著者

蔵永 瞳 樋口 匡貴 福田 哲也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.89.16070, (Released:2018-02-20)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

2

---

The purpose of this study was to explain the psychological process of exhibiting prosocial behaviors after a person receives gratitude. The results of a preliminary survey indicated that psychological responses are organized into six categories for people who receive gratitude and five categories for those who do not receive it. Participants who participated in this study’s two main surveys completed questionnaires measuring their psychological responses and prosocial behaviors after receiving or not receiving gratitude. Participants in Survey 1 recalled their experiences of receiving or not receiving gratitude from their friends after exhibiting prosocial behaviors, whereas Survey 2 participants recalled their experiences of receiving or not receiving gratitude from strangers. Regression analysis showed that among participants who received gratitude from others, the “affirmative responses to one’s own behavior” promoted a wide variety of prosocial behaviors. Furthermore, a “desire to receive gratitude” promoted prosocial behaviors toward another person after not receiving gratitude.

著者

清水 裕士 大坊 郁夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13225, (Released:2014-10-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

2 1

---

The latent rank structure of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) was examined and a methodology for “ranking assessment” for use in clinical screening was suggested. Clinical screening is conducted by using dichotomous methods, which is problematic. Recent research has introduced the concept of ranking assessment, which is conducted by dividing clients into ordinal groups according to the Latent Rank Theory (LRT). Participants (N = 949, including 80 neurotic patients) completed the GHQ. They were then divided into four ordinal groups according to LRT. The usual cut-off point of the GHQ (16/17 points) distinguished the third and fourth rank group as the clinical group and the first-rank group as the healthy group. However, the second rank group was classified as neither a healthy or clinical group. These results indicate that the LRT has the potential to facilitate practical and flexible clinical screening.

著者

阪井 俊文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.4, pp.390-397, 2007-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2 1

---

The relationship between sexism and mate preference was investigated to elucidate characteristics of sexist courtship styles. A relationship with an opposite-sex partner is a contradiction for sexist individuals because they seek an opposite-sex partner despite their discriminatory attitudes and beliefs regarding the opposite sex. Therefore, this study hypothesized that there would be a tendency for sexist individuals not to seek emotional bonds with their partners, but to seek egocentric and instrumental relationships. Questionnaires were administered to university students (n=400). The results indicated that male sexists tended to emphasize the partner's physical attractiveness and female sexists tended to emphasize the partner's financial situation, physical attractiveness, and the desire for short-term relationships. These results were discussed in terms of sexist adaptation to opposite-sex relationships.

著者

元木 康介 石川 伸一 朴 宰佑

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.1, pp.52-67, 2021 (Released:2021-04-25)

参考文献数

108

被引用文献数

2

---

The potential use of insects as a novel food resource has recently attracted a great deal of attention because of their environmental and nutritional benefits. Nevertheless, despite growing interest in the use of insects as food, residents of economically developed countries tend not to accept insect-based foods. This study reviewed earlier reports of the literature of consumer acceptance of insect-based foods. Based on the literatures, this review established a theoretical model of acceptance of insect-based foods. Sensory attributes (e.g., taste, smell, appearance) and cognitive attributes (e.g., nutritional value, environmental benefits), and individual traits (e.g., gender, food neophobia, sensation seeking) might influence the acceptance of insect-based foods via emotional processing (e.g., disgust, anxiety, excitement, curiosity). The practical implications for industries and future prospects are discussed.

著者

片山 美由紀

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.5, pp.351-358, 1996-12-26 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

6 8

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Although self-disclosure after a negative experience may be good for our adjustment, we also feel hesitant to do so. This study investigated the relationship between self-esteem and hesitancy to disclose negative information about one's self. One hundred and fifty-five undergraduates imagined self-disclosure to a friend of high or low intimacy. They then answered a questionnaire concerning hesitancy to self-disclose negative information to friends, as well as expected negative consequences of such self disclosure. Main results were: (1) Low intimacy strongly affected the hesitancy. (2) Factor analysis of the negative consequences found three factors: interpersonal and intra-personal negative-effect, and no positive expectation. (3) Hesitancy of high self-esteem students was most affected by the interpersonal factor. Impression management may be the reason. (4) On the other hand, low students tended to feel hurt after negative self-disclosure. Theirs was affected by the intra-personal and no positive expectation factors. Defensiveness may be the reason. The results were discussed from the viewpoint of adjustment when people have had a negative experience.

著者

石川 健太 山口 美和子 澤 幸祐 高田 夏子 大久保 街亜

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.87-92, 2014-04-25 (Released:2014-04-15)

参考文献数

33

---

This study investigated the effect of interpersonal dependency on judgments of gaze direction of individuals with different facial expressions. Based on interpersonal dependency scores, 46 participants were divided into two groups (high interpersonal dependency and low interpersonal dependency). Participants judged the gaze direction of photographs of faces with angry, neutral or happy expressions. Relative to the low interpersonal dependency group, the high interpersonal dependency group was more accurate in the judgments of gaze direction. This tendency was more salient for the happy and neutral expressions than for the angry expressions. Since people with high interpersonal dependency are highly motivated to seek support from others, this result suggests that they are sensitive to signals with pro-social information such as the gaze direction of others with positive attitudes.

著者

新美 亮輔 山田 真也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.91, no.2, pp.94-104, 2020 (Released:2020-06-25)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

2

---

Faces and clothing are clues to interpersonal perception. However, it is not known whether perceptions of faces and clothing are interacting with each other. We examined the effects of facial attractiveness on subjective ratings of clothing attractiveness. Participants were shown pictures of a person wearing a T-shirt in which the faces and shirt designs were manipulated. The faces were either male or female, attractive or unattractive. Participants were instructed to rate the attractiveness of the shirts, not the faces. Nevertheless, attractive female faces increased shirt attractiveness ratings, irrespective of the participant’s gender. Attractive male faces only slightly increased shirt attractiveness ratings. Gender differences and individual variability in visual attention were not responsible for these effects. The current results more likely reflect social or cultural factors, such as the higher priority placed on female facial attractiveness than male facial attractiveness in today’s society.

著者

遊間 義一 金澤 雄一郎 河原 哲雄 東條 真希 荻原 彩佳 石田 祥子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.2, pp.129-138, 2022 (Released:2022-06-25)

参考文献数

28

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This study aimed to develop a Japanese version of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) using Psychology Experiment Building Language based on the English version. Additionally, we tested the equivalence of these versions using a biological equivalence test. We randomly assigned 63 undergraduate and graduate students from several Japanese universities to our parallel design experiment. We evaluated equivalence by determining differences between the logs of the number of cards chosen from the advantageous decks in the Japanese and English versions in five blocks. We defined an equivalence margin as ± 30% (log (0.70 = -0.36, log (1/0.70) = 0.36, for log-transformation). All two-sided 90% family-wise confidence intervals in the five blocks were within the equivalence margin. Our results confirmed the equivalence of the Japanese and English versions of the IGT. The Japanese version can be used with the compiled executables and source code without charge. Future comparative studies should evaluate the IGT on Japanese samples or between samples from Japan and other countries.

著者

渡辺 匠 唐沢 かおり

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.20-27, 2013 (Released:2013-07-01)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

---

This article examines the effects of language use on explicit and implicit attitudes. We employed the matched-guise technique to measure participants' impressions of standard-Japanese and Osaka-dialect speakers. Implicit attitudes were assessed by the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The Osaka-dialect speaker was evaluated as warmer than the standard-Japanese speaker, suggesting that explicit attitudes toward the Osaka dialect have changed positively. On the other hand, the results for the impression of intelligence were consistent with the previous literature that the standard-Japanese speaker was seen as more intelligent than the Osaka-dialect speaker. Compared with explicit attitudes, the analyses of implicit attitudes revealed that participants showed a consistent implicit bias favoring standard-Japanese language use. The changing processes and relationships of explicit and implicit attitudes were discussed.

著者

上田 真名美 多田 奏恵 長谷川 龍樹 近藤 洋史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93.22301, (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

25

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When we recognize self, it is necessary to integrate sensory information from the environment with information from inside the body. However, it is unclear whether all individuals have the same susceptibility to exteroception and interoception. The present study investigated relationships between sensory-processing sensitivity and interoceptive awareness through self-reporting measures. Two hundred and one healthy people (21–60 years old) completed the highly sensitive person (HSP) scale and the multidimensional assessment of interoceptive awareness (MAIA). Consistent with previous findings, a bifactor model provided a better fit to the HSP scale data. Latent profile analysis showed the existence of high and low HSP groups. Factor analysis revealed that two factors, “Environmental Sensitivity” and “Bodily Sensitivity,” were extracted from the HSP scale and MAIA. This suggests that sensitivity to exteroception is functionally separable from that of interoception within each individual.

著者

二本松 直人 若島 孔文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93.21203, (Released:2022-08-30)

参考文献数

39

---

In this study, the Public Assistance Caseworker’s Stressors Inventory (PAC-SI) was developed and its reliability and validity were examined. In addition, we examined how social and institutional stressors, the work environment, and individual-level stressors worsen mental health. Factor analyses were conducted on the 54 items of the original version of the PAC-SI, which was developed through a preliminary survey. The results showed a five-factor structure with 22 items. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated for reliability, and a value of .70 or higher was confirmed for each factor. Criterion-related validity showed that the PAC-SI was positively correlated with the Job Stress Scale-Revised Version (JSS-R). Therefore, the PAC-SI was confirmed to be sufficiently reliable and valid. The study also suggested that public assistance caseworkers can suffer deteriorating mental health due to individual-level stressors, which originate from social and institutional stressors and stressors caused by the work environment. This scale may be useful as a tool for labor management in public assistance departments, and subsequent studies are needed to reduce the three-layered structure of stressors.

著者

山岡 明奈 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15057, (Released:2016-09-10)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

11

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An “incubation period” refers to an individual’s temporary shift away from an unsolved problem, which ultimately facilitates better problem solving. In this study, we experimentally examined whether creative problem solving was facilitated in accordance with the frequency of mind-wandering during an incubation period. Fifty-nine Japanese undergraduate participants (23 men and 36 women) were asked to complete the Unusual Uses Test (UUT) twice; the UUT is a traditional measurement of the various aspects of divergent thinking (including fluency, flexibility, and originality). They were also asked to rate the frequency in which they engaged in mind-wandering during the interval between UUTs, which was considered as the incubation period. The results indicated that participants who reported a higher frequency of mind-wandering during incubation exhibited more creative solutions on the UUT, especially in terms of flexibility and originality, than did those reporting a lower frequency of mind-wandering.

著者

橋本 泰央 小塩 真司

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.93.20236, (Released:2022-06-30)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2

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This study examined the historical changes in the social desirability of 388 descriptive personality words between 1970 and 2020 in Japan. The participants, 353 university students (all men, mean age = 19.9) and 373 employees (all men, mean age = 45.3), rated the social desirability of descriptive personality words. We compared the results obtained in this survey with those of a previous study (Aoki, 1971) and tested for stochastic equality of the two samples. The results indicated that the social desirability for hard-working and diligent descriptive personality words significantly declined over fifty years. A similar tendency was observed in the university students’ sample. We discuss these results by referring to the chronological changes in employers’ preferences in Japanese companies.

著者

石黒 千晶 岡田 猛

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.17056, (Released:2018-11-15)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3

---

Through art appreciation, viewers are sometimes inspired to express or implement creative ideas. Such an experience is thought to be important for art learning. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire to examine how art appreciation promotes creative inspiration in non-experts. We hypothesized that: (a) individual experience with art-related activities and self-evaluation of artistic expression affect creative inspiration, mediated by the method of appreciation of artworks; and (b) the type of artworks affects creative inspiration, mediated by the method of appreciation of artworks. The participants were 373 adults, who were not art professionals (179 women, age: M = 45.02, SD = 13.45, range: 20–69 years). The data were analyzed using structured equation modeling for the two hypotheses. The two hypotheses were mostly supported, suggesting that self-evaluation of artistic expression and the type of artworks (especially classical works of art) influence creative inspiration, mediated by the method of appreciation of artworks. However, experience with art-related activities has no significant direct effect on the inspiration to create something.

著者

村本 由紀子 遠藤 由美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.87.15051, (Released:2016-09-10)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This is a micro-ethnographic study focusing on a traditional custom at Tōshi Island in Japan. When first-born sons in the island graduate from junior high school, they form a small group of neya-ko (quasi-brothers) and sleep over at neya-oyas’ (quasi-parents) house every night until they become 26 years old. They keep the quasi-family relationship alive and help each other all through life. We investigated the maintenance process of this cultural custom by participant observations and unstructured interviews. Because of the recent drastic environmental changes around the island, people face difficulties maintaining the custom. In spite of these circumstances, they have been able to maintain the custom not by challenging the environmental changes, but by constantly changing the custom itself to fit the environment. Their flexible decision making may derive from their ecological basis as fishermen. Based on the findings, we discuss the sustainability of cultural customs facing environmental changes.

著者

湯川 進太郎 吉田 富二雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.94-103, 1999-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

29

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This study investigated whether cognitions and emotions elicited by media violence mediate aggressive behavior. Eighty undergraduates, 40 men and 40 women, participated in the experiment. First, subjects were exposed to one of four violent videos which varied in levels of violence and entertainment. Subjects' heart rate and eyeblink rate were continuously recorded while they watched the video. After watching it, subjects described their thoughts which occurred while watching it and rated their affective reactions to it. Finally, their aggressive behavior was measured. Results showed that (1) videos high in violence elicited more aggressive thoughts, more thoughts of negative affect, stronger negative affects, and stronger empty-powerless affects, whereas videos high in entertainment elicited stronger positive affects; (2) no significant differences were found among the videos in terms of physiological reactions and aggressive behavior; and (3) cognitions and emotions elicited by media violence did not mediate aggressive behavior.

著者

湯川 進太郎 遠藤 公久 吉田 富二雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.1-9, 2001-04-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

5 2

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This study investigated the effects of anger evoked by earlier provocation on cognition, emotion, and aggressive behavior after being exposed to media violence. Sixty male undergraduates participated in the experiment. Before viewing one of three videos (either highly violent, violent with high entertainment, or nonviolent), half of the subjects were provoked by a confederate posing as another subject. Subjects' heart rates and eyeblink rates were recorded while viewing the video. After viewing the video, subjects described their thoughts that occurred while watching the video and rated their affective reactions toward the video. Finally, subjects' agressive behavior toward the confederate was measured. Results of covariance structure analysis suggested that (a) anger evoked by provocation and high level of violence in videos additively elicited negative cognition and affect, which further facilitated aggressive behavior, and (b) high level of entertainment in videos elicited positive cognition and affect, which alleviated negative cognition and affect.

著者

永谷 文代 松嵜 順子 諏訪 絵里子 上西 裕之 谷池 雅子 毛利 育子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.92.20226, (Released:2021-10-15)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1

---

The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Teacher form (BRIEF-T). This modified BRIEF-T was administered to 643 children (1st─6th grades) as a community group and 64 boys with ASD and/or ADHD as a clinical group. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the modified rating scale had a two-factor structure, corresponding to its original version. Additionally, the results indicated that the scale had high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity. Furthermore, upon setting the cutoff point at mean + 1.5 SD based on the original version, 3.3─9.7% of boys and 5.7─10.1% of girls in the community group were estimated to have executive dysfunction. In the clinical group, the discriminative power was low in the 1st and 2nd grades but was appropriate in children in the 3rd to 6th grades. These findings suggest that the Japanese version of BRIEF-T is reliable and valid, and could be an effective method for the screening children suffering from executive dysfunction.

著者

布井 雅人 吉川 左紀子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.4, pp.364-373, 2016 (Released:2016-10-25)

参考文献数

16

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Our preferences are influenced by the presence of others. However, it is unclear how the simultaneous presence of multiple others influences preference judgment. In this study, we presented multiple happy or disgust face images around a target and examined their influence on target preference. In Experiment 1, we presented only happy or disgust faces in order to examine the influence of quantity. In Experiment 2 and 3, we manipulated the ratio of happy or disgust and neutral faces. Findings revealed that the happy face increased the target preference and its effect varied by the ratio of happy faces. On the other hand, the disgust face decreased the target preference only if there was one such face. These results indicate that although the numeric information of others’ facial expressions influences preference judgment, this influence differs with the nature of others’ expressions.

著者

櫻井 成美

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.203-210, 1999-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

24 13

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This study focused on the moderating effects of positive appraisal of family caregivers of older people on caregiving burden. In Study 1, 16 original items of the Caregiving Burden Scale and 14 original items of the Positive Appraisal Scale were administered 140 caregivers. By factor analysis, the Caregiving Burden Scale was divided into four subscales named: “Restriction of freedom (Kosoku-kan)”; “Wish to give up caregiving (Genkai-kan)”; “Family trouble (Taijin-katto)”; and “Economic restraint (Keizaiteki-futan)”. The positive appraisal scale was also divided into three subscales named “Caregiving satisfaction (Manzoku-kan)”, “Caregiver's self-growth (Jiko-seicho-kan)”, and “Will to continue-care-giving (Kaigo-keizoku-ishi)”. In Study 2, 306 caregivers completed the Caregiving Burden Scale and Positive Appraisal Scale. The results indicated that; (a) positive appraisal moderated caregiver's wish to give up caregiving (“Genkai-kan”); (b) Caregiving satisfaction (“Manzoku-kan”) was more effective than caregiver's self-growth (“Jiko-seicho-kan”); (c) moderating patterns varied by the combination of stressor, burden and positive appraisal.