著者

浅見 真理 小坂 浩司 島崎 大 武井 佳奈子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.5, pp.189-195, 2014 (Released:2014-09-10)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1 2

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塩水電解における次亜塩素酸の生成における塩素酸,過塩素酸の特性を把握するための検討を行った。6種類の異なる電極(主たる成分A:RuO2-TiO2,B:RuO2-IrO2-TiO2,C:IrO2-SnO2,D:IrO2-Pt,E:Pt,F:PbO2)を用いて塩水電解を行ったところ,生成装置の電極の材質により反応時の電位が異なり,次亜塩素酸の生成にともなって生成する塩素酸,過塩素酸の生成量が異なることが分かった。電流値が一定の条件では,端子間電圧が高い電極で電圧が高く,塩素(次亜塩素酸)の生成量が少なく,塩素酸,過塩素酸の生成量が多くなった。特に,白金電極(E)や二酸化鉛電極(F)において,次亜塩素酸あたりの過塩素酸の生成が顕著であった。電解における電位の違いにより,塩素酸,過塩素酸の濃度が高くなるため,次亜塩素酸を生成する工程,工場における電解等でも注意が必要である。

著者

小熊 久美子 小塩 美香 Lohwacharin Jenyuk 滝沢 智

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.2, pp.59-65, 2017 (Released:2017-03-10)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

3

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水中の懸濁粒子が紫外線消毒効率に及ぼす影響を調べるため, 粒径や色の異なるカーボンブラック (CB) またはポリスチレン (PS) 粒子の共存下で大腸菌と大腸菌ファージMS2の紫外線不活化特性を測定した。試料の紫外線透過率の低下傾向は, 粒子の素材や色によらず粒径が同じ粒子で類似していた。一方, 微生物の不活化効率は粒子の素材や色による影響をうけ, CBが高濃度で存在すると大腸菌, MS2とも不活化効率が低下した一方, 白色PSでは不活化効率が上昇し, 白色粒子による紫外線の散乱が不活化に寄与したと推察された。MS2の不活化効率は, 濁度0.6-1.5度, 色度13度以上, 紫外線透過率56-70%の条件でも粒子添加なしと有意差はなかった (p>0.05) 。標準粒子を用いた本研究の実験条件では, 水中に懸濁粒子が存在しても紫外線消毒を阻害しない場合や, 粒子による紫外線の散乱で消毒効率が高まる場合のあることが示された。

著者

高村 典子

出版者

日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.12, pp.948-953, 1995-12-10

参考文献数

20

著者

小林 憲弘 鈴木 俊也 小杉 有希 菱木 麻佑 加登 優樹 金田 智 植田 紘行 河相 暢幸 北本 靖子 土屋 かおり 木村 慎一 古川 浩司 岩間 紀知 中村 弘揮 粕谷 智浩 堀池 秀樹 京野 完 髙原 玲華 馬場 紀幸 佐藤 信武 久保田 領志 五十嵐 良明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.6, pp.211-224, 2016 (Released:2016-11-10)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

7

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水道水中のホルムアルデヒドおよびアセトアルデヒドを迅速・簡便に分析するために, DNPHで誘導体化した試料をLC/UVあるいはLC/MS/MSにより測定する方法を検討した。検討の結果, 水道水に塩化アンモニウムを加えて残留塩素を除去した後, リン酸とDNPHを加えて誘導体化した試料を測定した。いずれの測定機器を用いた場合も両誘導体のピークは短時間で良好に分離し, ホルムアルデヒドの基準値の1/10の濃度 (0.008 mg L-1) まで高精度に分析できた。さらに, 本研究で確立した分析法が全国の水道水質検査に適用できるかどうかを検証するために, 15機関において水道水を用いた添加回収試験を行った結果, いずれの測定機器を用いた場合も両物質について「水道水質検査方法の妥当性評価ガイドライン」の真度, 併行精度および室内精度の目標を満たした。以上のことから, 本分析法は水道水の標準検査法として利用可能と考えられる。

著者

市原 真紀子 西尾 孝之

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.12, pp.183-189, 2011

被引用文献数

1

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Alの高濃度化や不純物の精製など,改良を加えた浄水汚泥からの凝集剤回収法について検討し,そのリン除去能を検証した。回収凝集剤(再生バンド)のAl<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>濃度は0.75~9.4%であり,一部はJISに定めるAl濃度を満足していた。含水率の低い浄水汚泥を用いると,よりAl濃度の高い再生バンドを作成可能であったが,同時に不純物の高濃度化が見られた。再生バンドはT-NやT-P,Fe,Mnを高濃度含んでいたが,精製処理によりT-P以外は43.6~76.5%除去され,Alの低濃度化や鉄・マンガンの濃縮といった既報における欠点を一定克服した。モデル排水(T-P 0.85 mg・L<SUP>-1</SUP>)や地下水(T-P 1.14~1.52 mg・L<SUP>-1</SUP>)を用いたジャーテストにおいて,再生バンドは市販の硫酸バンドと同等のリン除去能を示し,1:5(PO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>3-</SUP>:Al)のモル比で9割以上のリンが除去された。

著者

小坂 浩司 浅見 真理 佐々木 万紀子 松井 佳彦 秋葉 道宏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.3, pp.125-133, 2017

被引用文献数

3

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全国の水道事業を対象に2009~2011年度の原水での農薬の測定計画と検出状況の関連性を水道統計のデータを基に解析した。農薬を測定した水道事業は約650, その約20%で農薬が検出された。農薬を測定した水道事業を水道水源, 農薬の測定回数と測定種類数で分類したとき, 地表水を水源とし農薬の測定回数と測定種類数が多い水道事業のグループは農薬を検出した水道事業の割合 (検出率) や検出された農薬の種類数が多かった。農薬の測定回数が1回のグループは農薬が検出された水道事業の割合は少なく, その多くは1種の農薬を単年度のみで検出していた。地下水を水道水源に使用している水道事業は総じて検出率は低かった。検出された個別農薬は77種, 比較的多くの水道事業 (10以上) で検出されたのは10種程度であった。検出される可能性がある農薬には地域多様性があるが, いくつかは全国の多くの水道事業から検出される可能性が示された。

著者

山口 隆司 原田 秀樹 桃井 清至 曽 怡禎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.6, pp.499-510, 1995-06-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

2 3

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The ecological role of sulface-reducing bacteria (SRB) in anaerobic degradation of a long-chain fatty acid (LFA) was investigated using three anaerobic sludge consorita cultivated at different sulfate loading rates. The three kinds of sludge (referred to as Sludge A, B and C) were cultivated in a fill-and-draw mode for 100 days by feeding with plamitate as a major carbon source (feeding concentration : 1.0g COD·l-1), but with different levels of sulfate, i.e., 600mg-SO42-·l-1 for Sludge A, 300 for Sludge B, 0 for Sludge C.Degradation of palmitate into acetate in the presence of sulfate can be performed by either of the following three trophic groups : 1) symbiosis between palmitate-degrading proton-reducing acetogens (P-PRA) and hydrogen-utilizing SRB (H-SRB), 2) symbiosis between P-PRA and hydrogen-utilizing methanogens (H-MPB), 3) palmitate-oxidizing SRB (P-SRB). Three sludge consortia exhibited different behavior of palmitate degradation, depending on their sulfate loadings. As for Sludge A, the first group, P-PRA+H-SRB had the greatest contribution in palmitate degradation, and the extent of the second, P-PRA+H-MPB and the third, P-SRB were about half of the first, respectively. For Sludge B, P-PRA+H-MPB had the superior contribution over P-PRA+H-SRB and P-SRB. The lowest contributor, P-SRB was only one-tenth of the largest contributor, P-PRA+H-MPB. For Sludge C, palmitate degradation was accounted for only by P-PRA+H-MPB, and the contributions by P-PRA+H-MPB and P-SRB were negligible small.

著者

生地 正人 井上 雄二 末次 綾 奥村 朋子 出濱 和弥 多川 正 中矢 雄二

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.4, pp.145-153, 2014

被引用文献数

2

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傾斜土槽法は,低エネルギ-消費型の好気性浄化法である。この浄化機構を解明するためにスポンジ担体の傾斜土槽で実験を行った。本実験は,20~50分の水理学的滞留時間で有機性汚濁物質と総窒素(T-N)・総リン(T-P)が同時に浄化されることを示した。排水が傾斜土槽を浸透流下すると,水と有機性汚濁物質は分離される。溶解性の有機性汚濁物質は,生物学的吸着作用で分離され,これに要する時間が20~50分である。冬季を除けば槽内の生物学的浄化活性は高く,槽内部に捕捉された有機物は,土壌にみられる生物群によって分解される。槽重量は冬季に増加し,春季に減少した。T-N・T-P浄化は,生物学的な資化による。さらに,T-Nは硝化・脱窒反応で浄化され,T-Pはリンを含む生成土壌が槽内に残留することで浄化される。本法では,水と汚濁物質の分離,有機物の分解,汚泥の減量化,T-NとT-Pの浄化が同じ槽内で同時進行する。

著者

亀田 豊 益永 茂樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.9, pp.553-560, 2006 (Released:2010-01-09)

参考文献数

22

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There is growing awareness of the need to evaluate the long-term effects of wildlife populations, not only in terms of the level of short-term effects on individuals, but also in terms of much subtler, multigenerational effects particularly for long-term conservation of ecosystems. Here, we show population genetic structure of Pseudorasbora parva in the Kanto region and estimate the main stressors to influencing genetic variability and genotype. Genetic diversity within a population was significant among sampling sites, but no significant relationship was detected between genetic diversity and contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals, because of many types of stress effects and random genetic drift. On the other hand, cluster analysis of the fluorescence intensity of individual DNA fragment profiles measured by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis identified five genotypes: two existed in many sites in the Kanto region, and three existed in only a few sites. Genetic diversity or genotype proportion in a population at the sites where these two genotypes was dominant were also significantly related to dissolved PAH, dissolved fluoranthene, dissolved benzo[k]fluoranthene and benzo[k]fluoranthene concentrations in sediments. Finally, the population genetic structure in eight sites along the Nogawa river was evaluated. These results showed genetic diversity and genotype proportion changed discontinuously in some sites, because of changes in PAH concentration and limited migration.

著者

関谷 卓見 竹谷 公貴 天野 佳正 町田 基

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.11, pp.175-179, 2010 (Released:2010-11-10)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

4 5

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The blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa and the diatom Cyclotella sp. were grown in Wright's cryptophytes medium with various mass ratios of total dissolved nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P = 1, 10, 50 and 100) at different temperatures (15, 20 and 25°C). Similar experiments at lower nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations but using the same N/P ratio were also carried out. At high nutrient concentrations (N = 0.5-50 mg·L-1 and P = 0.5 mg·L-1), Cyclotella sp. was dominant at all N/P ratios at 15°C, but M. aeruginosa became a superior competitor at 20 and 25°C at N/P≠ 1. Generally, Microcystis blooms tend to occur at a low mass ratio of total nitrogen (TN) to total phosphorus (TP), i.e., TN/TP ratio. However, this study clearly showed that a high N/P ratio favored the growth of M. aeruginosa. Moreover, the growth of both algae was controlled significantly at all N/P ratios at low nutrient concentrations (N = 0.05-5 mg·L-1 and P = 0.05 mg·L-1). Therefore, it could be concluded that M. aeruginosa dominance occurs at temperatures above 20°C and is promoted at a certain level of nutrient concentrations (N > 0.5 mg·L-1 at P = 0.5 mg·L-1 and/or P > 0.05 mg·L-1 at N = 0.05-5 mg·L-1) rather than N/P ratio.

著者

中島 淳 長岡 裕 大垣 眞一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.8, pp.664-667, 1996-08-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

6

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Water quality of Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines, was survyed as a small joint survey of Japanese and Philippine NGO groups. The lake water had relatively high concentration of SS caused by resuspending silt and fine clay from the bottom sediment due to shallow water depth and strong wind. Chl a concentration was low in spite of high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Trihalomethane formation potential test showed high formation of bromine compounds due to intrusion of sea water into the lake. Relatively high concentration of SS, COD, nitrogen and phosphorus was observed at the mouth of the most polluted tributary.

著者

藤田 豊 中村 玄正

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.197-203, 2007 (Released:2010-01-09)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2 3

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Historically the water quality of Lake Inawashiro has been kept very good in terms of COD and other variables. The reason for this is due to the very low concentration of phosphorus in the lake for example, 0.003mg · l-1. Additionary, the primary production of phytoplankton is controlled at very low level. The authors studied the mechanism by which floc removes phosphorus that is produced in the acidic Nagase River. The major results obtained from this study are as follows : (1) The floc produced in the Nagase River coagulate and then settle as phosphorus sediment. (2) The floc has a particle size distribution that is effective for coagulation and then for phosphorus sedimentation. (3) The main components of the floc are Fe, Ca and Al. (4) When floc was added to the river water, the concentration of phosphorus decreased and the AGPM also decreased.

著者

原本 英司 片山 浩之 大垣 眞一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.315-320, 2009 (Released:2010-01-09)

参考文献数

26

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The occurrence of pathogenic viruses and indicator microorganisms in water samples from a wastewater treatment plant in Japan was investigated monthly from July 2003 to June 2004. Forty-eight samples of raw sewage, treated sewage before chlorination, effluent after chlorination, and reclaimed water after advanced wastewater treatment using sand filtration and ozonation were subjected to a virus concentration method using an HA electronegative membrane, followed by virus detection using a TaqMan PCR method. Noroviruses of genogroups I and II were detected in all 12 raw sewage samples, showing much higher concentrations in winter, an epidemic season. Corresponding to the occurrence in raw sewage, the concentrations of noroviruses in treated sewage and effluent also increased in winter. The concentrations of enteroviruses and adenoviruses in the tested samples were relatively constant compared with those of noroviruses. Noroviruses and adenoviruses were still detected even after advanced wastewater treatment, but the concentrations of these viruses were much lower than those in the effluent samples. Viruses were removed by wastewater treatment as effectively as indicator microorganisms (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and F-specific phages), suggesting that sewerage systems can contribute to reducing the load of pathogenic viruses discharged into aquatic environments.

著者

風間 真理 小倉 紀雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.11, pp.745-749, 2001-11-10 (Released:2007-02-22)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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The aim of the investigation is to show how the Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), a fish living in clean streams, can return to an urban river that believed to be polluted in the past. It was found that the ammonia nitrogen concentration had decreased remarkably, by monitoring of the water quality at the river. Due to the qualitative improvement of the sewage treatment water that is the river's main discharge source, the ammonia nitrogen concentration was decreased. Ammonia is an important substance for the survival of the creature; and a safe level, which makes the Ayu's survival possible, was estimated.

著者

梶原 葉子 山田 真知子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.185-192, 1997-01-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 4 9

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Quantitative sampling of sessile animals and monitoring of water quality in Dokai Bay, northern Kyushu, Japan, were carried out from 1991 to '92 for four times to evaluate the water condition in the bay, Kitakyushu heavy and chemical industry area.In this study, seventy four species of sessile animals ware collected, which include Mytilus galloprovincialis, Limnoperna fortunei, Crassostrea gigas, Mytilopsis sallei, Balanus amphitrite, Balanus trigonus, Balanus eburneus, Ciona intestinalis, and Styela plicata. These nine reprentative species in the bay showed characteristic distribution and seasonal occurrence patterns. We noted eight immigrated species of sessile animals including an ascidian Polyandrocarpa zorritensis recorded first in Japanese coastal water.Eutrophic level of water in Dokai Bay was classified according to the occurrence of the sessile animals in the bay. Water conditions of the inner most and central parts of the bay were classified as hyper eutrophic level, and those of the bay mouth were at intemediate one between hyper eutrophic and eutrophic levels. We suggest that six dominant species, including a mussel M. galloprovincialis, are useful as biological indicator organisms of hyper eutrophic level of coastal water.

著者

山本 昭子 西山 直宏 吉田 浩介 山根 雅之 石川 百合子 三浦 千明

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.1-10, 2010 (Released:2010-01-10)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

3 12

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Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) is an anionic surfactant widely used in laundry detergents. The environmental safety of LAS has been extensively reviewed in various chemical safety assessment programs worldwide. In this paper, we report an LAS aquatic environmental risk assessment of Japanese rivers using a high-tier assessment approach. For the exposure assessment, river water monitoring data of more than 400 samples were used to determine predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) which were then verified with the AIST-SHANEL exposure model. For the effect assessment, a statistical extrapolation approach using chronic ecotoxicity data was used. Toxicity data were normalized to the average alkyl chains found in the environment (C11.3) and to that of commercial LAS average alkyl chains in Japan (C11.8). Mesocosm data were also normalized to determine the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) in the environment. The 95th percentile PECs for detected concentrations in Japanese rivers were 32 to 45 μg/L, and the PNECs were 270 (C12) to 530 (C11.3) μg/L based on mesocosm data with an assessment factor of 1 and supported by data from the statistical extrapolation approach. The PEC was about 10 times lower than the PNEC. From the result of the risk characterization, it was concluded that the aquatic environmental risk posed by LAS in Japan is low.

著者

津野 洋 宗宮 功 西村 文武 小島 岳晴

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.4, pp.246-253, 1997-04-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

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The low pH of acid precipitation is buffered by soil to some extent, but the pH-buffering mechanism also releases variety of materials, which may cause wide effect on the aquatic environment. So in this research, we have permeated artificial acid rain through soil to examine the quality of soil leachates. As a result, we have found that some soils around Lake Biwa have reached the aluminium buffer range which has possibilities of deteriorating the aquatic ecosystem. We have also found that phosphorus included in the leachate causes great effect on algal growth potential under low pH condition as 4.0.

著者

山本 富久 中曽根 英雄 黒田 久雄 加藤 亮

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.9, pp.561-564, 2006 (Released:2010-01-09)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

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We surveyed the water quality of irrigation reservoirs in a tea field catchment. The study area was located in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. Water in some of the reservoirs showed alkalinity because of the photosynthesis of aquatic plants. On the other hand, water in one irrigation reservoir showed acidity because of nitrogen fertilizer. The NO3-N concentration increased how many times owing to large runoff from a watershed when rainfall was strong and heavy accumulation. The Changes in NO3-N concentration were small throughout the season when was light rainfall. The average of NO3-N concentration in the irrigation reservoirs was about 5 mg·l-1.

著者

矢部 徹 石井 裕一

出版者

日本水環境学会 ; 1992-

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.67-71, 2015-02

著者

村上 和仁 今富 幸也 駒井 幸雄 永淵 修 清木 徹 小山 武信

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.11, pp.757-764, 1998-11-10 (Released:2008-01-22)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2 4

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The Seto Inland Sea in Japan is well known world-widely as one of the famous enclosed coastal sea, which is surrounded on all sides by the three large islands of Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku, and is the largest inland sea in Japan (area ; 22,000Km2, total coastline ; 6,600Km, average depth ; 38m). In order to obtain the information about the environmental condition in the Seto Inland Sea, the quantity and distribution of macrobenthos, especially Annelida which is considered to indicate the sedimental condition, were investigated from the 425 sedimental samples as the Investigation for Environmental Management of the Seto Inland Sea (IEMS), which conducted from 1991 to 1996.The results obtained can be concluded as follows:1) The macrobenthos mainly observed in the Seto Inland Sea were Lumbrineris longiforia, Paraprionospio spp., Prionospio ehlersi and Theora fragilis, which were recognized as the indicator species of organic pollution.2) 16species of Spionidae were observed, i.e. Paraprionospio sp., Prionospio ehlersi, P. cirrifrea, Spiophanes sp. and so on.3) The species number and the individual number of Annelida were decreased with increase of muddy ratio, IL, COD, T-N, T-P and TOC.4) The species number and the individual number of Annelida were decresed with increase of Cd, Cu, Ph, Zn and Mn.5) Organic pollution was suggested especially in inner bay area because of dominations of some species of Annelida, Spionidae.