著者
新井 博
出版者
びわこ成蹊スポーツ大学
雑誌
研究紀要 = Bulletin of Biwako Seikei Sport College (ISSN:13489399)
巻号頁・発行日
no.11, pp.55-62, 2014-03-15

The purposes of this study were to clarify the movement to host the visionary Sapporo Olympics in 1940. The movement to host the Visionary Sapporo Olympics has not been studied in detail. The main contents of this study are to clarify the effort that the Japanese Ski Association attempted to host the Sapporo Olympics against the ideals IOC and FIS (Federation of International Skiing) during 1932-1938. This study clarified the Japanese Ski Association efforts to progress in the structural preparation of Olympics throughout the country and sent their delegates to IOC members many times in order to host the Sapporo Olympics. The holding of the Sapporo Olympics in 1940 was approved by the IOC. Conversely, FIS decided not to take part in the Sapporo Olympics. Soon after, the Japan-China war broke out, so the Japanese government gave up their attempts to host the Sapporo Olympics.
著者
彭 国躍 Peng Guoyue
出版者
神奈川大学言語研究センター
雑誌
神奈川大学言語研究 (ISSN:09153136)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, pp.23-57, 2018-03-10

Linguistic landscape (LL) is one of the most exciting, attractive growing branches in the realm of sociolinguistics. Since the end of the last century, many cases of LL have been reported from all over the world. In order to deepen the theoretical exploration and support the historical study on this field, we need more cases describing LL in various areas and periods from different perspectives. In this paper, we investigate the actual situation of the LL in early modern Shanghai through the analysis of the old photographs of Shanghai shopping districts taken during the 40 years from 1890 to 1929. First of all, we classify the shop signs into two basic types according to the kind of language, the design of the sign board, and the meaning of the words used in the LL. The one type is the Chinese traditional style which also had been used in many cities before the 19th century in China. The other is the modernized style influenced by western culture. After describing the contents of each case of the LL, we explain the characteristics of the LL from historical sociolinguistic perspectives as follows: (1) multilingual society, (2) language prestige and norm, (3) language change, (4) form of industry, (5) style of architecture, and (6) market economy.
著者
北原 克宣
出版者
立正大学経済学会
雑誌
経済学季報 (ISSN:02883457)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.3/4, pp.61-94, 2011-03-20

本論文は,戦前から戦後にかけての日本の食料需給政策の背景と性格に関する分析および考察を通じて,戦後日本資本主義の展開の中で食料自給に対する認識がどのように変遷してきたのかを明らかにすることを課題としたものである.この課題を明らかにするため,本論文では,まず近年における食料自給をめぐる議論について,浅川芳裕氏の近著を取り上げ批判的に検討した.そのうえで,戦前の食糧需給政策について整理し,戦前日本において食料(糧)自給が追求されたのは第二次世界大戦前と戦後の一時期に過ぎず,しかも,これが実際に達成されたのは植民地からの移入米を含めてようやく「自給」を達成した戦前の一時期に過ぎないものであることを明らかにした.戦後における食料(糧)需給政策については,当初,食糧増産政策はとられるものの,MSA協定などを通じてアメリカ余剰農産物の受け入れ体制が構築されることにより,日本は米を除く食糧の自給は放棄する方向へと進むことになった.これを決定づけたのが農業基本法であり,これ以降,日本の土地利用型畑作は壊滅的状況となり,麦類や大豆の自給率は大きく低下させることになった.その後,1980年代半ばまでは,食管制度を通じて農業・農村もかろうじて維持され,これが米過剰をもたらす要因ともなるのであるが,1985年以降,新自由主義的政策への転換の中で,さらに自給率を低める方向へ作用していった.本論文では,この段階を食糧自給放棄から食料自給放棄への転換点と捉えた.さらに,食料・農業・農村基本法の制定以降,食料・農業・農村基本計画の策定にともない食料自給率目標が設定されることになったが,それを実現できる政策が構想されているかどうかという点では疑問の残る内容にとどまっている.以上を踏まえ,本論文では,これからの食料自給のあり方について,グローバル段階における広域的再生産構造を前提としたうえで基礎的食糧の自給は目指しつつ,東アジア圏での貿易による補完的関係を構築していくなかで食料自給を達成する方向性を提起した.
著者
後藤 誠也 高森 裕子
出版者
奈良教育大学
雑誌
奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.43, no.1, pp.119-134, 1994-11-25

The discussion of sexuality education has been the most controversial issue since 1990. The revision of the Course of Study has led to teach sexuality in the subjects of natural science and health education. There are many problems to solve what should be the content of sexuality education, how to teach and what extent we are supposed to teach to. Teaching sexual intercourse, as a matter of course, is the most embarrassing question for every teachers in primary schools. Now in Japan, sex-educationists' views of teaching of sexual intercourse are divided into two groups. Both groups agree that sexuality education is not only illustrating genitals and teaching their function, but respectively showing their own ideas about content and the way how to teach that. One group insists that they need not teach genitals because the mere teaching of genitals could not be sexuality education, while the others assert that without to teach genitals they could not give the true recognition of sexuality. According to those separate standpoints, the former asserts that we should not include the sexual intercourse in sexuality education, but the latter asserts that we must include the sexual intercourse as the essential item of sexuality education. Here we take the stand of the latter opinion. In the case of primary school children, we might sometimes feel embarrassed in teaching the sexual intercourse, but considering the circumstance around children, the harmful effects were instilled by mass media, of which we are afraid they can often be inadequate or unnecessary sorts of imformation. So we should throw a new light on the sex or sexuality and lead children to the right direction. We inquired into the prevailing state in primary schools in Nara Prefecture about the sexuality education (their teaching plans, method and content etc.). We knew the following facts. In 90% or more of schools inquired sexuality education is under way, and they refer to the teaching of sexual intercourse, 36% of the whole schools actually introduced it into their class, and 37% think about translating their plans into practice at an early stage. The teachers of such schools have tried to answer to childrens' questions correctly. However there are many ptoblems awaiting solution with our efforts. We have to press for the sexuality education including the item of sexual intercourse as the key matters. For that purpose we must research many problems; such as teachers' concern about sexuality, the decision upon more specified content of sexuality education, increasing the opportunity of teachers in-service training, the development of teaching materials or tools, the negotiation with parents about sexuality education, and all that.
著者
田中 はるみ
出版者
関西大学史学・地理学会
雑誌
史泉 (ISSN:03869407)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, pp.17-37, 1995-03-31
著者
李 春喜
出版者
関西大学外国語学部
雑誌
関西大学外国語学部紀要 = Journal of foreign language studies (ISSN:18839355)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, pp.99-105, 2014-03

These research notes are about "Englishness" and "Japaneseness." This theme has been explored by many researchers, and this research notes are also based on work by the Japanese linguist, Yoshihiko Ikegami. These research notes are divided into four sections. The first section deals with the "mono" language and the "koto" language. English focuses on "things [mono in Japanese]," whereas Japanese focuses on "events [koto in Japanese]." The second section discusses the "HAVE" language and the "BE" language. English is likely to use "have," the verb of possession, in occasions in which Japanese uses "be," the verb of existence or a copula. The third section, by focusing on verbs, points out how strong the subject of the English language controls the rest of the sentence. The last section discusses the language of "suru["do" in English]" and the language of "naru ["become" in English]." In Japanese, "suru" means that "somebody does something," whereas "naru" implies that "an event occurs as if of its own initiative." In conclusion, those notes indicate that the differences between English and Japanese reflect cultural differences inherent to the English speaking and the Japanese speaking people's attitudes toward life.

1 0 0 0 OA 「ワニ」小考

著者
神田 典城 Norishiro Kanda
出版者
学習院女子短期大学国語国文学会
雑誌
国語国文論集 (ISSN:02896753)
巻号頁・発行日
no.22, pp.1-9, 1993-03-20
著者
成田 結香
出版者
法政大学大学院理工学研究科
雑誌
法政大学大学院紀要. 理工学・工学研究科編 (ISSN:21879923)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, pp.1-7, 2019-03-31

Laparoscopic surgery is a difficult surgical procedure as compared with open operation. Therefore, training is necessary for surgeons before conducting laparoscopic surgery clinically. In this paper, improvement and extension of the training system which has been developed by our group was carried out. First, effectiveness of the evaluation method for trainee's hands movement was verified through the past measurement data obtained for operation of ligation. Second, in order to make it easy to perform ligation under Para-axial position, camera position of the training box was improved. Third, former sensor module which was attached to the forceps was downsized so as not to collide to other objects. Finally, the proposed evaluation system for hands movement and the evaluation system for angle of the wrists which was developed in our previous study were merged. Then, the evaluation results of trainee's angle of the left and the right wrists, hands movement and operation time in comparison with those of the excellent skilled surgeon are displayed on the monitor screen.
著者
中井 朋美
出版者
北海道大学文学研究科
雑誌
研究論集 (ISSN:13470132)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, pp.229-245, 2017-11-29

『殺人の追憶』という映画では,規定されたはずのものが混ざり合ってしまうことで,境界線があいまいになる。そのために,事柄がその間に落ちていくこと(本論文ではそれを「中間性」とする)が全体を貫いている。中間性は,予告され,画面の中に配置されており,映画の進行とともに,物語上の中心や二項対立をも融解させ,すべてを引き込んでいく。この進展を表出させるのは,事件を追う二人の刑事と,不在となっている犯人である。事件の捜査を担当し中心となっている二人の刑事は,はじめ物語的にも,画面内的にも中心に位置づけられ,単純な二項対立をなす。しかし,二人は互いの要素が混ざり合ってしまい,画面的にもその中心性が裏切られるために,中間性へと落ちていく。事件の中で一貫して不在であることで,観客の関心を引き,中心となる犯人像は断片だけが描かれ,それが統合できないことにより,にわかに怪物性を帯びた特権化されたものとしておかれていく。しかし,映画のラストにおいて,犯人が予想とは真逆の「普通」であったことが判明するとき,中間性におち,交換可能な位置となる。すべてが中間性に落ち込んでいくことは,映画の映像自体が根源的に孕んでいる中間性に関わっている。映像はそれ自体が,真/偽の中間に位置している。そのために,映っているものが真実かどうかは曖昧であるし,真実ではない存在からも,「真実」らしさをはく奪できないのだ。『殺人の追憶』においては,主として観客が犯人にもつイメージが逆転することによって,この中間性が観客の誤認や独善に結びつくということを告発している。中間性は,韓国という〈場〉が持つイメージにも関わっていると考える。韓国は,地理的,文化的,政治的など,混ざり合ってしまうことがその根底に関わっている。そのことを考慮すれば,本作は,韓国という〈場〉そのものをミニマムな視点で描いた作品ともいえるだろう。