著者

黒川 泰嗣 岩橋 眞南実 柳岡 拓磨 長谷川 博

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.193-203, 2022-04-01 (Released:2022-03-14)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

1

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Prolonged exercise in a hot environment increases the minute ventilation (VE) and respiratory rate (RR) with an increase in core temperature. This hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation decreases the partial pressure of arterial blood carbon dioxide (PaCO2). Conversely, nasal breathing during exercise has been reported to produce low VE and RR values and high PaCO2 values; however, no studies have investigated this in hot environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of nasal breathing on estimated partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2,estimate) during prolonged exercise in a hot environment. Twelve university endurance athletes participated in the study and performed a 40-minutes steady-state cycling exercise at an intensity of 55% of peak oxygen uptake in a hot environment (room temperature 35℃, relative humidity 40%). Using randomized crossover design, two experiments were performed—nasal breathing condition (NB) and mouth breathing condition (MB). Moreover, physiological indices were measured during the exercise. Rectal temperature increased in both conditions, but there was no significant difference between these conditions. PaCO2,estimate values were significantly higher in NB between 10 minutes and 40 minutes of exercise (p < 0.05) compared to MB, and decreased with time in MB. Compared to MB, the VE was significantly lower in NB between 30 minutes and 40 minutes (p < 0.05), while the RR was significantly lower in NB between 25 minutes and 40 minutes of exercise (p < 0.05). Therefore, nasal breathing during a prolonged moderate-intensity exercise in a hot environment prevented the decrease in PaCO2,estimate due to hyperthermia-induced hyperventilation.

著者

田渕 鳴利

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.67, 2020

著者

塩野 祐也 檀上 弘晃 上田 真也 吉田 智美 鉄口 宗弘 小山 健藏 三村 寛一

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, 2006-06-01

著者

久保 啓太郎 川上 泰雄 金久 博昭 福永 哲夫

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.5, pp.597-605, 1999-10-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

4 5

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the viscoelastic properties of tendon structures in humans. Elongation of the tendon and aponeurosis of medial gastrocnemius muscle (MG) was directly measured by ultrasonography, while subjects (N=12) performed ramp isometric plantar flexion up to the voluntary maximum, followed by a ramp relaxation. The relationship between estimated muscle force (Ff) and tendon elongation (dL) was fitted to a linear regression, the slope of which was defined as stiffness of the tendon structures. The hysteresis was calculated as the ratio of the area within the Ff-dL loop (elastic energy dissipated) to the area beneath the load portion of the curve (elastic energy input) . The resulting Ff-dL relationship was non-linear in form, as previously reported on animal and human tendons in vitro. The mean stiffness was 24.0±5.6 N/mm. However, there was a considerable inter-subject variability (15.8 to 36.8 N/mm) . The Young's modulus, i. e., the slope of the stress-strain curve, was 280 MPa, which tended to be lower than the previously reported values for human tendons. It was also found that the strain of the tendon structures was homogeneously distributed along its length. The mean hysteresis (energy dissipation) was 23.4±12.4%. However, again there was a considerable inter-subject variability (8.7 to 39.3%) . The present results indicated that the tendon structures of human MG was considerably compliant and its hysteresis was in accordance with previously reported values.

著者

平木場 浩二 丸山 敦夫 美坂 幸治

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.1, pp.69-77, 1990-02-01 (Released:2010-12-10)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

4 4

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本研究の目的は, CO2過剰排出量 (CO2excess) と持久性能力の関連性を明らかにするために, 長距離走者と一般人の乳酸蓄積の結果生じるCO2excessを比較するとともに, CO2excessと持久性パフォーマンスとの関係について検討することであった.18才から22才の男子長距離走者6名 (LDR群) および21才から24才の健康な一般成人男子4名 (CON群) を対象とし, 自転車エルゴメーターでの負荷漸増法による最大下および最大運動テストと12分間全力走を実施して, それらの運動テストで得られたVO2max, VO2AT, CO2excessおよび12分間全力走パフォーマンスとの関係を検討した.本研究で得られた結果の要約は以下の通りである.1) CO2excess (ml) は, LDR群3, 442±677ml, CON群2, 677±437mlの値であったが, 両群間に有意な差はなかった.体重当りに換算したCO2excess/w (ml・kg-1) は, CON群 (40.3±3.54) と比較して, LDR群 (59.1±9.07) が有意に高い値を示した (p<0.01) .2) ΔLA (安静から運動直後1分目までの血中LAの増加分) に対するCO2excess/wの比率 (CO2excess/w/ΔLA) は, LDR群 (5.59±1.16ml・kg-1・mmol-1) がCON群 (4.46±0.69ml・kg-1・mmol-1) より高値を示す傾向にはあったが, 両群間に有意な差は認められなかった.3) CO2excess (ml) は, VO2maxとは有意に相関しなかったが, VO2ATとは有意に相関していた (r=0.763, p<0.05) .体重当りに換算したCO2excess/w (ml・kg-1) とVO2maxおよびVO2ATとの間にはそれぞれr=0.822 (p<0.01) , r=0.892 (p<0.001) の高い有意の相関係数が認められ, 体重当りのCO2excess (ml・kg-1) と持久性能力との間に関連性のあることが確認された.さらに, ΔHCO3- (安静から運動直後1分目までの血中HCO3-の減少分) とも有意の相関関係が認められた (r=0.649, p<0.05) .4) 持久性パフォーマンスの指標として採用した12分間全力走の走行距離とCO2excess (ml) およびCO2excess/w (ml・kg-1) との間にはそれぞれr=0.715 (p<0.05) , r=0.933 (p<0.001) の有意な相関関係が得られ, CO2excessの相対値 (ml・kg-1) の方が持久性パフォーマンスと密接に関連することが認められた.また, CO2excess/w/ΔLAの比率との間にも有意な相関のあることが示された (r=0.671, p<0.05) .5) 以上の結果から, 体重当りのCO2excess (ml・kg-1) およびCO2excess/w/ΔLAの比率には持久性能力と関連性があり, 乳酸蓄積を伴う比較的高強度の身体活動の維持が要求される持久性競技 (例えば, 3, 000~5, 000M走) のパフオーマンスを評価する上で重要な因子となることが示唆された.

著者

中島 早苗 李 ヒョンジン 李 鏑成 三上 俊夫

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.6, 2008-12-01

著者

門間 陽樹

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.42, 2022 (Released:2022-01-14)

著者

門間 陽樹 本田 貴紀

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.40, 2022 (Released:2022-01-14)

著者

本橋 紀夫

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.36, 2020 (Released:2020-01-21)

著者

崔 鳥淵 高橋 英幸 板井 悠二 高松 薫

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.119-129, 1998-02-01 (Released:2010-12-10)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

8 8

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本研究では, 筋力トレーニングにおける一般的な手段であるパワーアップ型手段とバルクアップ型手段の筋の形態および機能の面からみたトレーニング効果の相違を, 膝伸展運動による週2回, 8週間のトレーニング実験を通して比較検討した.被検者には, 健常な一般成人男子11名を用いた.パワーアップ型群 (5名) には, 1RMの90%の負荷で5セット行わせた.セット間には3分間の休息をとらせた (レペティション法) .一方, バルクアップ型群 (6名) には, 1RMの80~40%の負荷で9セット行わせた.セット間には30秒~3分間の休息をとらせた (インターバル法・マルチパウンデツジ法) .おもな結果は次の通りである.1.大腿四頭筋全体および大腿四頭筋を構成する各筋の筋断面積の増加率は, いずれもバルクアップ型群がパワーアップ型群より有意に高い値を示した.2.1RM, 等尺性最大膝伸展力および等速性最大膝伸展力 (角速度, 60・180・300deg/sec) の増加率は, 実測値および筋断面積あたりの相対値ともに, パワーアップ型群がバルクアップ型群より高い値を示した.このうち, 1RMの実測値, 60deg/secの角速度による等速性最大膝伸展力の実測値を除くすべての項目に有意差が認められた.3.等速性平均膝伸展力 (角速度, 180deg/sec; 試行回数, 50回) の増加率は, 実測値および筋断面積あたりの相対値ともに, バルクアップ型群がパワーアップ型群より有意に高い値を示した.また, 連続50回にわたる等速性膝伸展力の低下率は, トレーニングが進むにつれてバルクアップ型群では小さくなるのに対して, パワーアップ型群では顕著な変化は認められなかった.上述の結果は, パワーアップ型手段はおもに筋力・無気的パワーの増大に, バルクアップ型手段はおもに筋肥大および無気的持久力の増大にそれぞれ有効であることを示すものである.これらの結果は, 筋力トレーニングでは, 特性の異なるパワーアップ型手段とバルクアップ型手段を, 各人の目的に即して適切に使い分けることが重要であることを示唆するものである.

著者

井川 幸雄 鈴木 政登 塩田 正俊

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.1-10, 1985-02-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of commercial sports beverage intake after a thermal exposure on water-electrolytes balance.Nine healthy male volunteers with a mean age of 26.4 years, not heat acclimated, participated in a control experiment where no fluid was given (C experiment) . Five of them were given 500ml isotonic sports beverage containing Na+, K+, Cl-and glucose (S. B experiment) and/or 500 ml tap water (Wa experiment) immediately after sauna exposure. The nude subjects were exposed to a sauna with 65 to 70°C (r. h. 50 to 60%) for 30 min.Serum protein, electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-), creatinine, plasma aldosterone (Ald), and catecholamines concentrations and excretions of electrolytes and aldosterone into urine were measured before, and 3, 30, 60, and 120 min after the sauna. Serum and urinary osmolalities, blood pressure, rectal temperature (Tr), heart rate, oxygen consumption and weight loss were also measured.Body weight loss ranged from 50 to 750g. Serum protein, electrolytes and Ald concentrations increased significantly after the sauna. The enhanced levels of these variables and the depression of urine volume, urinary Na+excretion were maintained throughout the 2h recovery period in C experiment. Hydration associated with a reduced concentration of serum protein and electrolytes was observed at 30 min in S. B, at 60 min in Wa, and a dehydration occured again at 120 min both in S. B and Wa. A peak of urine volume was observed at 60 min in S. B and at 120 min in Wa during recovery. Free water clearance (CH2O) was -0.98 ml/min/100 ml GFR (Ccr) prior to the exposure. With no fluid administration after the sauna, an excess in negative water balance remained throughout the 2 h recovery. But CH2Ochanged from negative to positive at 60 and 120 min after sports beverage and/or water loadings.A significant elevation of % TRNa (0.33 to 1.14%) was maintained after the sauna in both C and Wa experiment. Plasma Aid concentration and excretion of Aid in urine after the exposure were higher in both C and Wa than in S. B experiment. The increased Tr did not return to the initial level throughout the recovery. No significant differences were observed among the three experiments in heart rate and blood pressure as well as Tr.The data indicate that salt deficit due to the sauna exposure was attenuated, but not prevented, by sports beverage intake, although the Aid secretion was alleviated. It is suggested that an over loading of sports beverage or water (i. e. 500 ml VS 50 to 750 g weight loss) leads to a marked and prompt water-diuresis, and to another dehydration. The increase of Tr as well as a partly salt deficit can be related to the rises in Ald secretion still observed at 2 h recovery.

著者

齊藤 訓英 山本 利春 笠原 政志

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.219-228, 2021-06-01 (Released:2021-05-13)

参考文献数

54

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A few studies have reported that nighttime sleep and daytime napping are significantly associated with sleep disorders, memory, concentration, cognitive ability, and academic performance in children. Moreover, sleep is identified as an important factor that has a profound effect on children’s athletic performance. If a short daytime nap is shown to benefit children involved in sports activities, this evidence could be used to improve children’s athletic performance in the afternoon. In this study, we investigated whether a short daytime nap could reduce the decline in athletic performance observed in the afternoon in children involved in basketball games. We investigated 10 elementary school-age male basketball players. The study was performed under two conditions, with and without a 20-min nap during the lunch break, and evaluation was performed under both conditions for 3 days each. The reaction and 20-m sprint times were measured after morning practice, before afternoon practice, and at the end of practice on all days. At the beginning of afternoon practice, the 20-m sprint time was significantly shorter (p<0.05) in the no-nap group (4.18±0.27 s) than in the nap group (4.24±0.24 s). In conclusion, our results suggest that a short daytime nap in children may reduce the decline in exercise performance observed in the afternoon.

著者

眞鍋 康子 宮武 正太

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.1, pp.17, 2015 (Released:2015-01-25)

著者

三井 みのり 下河内 洋平 楠本 繁生 笹壁 和佳奈 小菅 萌

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.78, 2022 (Released:2022-01-14)

著者

沼澤 俊

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.122, 2022 (Released:2022-01-14)

著者

伊藤 稔

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.3, pp.A1-A2, 2006-06-01

著者

林 ちか子 池田 瑞音 相澤 勝治 村井 文江 目崎 登

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.197-203, 2004-04-01

被引用文献数

3 2

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in dynamic and static balance ability during the menstrual cycle among young women. The subjects were young healthy women (n = 12, age 20.4 ± 1.2 years) with regular exercise and a normal menstrual cycle. The menstrual cycle was divided into 5 phases : Menstrual, Follicular, Ovulatory, Early luteal and Late luteal. Measurements were taken using the dynamic balance test, static balance test and looseness test. The dynamic balance test did not change during the menstrual cycle. Length/Time within the static balance test increased in the late luteal phase compared to other menstrual cycle phases. The deviation of the mean of X within the static balance test increased in the follicular and late luteal phase and decreased in the ovulatory phase. Also, the deviation of the mean of X increased in the follicular phase compared to the menstrual phase and decreased in the menstrual and early luteal phases compared to the follicular and ovulatory. Left arm upper of laxity in hand on the back test within looseness test increased in the menstrual and early luteal phases compared to other menstrual cycle phases. These results suggest that static balance ability changes during the menstrual cycle.

著者

猪飼 道夫 吉沢 茂弘 中川 功哉

出版者

一般社団法人日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.4, pp.227-238, 1962-05-30 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

7

著者

高橋信二 菊賀 信雅 中野 貴博 鈴木 宏哉 大塚 慶輔 内藤 久士 西嶋 尚彦

出版者

日本体力医学会

雑誌

体力科學 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.6, 2002-12

被引用文献数

2

著者

赤羽 秀徳 青木 和夫 星川 秀利

出版者

The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine

雑誌

体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.221-234, 2004-04-01 (Released:2010-09-30)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ankle plantar and dorsal flexion on the lower extremities' dynamics and crank torque in pedaling movements. Twelve males (6 cyclists and 6 non-cyclists) pedaled at the rate of 90 and 120 rpm for a power output of 200W. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the different ankle movement patterns in one crank rotation. The first group (Gr1) showed a one time plantar and dorsal flexion movement in one rotation. The second group (Gr2) showed two plantar and dorsal flexion movements in one rotation. It was assumed that the exertion of positive plantar flexor power in the upstroke phase could provide the difference of the ankle movement patterns. The following results were shown in Gr2 as compared with Grl. 1) The positive crank torque time ratio was extended due to dorsal flexor torque produced near the top dead center. 2) Continuous muscle contraction of the same muscle was avoided and reduction in a burden was brought about due to plantar flexion in the upstroke phase. 3) Reduction of hip extensor torque was shown. These results suggest that two dorsal and plantar flexion movements in one rotation in pedaling could be a more effective pattern in terms of muscle work.