著者

千輪 浩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.6, pp.787-809, 1926 (Released:2010-07-16)

著者

正田 悠 安田 晶子 中原 純 田部井 賢一 伊坂 忠夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18207, (Released:2019-07-10)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

---

University students in Japan tend to listen to music frequently, perhaps to regulate their current mood. In the present study, we aimed to develop the Japanese version of the “Brief Music in Mood Regulation” scale (B-MMR) and examined its reliability and validity. Based on 307 Japanese undergraduates’ responses, we constructed the Japanese version of the B-MMR, which is comparable with the original B-MMR. Moreover, we confirmed that several aspects of the Japanese version of the B-MMR are positively correlated with general emotional regulation and stress coping strategies. Our Japanese version of the B-MMR can be used in future studies to explore the effects of listening to music on people’s quality of life and well-being.

著者

櫻井 研三

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.296-309, 1995

被引用文献数

3

---

A technology of virtual reality enables us to immerse ourselves into 3D synthesized environments. In this paper, I review recent researches on virtual reality focusing on (a) the terminology used in this research area, (b) technological approaches to setting up different components of virtual reality-autonomy, interaction, and presence-, (c) objective measures and subjective ratings of a viewer's sense of presence in virtual environments, (d) present applications of virtual reality in different fields and their relation to pictorial communication. This review concludes that intermodality conflict and measurement of sense of presence are the crucial perceptual and cognitive topics in virtual reality research.

著者

財津 亘

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.4, pp.321-329, 2012 (Released:2013-01-01)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 3

---

The effects of false memories on polygraph examinations with the Concealed Information Test (CIT) were investigated by using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, which allows participants to evoke false memories. Physiological responses to questions consisting of learned, lure, and unlearned items were measured and recorded. The results indicated that responses to lure questions showed critical responses to questions about learned items. These responses included repression of respiration, an increase in electrodermal activity, and a drop in heart rate. These results suggest that critical response patterns are generated in the peripheral nervous system by true and false memories.

著者

荒木 友希子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.6, pp.510-516, 2000-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

---

Two groups of undergraduates were asked to solve anagrams and arithmetic problems. All the anagrams were solvable but part of the arithmetic problems was insolvable. After the preliminary task, one of the two explanations was given; internal attribution participants (Internal group, N=22) were told that their failure was due to their problem-solving ability, while external attribution participants (External group, N=21) were told that they failed because some of the problems had no solution. After the explanations, the groups worked on another set of solvable problems. The test task performance of Internal group was significantly lower than that of External group (p=.05), and it was significantly lower than the group's preliminary task (p<.01). No deterioration effect was found for External group. These results supported the implications of the reformulated learned helplessness theory by Abramson, Seligman, and Teasdale (1978). In addition, relationships between performance and participants' attitude such as attributional style and optimism were examined with measurement before and after the task, but no significant correlation was found.

著者

黒田 剛士 吉岡 大貴 宮崎 真

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.88.16403, (Released:2017-09-30)

参考文献数

65

---

The tau and kappa effects are perceptual illusions involved with spatiotemporal interactions. In the tau (kappa) effect, the spatial distance (duration) between two stimuli is perceived as longer when the duration (spatial distance) between these stimuli is made physically longer. The occurrence of these effects is explained by two hypotheses, both assuming the perception of motion between locations in which the stimuli are presented. Additionally, the first hypothesis posits that the motion speed is kept constant, whereas the second hypothesis is based on a Bayesian model with prior knowledge that the speed is slow. Perceived spatial distance and duration are estimated from the predicted motion velocity, resulting in the tau and kappa effects. This article aims to discuss the validity of each hypothesis, as well as future avenues, through a review of recent studies related to the tau and kappa effects.

著者

稲葉 美里 高橋 伸幸

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.27-34, 2012 (Released:2012-09-26)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

2

---

Although social solidarity is an essential component that helps maintaining social order, what produces solidarity and how does it work have not been fully investigated. We conducted an experiment to examine whether experiencing different forms of social exchange produces different levels of solidarity. We compared four forms of social exchange: reciprocal exchange (exchange resources without negotiation), negotiated exchange (with negotiation), pure-generalized exchange (giver can choose who to give) and chain-generalized exchange (giver cannot choose who to give). Two dimensions classify these exchanges: the number of players (two vs. more than two), and involvement of negotiation. Reciprocal and negotiated exchanges occur within dyads, while pure- and chain-generalized exchanges involve three or more players. Only the negotiated exchange involves negotiation process; the other exchanges are purely unilateral giving. Participants played a one-shot social dilemma game (SDG) before and after social exchange session. The more the players cooperated in SDG, the stronger the social solidarity. Results show that the cooperation rate in SDG increased more in the reciprocal, pure- and chain-generalized exchange conditions than that in the negotiated exchange condition, suggesting that social solidarity is facilitated by experiencing social exchange which does not involve negotiation.

著者

吉武 久美子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.5, pp.295-298, 1988-12-31 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

7

---

This experiment was conducted to assess the influence of respose patterns of revolters on conformity. The subjects were 39 undergraduate students who were given an opinion task for 12 trials. They were divided into the successive and intermittent revolution conditions, in which revolters emerged from the group successively after consensus trials and intermittently, respectively. Under the successive revolution condition the conformity rate on revolter-emergent trials were significantly lower than that for consensus trials, while under the intermittent revolution condition the conformity rates on revolter-emergent trials and on consensus trials were not significantly different. After the experiment the subjects were asked to indicate their private opinions. Subjects in the successive revolution condition indicated fewer conforming opinions than those in the intermittent revolution condition, It was concluded that with the same number of revolters and of revolutions effects of revolters vary according to their emergence pattern.

著者

関谷 大輝 湯川 進太郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.4, pp.295-303, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

4 4

---

The present study examined whether burnout and negative ruminations of helping professional were reduced by writing about their dissonant emotional experiences. Twenty helping professionals were randomly assigned to either the experimental condition (writing about emotionally dissonant experiences for three weeks) or the control condition (without writing). The results revealed that participants in the experimental condition had significantly lower scores for emotional dissonance than the control group immediately and three weeks after the experimental intervention. Qualitative analyses of the content written by the participants showed that individuals who had more beneficial change on the score for emotional dissonance wrote more cognitive words. This correlation suggests that writing about emotional dissonance may facilitate cognitive restructuring of emotional experiences, which results in decreasing emotional dissonance.

著者

村田 孝次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.359-364, 1961 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

5

著者

酒井 浩二 乾 敏郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.211-219, 1999-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 3

---

We investigated the distortion that occurs during the storage of representations in visual short-term memory by using smooth closed figures with varying stimulus complexity and similarity. In similarity judgments, the results suggested that the psychological similarity between two figures was based on averaging physical similarities of matched features. In a detection experiment, the results showed that the processing of detection was limited in its capacity for the precision of shape, and that it was more difficult to detect the precise shape in the case of complex figures. In a recognition experiment, the results showed that forgetting occured during a one-second retention interval. These two results showed that internal noise distorts both detection and retention processes. These findings suggested that representations of the complex figures with many features were distorted to a larger degree because each feature was individually masked with internal noise. It is concluded that the psychological similarity between an input pattern and a distorted pattern stored in short-term memory is invariant with stimulus complexity.

著者

德吉 陽河 岩崎 祥一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.178-187, 2014 (Released:2014-06-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

4 7

---

We conducted two studies to develop a Japanese version of the Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II (PGIS-II), and examined its reliability and validity. PGIS-II was developed as a multidimensional measure of the multiple processes of the Personal Growth Initiative (PGI). The PGI describes an active, intentional engagement in the process of personal growth for self-improvement of life experiences. Study 1 (N = 204) reports the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the Japanese version of the PGIS-II. The CFA confirmed that 4-factor model showed acceptable fit indices, with reliability coefficients ranging from .67 to .84. Concurrent validity of the PGIS-II was indicated by the correlation with happiness, the positive score for automatic thoughts. Study 2 (N = 101) reports the concurrent validity of the PGIS-II using scales for locus of control, self-esteem and coping. Results suggested significant correlations between scores on the PGIS-II and locus of control, self-esteem and some coping subscales. The overall results suggest that the Japanese version of the PGIS-II has satisfactory statistical reliability and validity.

著者

閻 琳 堀内 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18203, (Released:2019-05-20)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

3

---

This study was designed to examine factors that improve job satisfaction of international students studying in Japan when doing part-time jobs, based on sub-theories of the Self-Determination Theory (SDT). A hypothetical model based on the organismic integration theory and basic psychological needs theory, which are sub-theories of the SDT, were developed and examined through covariance structure analysis. The main results were as follows: (a) the need for relatedness and the need for competence, which are basic psychological needs, directly improve job satisfaction; (b) autonomous motivation is increased, and higher job satisfaction is obtained by satisfying the three psychological needs; (c) positive effect of the need for relatedness on the need for competence and positive effect of the need for competence on the need for autonomy were observed, suggesting the importance of satisfying the need for relatedness in part-time employment. The psychological processes affecting the job satisfaction of international students studying in Japan when doing part-time jobs is discussed based on the above results.

著者

水野 りか 松井 孝雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.18305, (Released:2019-05-20)

参考文献数

16

---

This study explored the effects of the semantics of first-constituent kanji characters on semantic processing of Japanese two-kanji words and examined the processing order of the two constituent characters. We used a semantic categorization task in which participants judged whether words represented human entities (human words) or not (general words). In half of both types of words, the first kanji character represented a human entity (human characters), while this was not the case in the other half. Initial human characters had inhibitory effects on the semantic categorization of general words and facilitatory effects on the semantic categorization of human words. In addition, considering that no facilitatory effects were found for second human characters in Mizuno and Matsui (2018), it seems that semantic processing of initial human characters finishes earlier than processing of kanji words, thereby facilitating their semantic processing. Processing of second human characters, meanwhile, finishes almost simultaneously with that of kanji words and does not facilitate semantic processing. This suggests that semantic processing proceeds from the first to the second character.

著者

倉石 精一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.3, pp.353-376, 1933

---

The purpose of this study is to observe modalities in the process of exercises of the controlled association which dures for a considerably long period and to contribute herefrom to the study of thinking. It seems to me that, heretofore, the experimental conditions were not strict enough in the study of association for example, numbers of trials for one problem were too few . Under such conditions it is natural that we can not treat adequately the introspectional reports of the subjects.<BR>Now, of what significance are the introspected contents such as images and inner speaches to the reactions in question? And of what sign is the &ldquo;gef&uuml;hlm&auml;ssige Erlebnis&rdquo; which was brought about by the transition of the problem? When we express naively to &ldquo;think&rdquo; implies this &ldquo;Erlebnis.&rdquo; And yet the psychologists of the W&uuml;rzburg school established a special &ldquo;Denkelernent&rdquo; rejecting images and this &ldquo;gefuhl massige Erlebnis.&rdquo; But must the essence of thinking be the &ldquo;Erlebnis&rdquo;?<BR>We distinguish two sorts of reactions in the process of the controlled association, namely the passive reaction and the active reaction , according, usually, to the modes of phenomena intervened between the presentations of stimuli and the reactions. But can this distinction signify the essential difference?<BR>In the experiment of this sort we can get true knowledge of the process of the reaction only when our experimental conditions work as true conditions. It is useless to indulge in the analysis of the phenomena which appear under ambiguous conditions.<BR>To correct some of defects of the previous studies, I planned the system of my experiment in the following manner; namely, the problems were limited to the response with the superordinate concepts and the subjects exercised these problems for 30 days using 20 new stimulus-words every day. The instruction is as follows.&ldquo;Response quickly with an adequate superordinate concept to a given stimulus-word.&rdquo; After the reaction the subjects make the introspectional renorts freely.<BR>When we examine the reports of the exercise during 30 days we notice that<BR>(1)There is a remarkable reduction in the reaction time inspite of the fact that we used new stimulus-words every day.<BR>(2)The number of reports of the so-called interpolated phenomena, which get place between the presentation of the stimulus and the reaction, decreases; moreover the grade of the &ldquo;Eindringlichkeit&rdquo; of these phenomena diminishes also.<BR>(3)The reaction-word becomes more adequate either when we conoider it from the objective side or when we examine it from the introspection of the subject.<BR>Now in this advanced process we can name the superordinate concepts immediately in spite of the fact that the stimulus-words were new every day; and the so-called interpolated phenomena are diminished. Can we not assert that in an intended act it is things of no importance that there appear various &ldquo;nsychische Gebilde&rdquo; in the consciousness?<BR>Against this assertion perhaps many people may say that it is impossible to react without the understanding of the stimulus. To Lc sure a functional action of understanding of stimulus is necessary. But it is not necessary to appear in the consciousness.<BR>The more smooth is the completion of the intended act the simpler is the subjective side of this act. This simple conscious phenomena, i. e, &ldquo;Eigenbewusstsein,&rdquo; can not become the direct object of our study.<BR>I was disappointed in the analysis of the introspe tional facts of the psychological study of thinking. And I asserted that to the completion of an intended act the conscious efforts were of no importance. To this one may make the objection that the very basis of this conscious efforts is the facts of thinking.

著者

林 智幸 湯澤 正通

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.6, pp.554-559, 2006-02-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This study investigated what dimensions young children's trait concepts have for real peers at their nursery school. Teachers of nursery school rated children's personality characteristics in terms of each dimension of the Big Five, and children were selected who showed different behavioral characteristics in those the five dimensions. Five- and six-year-old children (26 participants: 14 boys and 12 girls) evaluated those selected peers' personality. It was found that young children made different evaluations between extroversion and the other four traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and intellect), and between agreeableness and intellect. The results suggested that young children's trait concepts have a dimension of extroversion, in addition to a general dimension of goodness-badness.

著者

小山内 秀和 岡田 斉

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.2, pp.167-174, 2011 (Released:2011-12-06)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

4 4

---

Readers may have various experiences while reading a narrative, such as imagining the world described in the narrative, empathizing with the protagonist, and thinking about the author of the narrative or the real world. Referred to as “reader response” in literary theory, these experiences are important topics in the study of a reader's interactions with a literary text. To investigate differences among individuals in the degree of openness to these experiences during narrative comprehension, we translated the Literary Response Questionnaire (LRQ) developed by Miall and Kuiken (1995) and selected 37 items from the original scale to develop a Japanese version (LRQ-J). This survey was administered to 497 undergraduate students. The results showed that all subscales of the LRQ-J had internal consistency. Respondents' scores showed significant correlations with fantasy proneness, imaginative involvement, imagery vividness, and ego-resiliency. The results suggest that the LRQ-J has sufficient reliability and validity. The psychological characteristics of experiences assessed by the LRQ-J are discussed.

著者

佐藤 静

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.192-196, 2002-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

3

---

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and characteristics in collage work. Seventy undergraduates filled the Yatabe-Guilford (YG) personality test and produced a piece of collage work. The YG personality types were not different in terms of collage work characteristics. However, emotional adaptation and introvert/extrovert scores were reflected in the number of cuttings used in the piece. General activity score was reflected in the number of vehicle pictures used. Those who used an eye picture had a tendency to be depressed and lacking in confidence. Those who used a “stone circle” picture tended to be more emotionally adapted and extroverted. The results suggested a possibility that personality traits were reflected in specific characteristics in collage work.

著者

平 知宏 楠見 孝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.3, pp.283-299, 2011

被引用文献数

1

---

The study of the metaphor is interdisciplinary and focuses mostly on three points in cognitive psychology: (a) the cognition of metaphoricity, (b) metaphor comprehension processes, and (c) the reason why one concept is represented by another concept as a metaphor. This article reviews the history of research on the metaphor from these three perspectives. Most recent studies support the following viewpoints. Metaphor comprehension is as quick and automatic as literal comprehension. Metaphor comprehension entails the processes of comparison and abstraction. The reason why one concept is compared with another concept is strongly related with the motivation process of combination between different concepts such as embodied cognition.

著者

浅井 智久 丹野 義彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.3, pp.247-261, 2010

被引用文献数

4

---

Auditory hallucinations (AH), a psychopathological phenomenon where a person hears non-existent voices, commonly occur in schizophrenia. Recent cognitive and neuroscience studies suggest that AH may be the misattribution of one's own inner speech. Self-monitoring through neural feedback mechanisms allows individuals to distinguish between their own and others' actions, including speech. AH maybe the results of an individual's inability to discriminate between their own speech and that of others. The present paper tries to integrate the three theories (behavioral, brain, and model approaches) proposed to explain the self-monitoring hypothesis of AH. In addition, we investigate the lateralization of self-other representation in the brain, as suggested by recent studies, and discuss future research directions.