzymes. In this study, we separated the hot water infusion of green tea leaves (GT) into an ethanol-soluble fraction (GT-E) and an EGCG-free water-soluble fraction (GT-W), and examined their effects using rat hepatoma H4IIE cells. The inclusion of GT, GT-E, and GT-W in the culture medium reduced the gene expression of G6Pase and PEPCK. GT-W caused a decrease in expression of the transcription factor HNF4α. Reduced levels of PEPCK and HNF4α proteins were demonstrated in the cells treated with GT-W. GT-W showed an activity similar to insulin, but different from EGCG. Administration of GT-W to mice for 4 weeks reduced the hepatic expression of G6Pase, PEPCK, and HNF4α. These results suggest that green tea contains some component(s) with insulin-like activity distinguishable from EGCG and that drinking green tea may help to prevent diabetes.

著者

Kensuke Yasui Noriko Paeng Noriyuki Miyoshi Takuji Suzuki Kyoko Taguchi Yoko Ishigami Ryuuta Fukutomi Shinjiro Imai Mamoru Isemura Tsutomu Nakayama

出版者

Biomedical Research Press

雑誌

Biomedical Research (ISSN:03886107)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.9-13, 2012 (Released:2012-02-24)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

14 18

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Many biological activities of green tea have been attributed to a major constituent, (minus;)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). We previously reported that EGCG and an EGCG-free fraction derived from green tea modulated the gene expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, in the mouse liver. EGCG is also known to affect the gene expression of enzymes related to lipid metabolism. However, it remains to be examined whether or not a constituent other than EGCG contributes to the change in gene expression of these enzymes. In this study, we prepared an EGCG-free water-soluble fraction (GT-W), and examined its effects on the hepatic gene expression of lipogenic enzymes in mice. The results of quantitative real-time PCR assays indicated that the dietary administration of GT-W for 4 weeks reduced the hepatic gene expression of lipogenic enzymes: fatty acid synthase, hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase alpha. Also, the gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor (Srebf)1 and/or Srebf2 was reduced, suggesting that the reduction of Srebfs contributed to the down-regulation of the lipogenic enzymes, since these transcription factors bind the promoter region to enhance their expression. The plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were reduced with statistical significance in the group given a diet containing GT-W. These results suggest that in addition to EGCG, green tea contains some component(s) which may help to prevent arteriosclerosis and obesity.

著者

押谷 仁

出版者

一般社団法人 日本保健医療社会福祉学会

雑誌

保健医療社会福祉研究 (ISSN:24350060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.1-8, 2021-03-31 (Released:2022-03-25)

著者

小柳津 勤 下田 満哉 松本 清 後藤 正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品科学工学会

雑誌

日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.5, pp.327-334, 2002-05-15 (Released:2010-01-20)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

4 5

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茶芽の熟度が緑茶の香気成分の変化に及ぼす影響を明らかにし検討を加えた.茶葉は'やぶきた'品種園から一番茶期および二番茶期において生育初期の極若い茶芽から生育の進んだ極硬い茶芽まで数日置きに17回摘採し,速やかに荒茶製造した.官能検査スコアと中性デタージェント繊維含有率との間には-0.859の高い負の相関があり,茶芽熟度は若芽香(みる芽香)およびこわ葉臭に大きく影響することが認められた.GC分析およびGC-MS分析により128成分が検出され,75成分が同定された.主成分分析の結果,摘採時期による香気成分の特徴的な変動を明らかにすることができた.(E,E)-2, 4-heptadienal, (E,Z)-2, 4-heptadienal, (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, hexanal, (Z)-2-heptenalは,一,二番茶とも摘採初期には含有率が低く,茶芽熟度の進行に伴って含有率が高くなったことから,こわ葉臭への寄与が示唆された.linalool oxide (cis-pyranoid), coumarin, 7, 8-dihydro-β-ionone, (E)-2-hydroxycinnamic acid, heptanoic acidは,一,二番茶とも摘採前期に高い含有率を示し,茶芽熟度の進行に伴って含有率が低下したことから,若芽香や新鮮香など新茶の香りに寄与している可能性が示唆された.linalool, geraniol, linalool oxide (furanoid)は,一番茶で茶芽熟度が進むに従い含有率が高くなり,摘採後期には高い含有率を示したが,二番茶ではその傾向が小さく含有率も低かったことから,こわ葉臭や木茎臭への寄与は小さいと考えられた.(Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, methyl 3-phenyl-2-propenoate, methyl jasmonate, indoleは,摘採時期の影響を受けなかったことから,緑茶本来の香りに寄与する成分と考えられた.

著者

清水泰幸

出版者

国立社会保障・人口問題研究所

雑誌

季刊社会保障研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, 2004-12

著者

千葉 糺 Tadasu Chiba

出版者

学習院高等科

雑誌

学習院高等科紀要 (ISSN:18813577)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.1-32, 2011-11-12

著者

佐久間英 著

出版者

谷川商事

巻号頁・発行日

1968

出版者

詩学社

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38(6), no.395, 1983-05