著者
高木 弘 小林 章二 岡田 秀親 中島 泉 磯部 健一 林 衆治 KOBAYASHI S
出版者
名古屋大学
雑誌
試験研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
1994

異種臓器移植において生ずる超急性拒絶反応を抑制するためには、異種抗原、自然抗体、補体系の制御が重要である。本研究では、補体制御因子遺伝子は、同時に複数遺伝子導入した方が、異種免疫反応抑制効果が強いというin vitroでの実験結果を基に、DAFおよびHRF20遺伝子を同時に導入したダブルトランスジェニックマウスを作成し、機能解析を行った。そして、この結果を基にDAF,HRF20,およびmembrane cofactor protein(MCP)を導入したトランスジェニックブタを作成した。異種抗原Gal α Galに対する対策として、マウスembryonic stem(ES)細胞でα(1,3)GT遺伝子のダブルノックアウトを行い、機能解析を行った。また、α(1,2)FT遺伝子を異種培養細胞へ遺伝子導入した場合、Gal α Gal抗原の発現が抑制され、異種免疫反応が抑制されるというin vitroの実験結果を基に、a(1,2)FT遺伝子導入トランスジェニックブタを作成した。したがって、補体制御因子遺伝子を発現し、かつ異種抗原GalaGalを発現しないトランスジェニックブタの作成は、異種臓器移植の臨床応用にとって重要であると考えられた。
著者
Witold S. Proskura Daria Cichoń Wilhelm Grzesiak Daniel Zaborski Ewa Sell-Kubiak Yeong-Hsiang Cheng Andrzej Dybus
出版者
日本家禽学会
雑誌
The Journal of Poultry Science (ISSN:13467395)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.0130237, (Released:2014-03-25)
被引用文献数
15

The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the g.2582481G>A, g.2583935G>A and g.2584057C>T single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the lactate dehydrogenase A gene (LDHA) coding for lactate dehydrogenase isoform A and the racing performance of homing pigeons. As a measure of racing performance, we used the mean values of ace points won by individual birds during the whole season. The estimated heritability of the racing performance of pigeons was relatively low (h2=0.0596; SE=0.0249). The analyzis performed for all race reports together showed that the factors such as gender, weather conditions at the start and at the end of the race affect the analyzed trait. Of the 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms, only the effect of the g.2582481G>A genotype on the performance of racing pigeons was significant. Statistical analyzis indicated the difference in the value of ace points between the animals of GG and GA genotypes for the g.2582481G>A SNP. The study showed that the genotype homozygous for g.2582481A is linked to the highest mean value of ace points. Consequently, the relationship between the genotype for g.2582481G>A and the racing performance was shown.
著者
北尾 謙治 北尾 S.キャスリーン
出版者
同志社大学
雑誌
挑戦的萌芽研究
巻号頁・発行日
2013-04-01

24年には私たちは米国のテレビコメディーの「モダーンファミリー」の最初の3シーズンを使用した。謝罪によく使用される“sorry,” “excuse,” “apologize,” “forgive,” と“pardon”の5キーワードを使用して、コーパス内の謝罪を特定して、分析した。25年度はこの研究の吟味をして、謝罪に対して応じる言い方を研究した。まず以前の研究で謝罪にどのように応じたかや発話行為のデータを集める種々の問題を吟味する。米国のシチュエーション・コメディの「モダーン・ファミリー」の72エピソードの字幕のコーパスから抽出した320の謝罪を分析した。謝罪の応答を9つのカテゴリーに分類した。それらは、応答なし、相手のしたことを最小限にすること、したことに焦点をしぼること、謝罪の説明や理由に答えること、明らかにすることを求めること、謝罪で返答すこと、音の発生、不信感を示すこととその他。私たちはそのどのカテゴリーの返答が使用されるか、それらはどの様な状況で使用されるかを研究した。謝罪の9つの応答は私どものオリジナルのカテゴリーである。私どもは、コーパスから謝罪の仕方の例を収集して、データドリブンの教材を試しに作成した。私どもは謝罪のスピーチアクトで、謝罪以外の意味に使用される場合の分析もしたが、これをした例は今までに見当たらない。
著者
大西 誠一郎 Ohnishi S.
出版者
名古屋大学教育学部
雑誌
名古屋大學教育學部紀要 (ISSN:03874796)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.35-39, 1965-10-10 (Released:2006-01-06)

国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。
著者
Cortes Maria Daisy S. Alcalde Jhoana V. Camacho Jose V. Jr.
出版者
大阪大学大学院国際公共政策研究科
雑誌
国際公共政策研究 (ISSN:13428101)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.75-88, 2012-03

This study examined the effects of computer games on school performance of high school students in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. Allowance, gender, peer group and year level positively affect student's decision to play while time spent on studying, year level, previous grade, number of books and time spent playing computer games are found to be significant in affecting student's performance. Results showed that the probability of a computer gamer to fail is 39%, given the student has more than four siblings, a previous grade of at most 84, lesser teachers, lesser hours on studying, living near a computer shop, and spends more hours playing computer games. Moreover, 60% of the students' daily allowance is spent on playing computer games.
著者
Hattanji Tsuyoshi Ueda Mariko Song Wonsuh Ishii Nobuyuki Hayakawa Yuichi S. Takaya Yasuhiko Matsukura Yukinori
出版者
Elsevier B.V.
雑誌
Geomorphology (ISSN:0169555X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.204, pp.485-492, 2014-01
被引用文献数
17

Field and laboratory experiments were performed to examine dissolution rates of limestone in stream flow. Field experiments were conducted in three stream sites (A–C) with different lithological or hydrological settings around a limestone plateau in the Abukuma Mts., Japan. Sites A and B are allogenic streams, which flow from non-limestone sources into dolines, and site C has a karst spring source. Tablets made of limestone from the same plateau with a diameter of 3.5 cm and a thickness of 1 cm were placed in the streams for 3 years (2008–2011) where alkalinity, pH and major cation concentrations were measured periodically. The saturation indices of calcite (SIc) of stream water were − 2.8 ± 0.4 at site A, − 2.5 ± 0.4 at site B and − 0.5 ± 0.4 at site C. Annual weight loss ratios for tablets were extremely high at site A (0.11–0.14 mg cm− 2 d− 1), high at site B (0.05 mg cm− 2 d− 1), and low at site C (0.005 mg cm− 2 d− 1). The contrasting rates of weight loss are mainly explained by chemical conditions of stream water. In addition, laboratory experiments for dissolution of limestone tablets using a flow-through apparatus revealed that flow conditions around the limestone tablet is another important factor for dissolution in the stream environment. These results revealed that limestone dissolves at a rapid rate where water unsaturated to calcite continuously flows, such as in an allogenic stream.
著者
Sekimoto S. Watanabe C. Minami H. Yamamoto T. Kashiwagi T. Klemm Richard A. Kadowaki K.
出版者
American Institute of Physics
雑誌
Applied physics letters (ISSN:00036951)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.103, no.18, pp.182601, 2013-10
被引用文献数
67 5

Using a modified mesa structure of high-Tc superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ with a thin underlaying base superconductor (∼3 μm), the effective working temperature of the continuous and monochromatic terahertz emitter is extended up to 70 K, and the maximum power of ∼30 μW at 0.44 THz is achieved at the relatively high temperature of T b = 55 K in a low bias current retrapping region. The diverging behavior of the intensity occurring at 55 K in the low current regime without hot spot formation may provide us an important clue for the stronger THz radiation from intrinsic Josephson junction devices.
著者
Katanuma I. Sato S. Okuyama Y. Kato S. Kubota R.
出版者
American Institute of Physics
雑誌
Physics of plasmas (ISSN:1070664X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, no.11, pp.112107, 2013-11

A particle simulation of an interchange instability was performed by taking into account the ion finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects. It is found that the interchange instability with large FLR grows in two phases, that is, linearly growing phase and the nonlinear phase subsequent to the linear phase, where the instability grows exponentially in both phases. The linear growth rates observed in the simulation agree well with the theoretical calculation. The effects of FLR are usually taken in the fluid simulation through the gyroviscosity, the effects of which are verified in the particle simulation with large FLR regime. The gyroviscous cancellation phenomenon observed in the particle simulation causes the drifts in the direction of ion diamagnetic drifts.
著者
Ryoko Kawakami Susumu S. Sawada Munehiro Matsushita Takashi Okamoto Koji Tsukamoto Mitsuru Higuchi Motohiko Miyachi
出版者
日本疫学会
雑誌
Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.JE20130076, (Released:2013-11-16)
参考文献数
23
被引用文献数
3 12

Background: In “Physical Activity Reference for Health Promotion 2013” the Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare publication gives reference values for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) required for good health. We examined the associations between the CRF reference values and incidence of type 2 diabetes.Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled 4633 nondiabetic Japanese men aged 20 to 39 years at baseline. CRF was measured using the cycle ergometer test, and maximal oxygen uptake was estimated. On the basis of the CRF reference value, participants were classified into 2 groups: those with values less than the reference value (under-RV) and those with values equal to or greater than reference value (over-RV). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for incident type 2 diabetes were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards model.Results: A total of 266 participants developed type 2 diabetes during the 14 years of follow-up. As compared with the under-RV group, the over-RV group had a significantly lower multivariable-adjusted HR for type 2 diabetes (HR 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51–0.89). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the optimal CRF cut-off value for predicting incident type 2 diabetes was 10.8 metabolic equivalents (sensitivity, 0.64; specificity, 0.64), which was close to the CRF reference value of 11.0 metabolic equivalents.Conclusions: The reference CRF value appears to be reasonably valid for prevention of type 2 diabetes, especially among Japanese men younger than 40 years. Development of type 2 diabetes can be prevented by maintaining a CRF level above the reference value.