著者

Ryugo S. HAYANO Masaharu TSUBOKURA Makoto MIYAZAKI Akihiko OZAKI Yuki SHIMADA Toshiyuki KAMBE Tsuyoshi NEMOTO Tomoyoshi OIKAWA Yukio KANAZAWA Masahiko NIHEI Yu SAKUMA Hiroaki SHIMMURA Junichi AKIYAMA Michio TOKIWA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.8, pp.440-446, 2015-10-09 (Released:2015-10-09)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

18 28

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BABYSCAN, a whole-body counter (WBC) for small children was developed in 2013, and units have been installed at three hospitals in Fukushima Prefecture. Between December, 2013 and March, 2015, 2707 children between the ages of 0 and 11 have been scanned, and none had detectable levels of radioactive cesium. The minimum detectable activities (MDAs) for 137Cs were ≤3.5 Bq kg−1 for ages 0–1, decreasing to ≤2 Bq kg−1 for ages 10–11. Including the 134Cs contribution, these translate to a maximum committed effective dose of ∼16 µSv y−1 even for newborn babies, and therefore the internal exposure risks can be considered negligibly small.Analysis of the questionnaire filled out by the parents of the scanned children regarding their families’ food and water consumption revealed that the majority of children residing in the town of Miharu regularly consume local or home-grown rice and vegetables, while in Minamisoma, a majority avoid tap water and produce from Fukushima. The data show, however, no correlation between consumption of locally produced food and water and the children’s body burdens.

著者

Ryugo S. HAYANO Masaharu TSUBOKURA Makoto MIYAZAKI Hideo SATOU Katsumi SATO Shin MASAKI Yu SAKUMA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.4, pp.157-163, 2013-04-11 (Released:2013-04-11)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

85 102

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The Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP accident contaminated the soil of densely-populated regions in Fukushima Prefecture with radioactive cesium, which poses significant risks of internal and external exposure to the residents. If we apply the knowledge of post-Chernobyl accident studies, internal exposures in excess of a few mSv/y would be expected to be frequent in Fukushima.Extensive whole-body-counter surveys (n = 32,811) carried out at the Hirata Central Hospital between October, 2011 and November, 2012, however show that the internal exposure levels of residents are much lower than estimated. In particular, the first sampling-bias-free assessment of the internal exposure of children in the town of Miharu, Fukushima, shows that the 137Cs body burdens of all children (n = 1,383, ages 6–15, covering 95% of children enrolled in town-operated schools) were below the detection limit of 300 Bq/body in the fall of 2012. These results are not conclusive for the prefecture as a whole, but are consistent with results obtained from other municipalities in the prefecture, and with prefectural data.(Communicated by Toshimitsu YAMAZAKI, M.J.A.)

著者

Rie Hayashi Hiroyasu Iso Kazumasa Yamagishi Hiroshi Yatsuya Isao Saito Yoshihiro Kokubo Ehab S. Eshak Norie Sawada Shoichiro Tsugane for the Japan Public Health Center-Based (JPHC) Prospective Study Group

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-18-0842, (Released:2019-03-06)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

27

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Background: Evidence from prospective cohort studies regarding the relationship between working hours and risk of cardiovascular disease is limited Methods and Results: The Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Cohort II involved 15,277 men aged 40–59 years at the baseline survey in 1993. Respondents were followed up until 2012. During the median 20 years of follow up (257,229 person-years), we observed 212 cases of acute myocardial infarction and 745 stroke events. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, cardiovascular risk factors, and occupation showed that multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) associated with overtime work of ≥11h/day were: 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–2.63) for acute myocardial infarction and 0.83 (95% CI 0.60–1.13) for total stroke, as compared with the reference group (working 7 to <9 h/day). In the multivariable model, increased risk of acute myocardial infarction associated with overtime work of ≥11 h/day was more evident among salaried employees (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.03–4.35) and men aged 50–59 years (HR 2.60, 95% CI 1.42–4.77). Conclusions: Among middle-aged Japanese men, working overtime is associated with a higher risk of acute myocardial infarction.

著者

Ryugo S. HAYANO Masaharu TSUBOKURA Makoto MIYAZAKI Hideo SATOU Katsumi SATO Shin MASAKI Yu SAKUMA

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.3, pp.92-98, 2015-03-11 (Released:2015-03-11)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

4 7

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Comprehensive whole-body counter surveys of Miharu-town school children have been conducted for four consecutive years, in 2011–2014. This represents the only long-term sampling-bias-free study of its type conducted after the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident. For the first time in 2014, a new device called the Babyscan, which has a low 134/137Cs MDA of <50 Bq/body, was used to screen the children shorter than 130 cm. No child in this group was found to have detectable level of radiocesium. Using the MDAs, upper limits of daily intake of radiocesium were estimated for each child. For those screened with the Babyscan, the upper intake limits were found to be ≲1 Bq/day for 137Cs. Analysis of a questionnaire filled out by the children’s parents regarding their food and water consumption shows that the majority of Miharu children regularly consume local and/or home-grown rice and vegetables. This however does not increase the body burden.

著者

Ryugo S. HAYANO Masaharu TSUBOKURA Makoto MIYAZAKI Hideo SATOU Katsumi SATO Shin MASAKI Yu SAKUMA

出版者

日本学士院

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.90, no.6, pp.211-213, 2014-06-11 (Released:2014-06-11)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

3 5

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Comprehensive whole-body counter surveys covering over 93% of the school children between the ages of 6 and 15 in Miharu town, Fukushima Prefecture, have been conducted for three consecutive years, in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Although the results of a questionnaire indicate that approximately 60% of the children have been regularly eating local or home-grown rice, in 2012 and 2013 no child was found to exceed the 137Cs detection limit of 300 Bq/body.

著者

Akira S. Hirao Atsushi Kumata Toshihito Takagi Yoshito Sasaki Takashi Shigihara Eiichi Kimura Shingo Kaneko

出版者

The Mycological Society of Japan

雑誌

Mycoscience (ISSN:13403540)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.79-87, 2022-05-31 (Released:2022-05-31)

参考文献数

45

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Pholiota microspora (“nameko” in Japanese) is one of the most common edible mushrooms, especially in Japan, where sawdust-based cultivation is the most dominant method accounting for 99% of the production. The current strains for sawdust cultivation in Japan are considered to have been derived from a single wild strain collected from Fukushima, Japan, implying that commercial nameko mushrooms are derived from a severe genetic bottleneck. We tested this single founder hypothesis by developing 14 microsatellite markers for P. microspora to evaluate the genetic diversity of 50 cultivars and 73 wild strains isolated from across Japan. Microsatellite analysis demonstrated that sawdust-cultivated strains from Japan were significantly less genetically diverse than the wild strains, and the former displayed a significant bottleneck signature. Analyzing the genetic relationships among all genotypes also revealed that the sawdust-cultivated samples clustered into one monophyletic subgroup. Moreover, the sawdust-cultivated samples in Japan were more closely related than full-sibs. These results were consistent with the single founder hypothesis that suggests that all commercial nameko mushrooms produced in Japan are descendants of a single ancestor. Therefore, we conclude that cultivated P. microspora originated from a single domestication event that substantially reduced the diversity of commercial nameko mushrooms in Japan.

著者

Ryugo S. HAYANO Ryutaro ADACHI

出版者

The Japan Academy

雑誌

Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (ISSN:03862208)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.196-199, 2013-05-10 (Released:2013-05-10)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

12 27

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The first objective data showing the geographical locations of people in Fukushima after the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident, obtained by an analysis of GPS (Global Positioning System)-enabled mobile phone logs, are presented. The method of estimation is explained, and the flow of people into and out of the 20 km evacuation zone during the accident is visualized.(Communicated by Toshimitsu YAMAZAKI, M.J.A.)

著者

ALTSCHUL S. F.

雑誌

Nucleic Acids Res.

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.17, pp.3389-3402, 1997

被引用文献数

549 56118

著者

Nuraly S. Akimbekov Ilya Digel Dinara K. Sherelkhan Afzalunnessa B. Lutfor Mohammed S. Razzaque

出版者

JAPAN SOCIETY OF HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOCHEMISTRY

雑誌

ACTA HISTOCHEMICA ET CYTOCHEMICA (ISSN:00445991)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.3, pp.33-42, 2020-06-26 (Released:2020-06-26)

参考文献数

100

被引用文献数

12 63

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There is a growing body of evidence for the effects of vitamin D on intestinal host-microbiome interactions related to gut dysbiosis and bowel inflammation. This brief review highlights the potential links between vitamin D and gut health, emphasizing the role of vitamin D in microbiological and immunological mechanisms of inflammatory bowel diseases. A comprehensive literature search was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar using combinations of keywords “vitamin D,” “intestines,” “gut microflora,” “bowel inflammation”. Only articles published in English and related to the study topic are included in the review. We discuss how vitamin D (a) modulates intestinal microbiome function, (b) controls antimicrobial peptide expression, and (c) has a protective effect on epithelial barriers in the gut mucosa. Vitamin D and its nuclear receptor (VDR) regulate intestinal barrier integrity, and control innate and adaptive immunity in the gut. Metabolites from the gut microbiota may also regulate expression of VDR, while vitamin D may influence the gut microbiota and exert anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects. The underlying mechanism of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of bowel diseases is not fully understood, but maintaining an optimal vitamin D status appears to be beneficial for gut health. Future studies will shed light on the molecular mechanisms through which vitamin D and VDR interactions affect intestinal mucosal immunity, pathogen invasion, symbiont colonization, and antimicrobial peptide expression.

著者

Teresa S. Encarnacion Tadem

出版者

Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University

雑誌

Southeast Asian Studies (ISSN:21867275)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.35-71, 2016 (Released:2016-05-20)

参考文献数

35

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The influence of a technocratic network in the Philippines that was formed around Cesar E. A. Virata, prime minister under Ferdinand Marcos, rose during the martial law period (1972–86), when technocracy was pushed to the forefront of economic policy making. Applying concepts of networks, this essay traces the rise and eventual collapse of Virata’s network to a three-dimensional interplay of relationships—between Virata and Marcos, Virata and the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, and Marcos and the United States. Virata’s close links to social, academic, US, and business community networks initially thrust him into government, where he shared Marcos’s goal of attracting foreign investments to build an export-oriented economy. Charged with obtaining IMF and World Bank loans, Virata’s network was closely joined to Marcos as the principal political hub. Virata, however, had to contend with the networks of Marcos’s wife, Imelda, and the president’s “chief cronies.” While IMF and World Bank support offered Virata some leverage, his network could not control Imelda Marcos’s profligacy or the cronies’ sugar and coconut monopolies. In Virata’s own assessment, his network was weakened when Marcos’s health failed during an economic crisis in 1981 and after Benigno Aquino’s assassination in 1983. In those crises, Imelda Marcos’s network and Armed Forces Chief of Staff General Fabian Ver’s faction of the military network took power amidst the rise of an anti-dictatorship movement. The United States’ switch of support from Marcos to Corazon Aquino sealed the demise of Virata’s network.

著者

Nobuo R. Sayanagi Tsinjo Randriamanana Harisoa S. A. Razafimbelonaina Nirina Rabemanantsoa Henri L. Abel-Ratovo Shigeki Yokoyama

出版者

Japan Society of Personality Psychology

雑誌

パーソナリティ研究 (ISSN:13488406)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.56-69, 2021-09-06 (Released:2021-09-06)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

4

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This series of studies initially aimed to develop a scale to measure the motivation, based on the self-determination theory, of rural farmers in Madagascar toward an agricultural training program. Considering the low rate of literacy, the Likert scales were designed to be administered orally. However, there were several unforeseen challenges in psychological measurement that hindered the development of the scales. Despite several revisions, responses to the questions lacked sufficient variance for the first four studies. The scale produced in the fifth study attained marginally satisfactory variance and internal consistency. The final version of the scale asked questions in the second person and measured the respondents’ frequency of thoughts, instead of their degree of agreement with a first-person statement as is common in many scales. The possible reasons behind the lack of variance when answering in degrees are discussed. The challenges involved in the quantitative psychological measurement of impoverished populations, as well as considerations for future research in poverty contexts are also discussed.

著者

Naveen CHANDRA Prabir K. PATRA Jagat S. H. BISHT 伊藤 昭彦 梅澤 拓 三枝 信子 森本 真司 青木 周司 Greet JANSSENS-MAENHOUT 藤田 遼 滝川 雅之 渡辺 真吾 齋藤 尚子 Josep G. CANADELL

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.2, pp.309-337, 2021 (Released:2021-04-15)

参考文献数

92

被引用文献数

6 38

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メタン(CH4)は主要な温室効果気体の一つであり、対流圏および成層圏における化学過程にも重要な役割を果たしている。気候変動および大気汚染に関するCH4の影響は非常に大きいが、過去30年間のCH4濃度増加率や経年変動の要因については、未だ科学的な確証が得られていない。本研究は、十分に検証された化学輸送モデルを用いて、1988年から2016年の期間を対象に大気中CH4濃度をシミュレートし、逆解析によって地域別CH4排出量を推定した。まず、標準実験としてOHラジカルの季節変動のみを考慮し、大気中CH4濃度の観測データを用いた逆解法モデル、排出インベントリ、湿地モデル、およびδ13C-CH4のボックスモデルを用いた解析を行ったところ、1988年以降におけるヨーロッパとロシアでのCH4排出量の減少が示された。特に、石油・天然ガス採掘と畜産由来の排出量の減少が1990年代のCH4増加率の減少に寄与していることが明らかとなった。その後、2000年代初頭には大気中CH4濃度が準定常状態になった。 2007年からはCH4濃度は再び増加に転じたが、これは主に中国の炭鉱からの排出量の増加と熱帯域での畜産の拡大によるものと推定された。OHラジカルの年々変動を考慮した感度実験を行ったところ、逆解析による中高緯度域からのCH4排出推定量はOHラジカルの年々変動には影響されないことが示された。さらに,我々は全球的なCH4排出量が低緯度側へシフトしたことと熱帯域でのOHラジカルによるCH4消失の増加が相殺したことによって、南半球熱帯域と北半球高緯度域の間のCH4濃度の勾配は1988-2016年の間にわたってほとんど変化していなかったことを明らかにした。このような排出地域の南北方向のシフトは、衛星によるCH4カラム観測の全球分布からも確認された。今回の解析期間には、北極域を含めて地球温暖化によるCH4排出量の増加は確認できなかった。これらの解析結果は、気候変動の緩和へ向けた効果的な排出削減策を行う上で重要な排出部門を特定することに貢献できると思われる。

著者

Akira Iwase Arika Takebayashi Yuki Aoi David S Favero Shunsuke Watanabe Mitsunori Seo Hiroyuki Kasahara Keiko Sugimoto

出版者

Japanese Society for Plant Biotechnology

雑誌

Plant Biotechnology (ISSN:13424580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.51-58, 2022-03-25 (Released:2022-03-25)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4

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4-Phenylbutyric acid (4PBA) is utilized as a drug to treat urea cycle disorders and is also being studied as a potential anticancer drug that acts via its histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor activity. During a search to find small molecules that affect plant regeneration in Arabidopsis, we found that 4PBA treatment promotes this process by mimicking the effect of exogenous auxin. Specifically, plant tissue culture experiments revealed that a medium containing 4PBA enhances callus formation and subsequent shoot regeneration. Analyses with auxin-responsive or cytokinin-responsive marker lines demonstrated that 4PBA specifically enhances AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF)-dependent auxin responses. Our western blot analyses showed that 4PBA treatment does not enhance histone acetylation in Arabidopsis, in contrast to butyric acid and trichostatin A, other chemicals often used as HDAC inhibitors, suggesting this mechanism of action does not explain the observed effect of 4PBA on regeneration. Finally, mass spectroscopic analysis and genetic approaches uncovered that 4PBA in Arabidopsis plants is converted to phenylacetic acid (PAA), a known natural auxin, in a manner independent of peroxisomal IBR3-related β-oxidation. This study demonstrates that 4PBA application promotes regeneration in explants via its auxin activity and has potential applications to not only plant tissue culture engineering but also research on the plant β-oxidation pathway.

著者

矢澤 久史 Hisashi YAZAWA 東海女子大学 TOKAI WOMEN'S COLLEGE

出版者

東海女子大学

雑誌

東海女子大学紀要 (ISSN:02870525)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.109-117, 2002

著者

CHANDRA Naveen PATRA Prabir K. BISHT Jagat S. H. ITO Akihiko UMEZAWA Taku SAIGUSA Nobuko MORIMOTO Shinji AOKI Shuji JANSSENS-MAENHOUT Greet FUJITA Ryo TAKIGAWA Masayuki WATANABE Shingo SAITOH Naoko CANADELL Josep G.

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2021-015, (Released:2020-12-04)

被引用文献数

38

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Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas and plays a significant role in tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. Despite the relevance of methane (CH4) in human-induced climate change and air pollution chemistry, there is no scientific consensus on the causes of changes in its growth rates and variability over the past three decades. We use a well-validated chemistry-transport model for simulating CH4 concentration and estimation of regional CH4 emissions by inverse modelling for the period of 1988-2016. The control simulations are performed using a seasonally varying hydroxyl (OH) concentrations and assumed no interannual variability. Using inverse modelling of atmospheric observations, emission inventories, a wetland model, and a δ13C-CH4 box model, we show that reductions in emissions from Europe and Russia since 1988, particularly from oil-gas exploitation and enteric fermentation, led to decreased CH4 growth rates in the 1990s. This period was followed by a quasi-stationary state of CH4 in the atmosphere during the early 2000s. CH4 resumed growth from 2007, which we attribute to increases in emissions from coal mining mainly in China and intensification of ruminant farming in tropical regions. A sensitivity simulation using interannually varying OH shows that regional emission estimates by inversion are unaffected for the mid- and high latitude areas. We show that meridional shift in CH4 emissions toward the lower latitudes and the increase in CH4 loss by hydroxyl (OH) over the tropics finely balance out, which keep the CH4 gradients between the southern hemispheric tropical and polar sites relatively unchanged during 1988-2016. The latitudinal emissions shift is confirmed using the global distributions of the total column CH4 observations by satellite remote sensing. There is no evidence of emission enhancement due to climate warming, including the boreal regions, during our analysis period. These findings highlight key sectors for effective emission reduction strategies toward climate change mitigation.

著者

Erwin S. Fernandez

出版者

Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University

雑誌

Southeast Asian Studies (ISSN:21867275)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.185-188, 2012-04-30 (Released:2017-03-30)

著者

山本 裕子 Yuko S. Yamamoto

巻号頁・発行日

2011

著者

Kazue Ishitsuka Mayumi Tsuji Megumi Yamamoto Rie Tanaka Reiko Suga Mami Kuwamura Toshihide Sakuragi Masayuki Shimono Koichi Kusuhara the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group

出版者

The Japanese Society for Hygiene

雑誌

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (ISSN:1342078X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.47, 2023 (Released:2023-08-30)

参考文献数

50

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Background: Fish are a rich source of essential nutrients that protect against preterm birth. However, as fish can absorb environmental pollutants, their consumption can also increase the risk of preterm birth. This study aimed to assess whether maternal fish consumption during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth in a nationwide large Japanese cohort that consumed relatively high amounts and many types of fish.Methods: This study included 81,428 mother-child pairs enrolled in a nationwide prospective Japanese birth cohort study. Fish consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the association of total consumption of fish, fatty fish and lean fish, fish paste, and seafood and clams with preterm birth, adjusted for potential confounders.Results: There was no association between overall fish consumption and preterm births. However, the highest quintile of fish paste consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (odds ratio [OR]: 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI: 1.04, 1.17]). The consumption of baked fish paste at least three times per week was significantly associated with preterm birth (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.40). Consumption of other types of fish, except fish paste, was not significantly associated with preterm birth risk.Conclusions: Fish paste consumption may increase the risk of preterm birth. Further studies are required to confirm this association.

著者

L.S.B. Leakey

出版者

Academic Press

巻号頁・発行日

1977

著者

Sushil K. TANDON Swaran J.S. FLORA Surendra SINGH

出版者

National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health

雑誌

Industrial Health (ISSN:00198366)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.93-96, 1987 (Released:2008-04-17)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

7 10