著者

中谷内 一也 島田 貴仁

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.34-44, 2008

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The purpose of the present study was to compare the perceived risk of crimes between the lay public and experts. A hypothesis of the lay public's risk perception was deduced using the weight function of prospect theory. It was expected that the lay public would overestimate the number of personal injury crimes, which are statistically low, and underestimate the number of property crimes, which are statistically higher. Experts, on the other hand, were expected to correctly estimate the number of crimes in each category. One hundred and sixty undergraduate students and 259 police officers estimated an average annual number for each of 18 crimes. The results supported the hypothesis, revealing that the public overestimated the number of personal injury crimes, which rarely occur, and underestimated the number of property crimes, which occur frequently. Implications of these results for experts and how they communicate with the lay public regarding crime prevention were discussed.

著者

金政 祐司 荒井 崇史 島田 貴仁 石田 仁 山本 功

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.17207, (Released:2018-05-25)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3

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This study aimed to reveal the risk factors for a person to perpetrate stalking-like behaviors following the end of a romantic relationship based on personality traits (attachment anxiety and narcissism), the characteristics of a romantic relationship before a breakup, and the emotions and thoughts of a person after a breakup. To develop two scales measuring the characteristics of a romantic relationship before a breakup and the emotions and thoughts of a person after a breakup, a web-based survey of 189 females and 165 males was conducted in Study 1. In Study 2, a national survey was conducted using two-stage stratified sampling; 106 females and 110 males who experienced the end of a romantic relationship during the past five years and did not initiate their most recent breakup were analyzed. The results of a multiple-group analysis revealed that both attachment anxiety and feelings that a partner was his/her “one and only” increased egoistic preoccupations after a breakup, and the egoistic preoccupations predicted the perpetration of stalking-like behaviors in both males and females.

著者

金政 祐司 荒井 崇史 島田 貴仁 石田 仁 山本 功

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.2, pp.160-170, 2018 (Released:2018-06-25)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 3

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This study aimed to reveal the risk factors for a person to perpetrate stalking-like behaviors following the end of a romantic relationship based on personality traits (attachment anxiety and narcissism), the characteristics of a romantic relationship before a breakup, and the emotions and thoughts of a person after a breakup. To develop two scales measuring the characteristics of a romantic relationship before a breakup and the emotions and thoughts of a person after a breakup, a web-based survey of 189 females and 165 males was conducted in Study 1. In Study 2, a national survey was conducted using two-stage stratified sampling; 106 females and 110 males who experienced the end of a romantic relationship during the past five years and did not initiate their most recent breakup were analyzed. The results of a multiple-group analysis revealed that both attachment anxiety and feelings that a partner was his/her “one and only” increased egoistic preoccupations after a breakup, and the egoistic preoccupations predicted the perpetration of stalking-like behaviors in both males and females.

著者

讃井 知 島田 貴仁 雨宮 護

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.20024, (Released:2021-05-31)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

3

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Consultative behavior with spouses has been found to be effective in deterring telephone call–based fraud. This study aimed to identify the factors that enhance spousal counseling behavior during fraudulent phone call encounters. In December 2019, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 874 households each exclusively composed of an elderly marital couple (n = 1,748). The influence of the day-to-day marital relationship and trust in the spouse as a counselor on the intention to consult was examined using Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analysis. The results showed that marital satisfaction had an indirect effect on intentions for consultative behavior, mediated by trust in both wives and husbands, and that marital satisfaction was defined by daily communication and positive problem-solving strategies. The results imply that efforts to communicate with spouses and to proactively solve problems increase marriage satisfaction and are also effective in promoting spousal counseling behavior.

著者

木村 敦 齊藤 知範 山根 由子 島田 貴仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.2, pp.120-128, 2023 (Released:2023-06-25)

参考文献数

37

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Previous studies suggest that some elderly people do not use an answering machine at home to prevent falling victim to fraudulent scams despite this being known as one of the most effective behaviors to avoid fraud. The present study explored the influence of optimistic bias on answering machine use and behavioral intention for preventing fraud among elderly Japanese people. A survey was used among elderly Japanese respondents (N = 1,598, Mage = 73.2, SD = 5.30) to examine optimistic bias and behavioral intentions related to preventing scams targeting the elderly. Results of statistical analyses demonstrated that there was no relationship between optimistic bias and answering machine use. On the other hand, optimistic bias positively affected the behavioral intention of penetrating a scam by pretending to be deceived if respondents encountered scammers. We discuss the effects of optimistic bias and other factors, such as gender, on crime prevention behaviors regarding fraud.

著者

島田 貴仁 荒井 崇史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.3, pp.230-240, 2017 (Released:2017-08-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

7

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A field experiment was conducted to examine the factors in threat appeal responsible for maintenance of crime-prevention behavior. At four public bicycle parking lots, 256 riders with variable receiver vulnerability characteristics were encouraged to use an extra bicycle lock. They were randomly presented with one of three threat messages featuring victims of bicycle theft (identifiable victim, statistical victim, or control), followed by either high- or low-efficacy preventative-messages. After extra locks were installed on their bicycles, participants’ use of the lock was observed five times within 28 days after the intervention. A mixed-effect generalized linear model revealed that vulnerability of the participants increased the use of the lock immediately after the intervention. Meanwhile, highly vulnerable participants who were presented with an identifiable victim and high-efficacy messages decreased their use of the lock significantly compared to low-vulnerability participants and those who were presented with the low-efficacy message. The result implies that threat appeal strategies differ depending on receiver vulnerability and the type of preventative behavior.

著者

島田 貴仁 荒井 崇史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16032, (Released:2017-07-10)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

7

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A field experiment was conducted to examine the factors in threat appeal responsible for maintenance of crime-prevention behavior. At four public bicycle parking lots, 256 riders with variable receiver vulnerability characteristics were encouraged to use an extra bicycle lock. They were randomly presented with one of three threat messages featuring victims of bicycle theft (identifiable victim, statistical victim, or control), followed by either high- or low-efficacy preventative-messages. After extra locks were installed on their bicycles, participants’ use of the lock was observed five times within 28 days after the intervention. A mixed-effect generalized linear model revealed that vulnerability of the participants increased the use of the lock immediately after the intervention. Meanwhile, highly vulnerable participants who were presented with an identifiable victim and high-efficacy messages decreased their use of the lock significantly compared to low-vulnerability participants and those who were presented with the low-efficacy message. The result implies that threat appeal strategies differ depending on receiver vulnerability and the type of preventative behavior.

著者

島田 貴仁 雨宮 護 菊池 城治

出版者

日本犯罪社会学会

雑誌

犯罪社会学研究 (ISSN:0386460X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.35, pp.132-148, 2010-10-01

被引用文献数

2

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近年,日本では,近隣での防犯対策が広く行われるようになったが,これらの防犯対策が一般市民の犯罪の知覚へどう影響しているかの実証研究は少ない.本研究では,近隣での防犯対策として青色防犯パトロールと犯罪発生マップ掲示を実施している首都圏の1市で住民調査(回答数1,171名)を実施し,防犯対策の認知が犯罪の知覚に与える影響を階層的重回帰分析で分析した.犯罪の知覚を個人-地区,認知-感情の2軸からなると考え,個人の被害リスク認知と犯罪不安,地区の治安評価と満足感の4つを目的変数とした.各目的変数を回答者のデモグラフィックなど統制変数のみで説明するモデルと,統制変数に防犯対策の認知を加えて説明するモデルとを比較したところ,防犯対策の認知は被害リスク認知,地区の満足感に対して有意な影響を与えていた.青色防犯パトロールは,パトロール車両を見た回答者の被害リスク認知を高める一方,地区の満足感を低めていた.一方,犯罪発生マップの掲示は,その内容を確認した回答者の地区の満足感に影響していたが,被害リスク認知や犯罪不安には影響していなかった.近隣での防犯対策の選択への含意が議論された.

著者

島田 貴仁

出版者

Japan Association for Urban Sociology

雑誌

日本都市社会学会年報 (ISSN:13414585)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2022, no.40, pp.25-42, 2022-09-05 (Released:2023-09-16)

参考文献数

61

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As with many other social phenomena, spatial patterns exist in crime and delinquency, and neighborhood contextual effects are known as its predictors. The exploration of neighborhood effects through quantitative methods, with multilevel analysis as a central pillar, has led to theoretical developments in criminology, providing a theoretical basis for social developmental crime prevention policies. The paper discusses the cartographic school, social disorganization theory, and systemic theory as ways to formulate neighborhood effects in criminological research, which focuses on spatial aspects. Section 2 discusses collective efficacy, multilevel crime opportunity theory, and devastation theory as important criminological theories that explain neighborhood effects using multilevel analysis. Section 3 introduces the development of empirical studies of neighborhood effects in Asia, including Japan, and Oceania. Section 4 presents examples of empirical research on the neighborhood effects on crime and crime insecurity in large Japanese cities through subregionally aggregable social surveys and systematic social observations. Finally, crime open data and collaboration between researchers and practitioners are presented as future prospects for the study of neighborhood effects of crime in Japan.

著者

島田 貴仁 宮脇 かおり

出版者

日本環境心理学会

雑誌

環境心理学研究 (ISSN:21891427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.1, pp.25, 2015 (Released:2017-05-08)

著者

島田 貴仁

出版者

日本環境心理学会

雑誌

環境心理学研究 (ISSN:21891427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.46-57, 2013 (Released:2017-01-31)

参考文献数

83

被引用文献数

1

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犯罪研究のアプローチは,犯罪原因論と犯罪機会論とに大別されるが,環境はその両者に重要な役割を果たしている。本論文では,「環境と犯罪」研究の歴史を概観し,マクロ・ミクロ・メソのスケール間や,犯罪原因論と犯罪機会論の間での視座の変遷と,環境心理学との関連を検討する。「環境と犯罪」研究は,マクロスケールの犯罪原因論から起こり,ミクロスケールの犯罪機会論へシフトした。そして,近年は,近隣やコミュニティといったメソスケールで環境が犯罪の加害と被害に及ぼす影響が議論されている。次に,近年発展している方法論として,データの階層性に着目するマルチレベル分析と,データの空間関係に注目する空間情報科学の手法の2つを取り上げた。最後に,犯罪研究と環境心理学研究の共通点として学際性と問題解決志向を指摘し,犯罪原因論と犯罪機会論とを橋渡しする環境心理学の役割の重要性を議論した。

著者

菊池 城治 雨宮 護 島田 貴仁 齊藤 知範 原田 豊

出版者

日本犯罪社会学会

雑誌

犯罪社会学研究 (ISSN:0386460X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.34, pp.151-163, 2009-10-20

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警察や一般市民の間で,声かけなどのいわゆる不審者遭遇情報は,より重篤な性犯罪などの前兆事案として捉えられているものの,実証的な研究はこれまでなされてきていない.本研究では,犯罪学における近接反復被害の分析手法を応用し,声かけなどの不審者遭遇情報とその後の性犯罪発生との時空間的近接性を検証する.A都道府県警察における3年間の不審者遭遇情報(1,396件)と屋外での性犯罪(599件)の認知データを地理情報システム(GIS)とシミュレーション手法を用いて時空間的に解析したところ,声かけなどの不審者遭遇情報と性犯罪は時間的にも空間的にも近接して発生していることが分かった.具体的には,声かけなどの不審者遭遇情報発生後,少なくとも1ヶ月にわたって発生地点から1kmの範囲において性犯罪の発生件数が有意に高いことが示された.この結果に基づいて,本研究の限界を踏まえつつ,実証データに基づく警察活動への考察を行う.

著者

菊池 城治 雨宮 護 島田 貴仁 齊藤 知範 原田 豊

出版者

日本犯罪社会学会

雑誌

犯罪社会学研究 (ISSN:0386460X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, pp.151-163, 2009-10-20 (Released:2017-03-30)

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警察や一般市民の間で,声かけなどのいわゆる不審者遭遇情報は,より重篤な性犯罪などの前兆事案として捉えられているものの,実証的な研究はこれまでなされてきていない.本研究では,犯罪学における近接反復被害の分析手法を応用し,声かけなどの不審者遭遇情報とその後の性犯罪発生との時空間的近接性を検証する.A都道府県警察における3年間の不審者遭遇情報(1,396件)と屋外での性犯罪(599件)の認知データを地理情報システム(GIS)とシミュレーション手法を用いて時空間的に解析したところ,声かけなどの不審者遭遇情報と性犯罪は時間的にも空間的にも近接して発生していることが分かった.具体的には,声かけなどの不審者遭遇情報発生後,少なくとも1ヶ月にわたって発生地点から1kmの範囲において性犯罪の発生件数が有意に高いことが示された.この結果に基づいて,本研究の限界を踏まえつつ,実証データに基づく警察活動への考察を行う.

著者

島田 貴仁

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.101-101, 2017-12-25 (Released:2017-12-25)

著者

島田 貴仁 伊原 直子

出版者

日本行動計量学会

雑誌

日本行動計量学会大会発表論文抄録集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.44-45, 2014-09-02

著者

鈴木 あい 讃井 知 春田 悠佳 島田 貴仁

出版者

日本行動計量学会

雑誌

行動計量学 (ISSN:03855481)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.33-43, 2023 (Released:2023-11-22)

参考文献数

47

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Public confidence in the police has become an important issue in many countries because high levels of trust and confidence can allow the public to believe the police organisation is accountable and legitimate. Much empirical research on public attitudes towards policing is available in Western countries, and it has been revealed that community policing can affect the levels of trust and confidence in the police both positively and negatively. Using data from an online survey, this article seeks to address the impact of community policing on public trust and confidence in the Japanese police. The results of a series of hierarchical multiple regression models demonstrated that being female, participating in crime prevention and self-defence classes are associated with high levels of trust in the police, while being liberal and experiencing police-initiated contact are associated with low levels of trust in the police. The implications of the findings for theory, research, and policing policy and practice are discussed.

著者

今井 巧 雨宮 護 島田 貴仁 讃井 知 大山 智也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会

雑誌

都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.751-758, 2023-10-25 (Released:2023-10-25)

参考文献数

29

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子供が被害者となる声かけやつきまといなどの前兆事案は,子供から保護者に被害が伝わったとしても,保護者が警察や学校に被害を連絡しないことによって被害が暗数化し,事案への対応が遅れることが懸念される.本研究では,保護者の子供の前兆事案被害情報に関する警察や学校への連絡意図を形成する要因の解明を目的とした.ウェブアンケート調査により得られた,ある政令指定都市に住み,小中学生を第一子に持つ20歳から59歳の男女(n=518)のデータを用いて順序ロジスティック回帰分析を行った.その結果,事案の深刻さや連絡の効果,連絡の自己効力感の認知が保護者の警察・学校への連絡意図に正の関連を持つことが明らかになった.

著者

白川 真裕 島田 貴仁 樋口 匡貴

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.6, pp.516-525, 2023 (Released:2023-02-25)

参考文献数

32

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Based on the protection motivation theory and previous studies that discussed the effects of risk perception, perceived response effectiveness, and self-efficacy on behavioral intentions and changes in behavior, this study conducted an experiment to examine the effects of the Metropolitan Police Department's crime deterrence task force’s official Twitter account on crime prevention behavior. Information on the threat of communications fraud, the effectiveness of preventive behavior, and self-efficacy was presented via Twitter, and changes in behavioral intention, behavior, fear, effectiveness, and self-efficacy were checked over time. Participants in their 20s to 50s were assigned to a Metropolitan Police Department group presented with tweets about scams or to a control group presented with other tweets. The results of the analysis of the 60 participants in the police department group and the 49 participants in the control group showed that the presentation of information increased behavioral intention, but it did not necessarily lead to changes in behavior. Therefore, it was suggested that there may be other factors that increase behavioral intention and changes in behavior.

著者

横田 賀英子 渡邉 和美 和智 妙子 大塚 祐輔 平間 一樹 島田 貴仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.1, pp.1-11, 2023 (Released:2023-04-25)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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The aim of the current study was to examine the psychological responses of victims during sexual assault, focusing on tonic immobility (TI). TI is characterized by immobility in situations involving the threat of death or a threat to one’s physical integrity. In the current study, 143 sexual assault victims consented to participate in the survey and completed the questionnaires. An exploratory categorical factor analysis revealed that the psychological responses of victims during sexual assaults comprised two factors: TI and fear. Results of structural equation modeling indicated that victims’ fear during the sexual assault increased their TI responses. Furthermore, the high variation of violence, which was influenced by prior relationships between victims and offenders, increased fear and TI responses.

著者

白川 真裕 島田 貴仁 樋口 匡貴

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93.21044, (Released:2022-11-10)

参考文献数

32

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Based on the protection motivation theory and previous studies that discussed the effects of risk perception, perceived response effectiveness, and self-efficacy on behavioral intentions and changes in behavior, this study conducted an experiment to examine the effects of the Metropolitan Police Department's crime deterrence task force’s official Twitter account on crime prevention behavior. Information on the threat of communications fraud, the effectiveness of preventive behavior, and self-efficacy was presented via Twitter, and changes in behavioral intention, behavior, fear, effectiveness, and self-efficacy were checked over time. Participants in their 20s to 50s were assigned to a Metropolitan Police Department group presented with tweets about scams or to a control group presented with other tweets. The results of the analysis of the 60 participants in the police department group and the 49 participants in the control group showed that the presentation of information increased behavioral intention, but it did not necessarily lead to changes in behavior. Therefore, it was suggested that there may be other factors that increase behavioral intention and changes in behavior.