著者

樫原 潤 亀山 晶子 山川 樹 村中 昌紀 松浦 隆信 坂本 真士

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.520-526, 2018

被引用文献数

2

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<p>Depression is a heterogeneous disorder, and a subtype with atypical symptoms called “modern type depression” (MTD) has been recently proposed in Japan. The present study explored perceptions of MTD among healthcare providers, with the aim of contributing to debates on how to deliver effective treatments for MTD. Survey participants were 86 nurses and 60 professional caregivers working for a general hospital. They read two vignettes that described fictitious individuals with either traditional type depression with melancholic features, or MTD, and then answered how they perceived these individuals on Likert-scale items. A series of paired t-tests showed the following cognitive biases on the MTD vignette: (a) the possibility of being diagnosed as depressed, the severity of symptoms, and the effectiveness of psychotherapies were rated lower; (b) lower intentions of helping those individuals and stronger rejecting attitudes were expressed; (c) the precipitating cause of the disorder was more frequently attributed to internal and controllable factors. The discussion highlighted how these cognitive biases held by healthcare providers lower the quality of treatment of MTD.</p>

著者

上野 雄己 平野 真理 小塩 真司

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.514-519, 2018-12

著者

西村 多久磨 古村 健太郎 鈴木 雅之

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.500-506, 2018-12

著者

信吉 真璃奈 金生 由紀子 松田 なつみ 河野 稔明 野中 舞子 藤尾 未由希 下山 晴彦

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.507-513, 2018-12

著者

菅原 大地 武藤 世良 杉江 征

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.479-489, 2018-12

著者

久保 尊洋 沢宮 容子

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.490-499, 2018-12

著者

西口 美穂 楠見 孝

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.459-468, 2018-12

著者

宮寺 貴之 渡邉 和美 久原 恵理子 小林 寿一

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.469-478, 2018-12

著者

今北 哲平 仲嶺 実甫子 佐藤 寛

出版者

日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.5, pp.449-458, 2018-12

著者

住岡 恭子 井上 果子 福榮 太郎 小野 康男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.6, pp.625-631, 2018 (Released:2019-02-25)

参考文献数

24

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This study investigated university teachers’ engagement in students’ problems by conducting a free description survey. The relationship between the teachers’ personal attributes and their style of involvement with the students were analyzed. Of the 607 teachers surveyed, 207 responded (response rate: 34.1%). Of those, the responses given in the free description column by 78 teachers (12.9%) were coded into eight categories and analyzed, using quantification theory type 3. A scatter plot was formed, based on two axes, “Approach Management” and “Strict Protective.” Cluster analysis identified the following clusters: strict relationship, proactive commitment, and situational plasticity. The mean sample scores of each attribute showed gender differences in teachers’ engagement only in the “Strict Protective” axes, while other attributes, such as position and length of service, had no significant effect on the style of teachers’ engagement with the students.

著者

宮崎 弦太 佐伯 大輔 矢田 尚也 池上 知子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.1, pp.50-60, 2018 (Released:2018-04-25)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3

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Previous findings regarding the effects of living in urban environments on residents' subjective well-being have been inconsistent. The present study developed a scale to measure the multifaceted nature of urban living environments and investigated the aspects of urban environments that enhance or reduce residents' life satisfaction. We conducted two online surveys in which adults living in urban or rural areas in Japan (1,000 participants for each survey) completed the Multifaceted Urban Living Environment Scale and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Results indicated that urban living environments are characterized by quality of facilities, life convenience, life unpleasantness, and easy accessibility to public transportation. Of importance, each of these aspects affected residents' life satisfaction differently. Specifically, the quality of facilities was positively associated with life satisfaction, whereas life convenience was negatively associated. However, life unpleasantness and easy accessibility to public transportation had no effect on life satisfaction. These results suggest that it is important to measure the multifaceted nature of urban living environments to gain a deeper understanding of the effects of urbanization on residents' subjective well-being.

著者

牧野 由美子 田上 不二夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.143-148, 1998-06-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

5 6

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between subjective well-being and self acceptance, and to design a happiness self-writing program to increase self acceptance and subjective well-being of adolescents. In study 1, we examined the relationship between social interaction and self acceptance. In study 2, we created a happiness self writing program in cognitive behavioral approach, and examined whether the program promoted self acceptance and subjective well-being. Results indicated that acceptance of self-openness, an aspect of self acceptance, was related to subjective well-being. The happiness self-writing program increased subjective well-being, but it was not found to have increased self acceptance. It was discussed why the program could promote subjective well-being, but not self acceptance.

著者

大石 千歳 吉田 富二雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.5, pp.405-411, 2002-12-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

5 8

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Black sheep effect (Marques, Yzerbyt, & Leyens, 1988) and ingroup favoritism (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) appear to contradict each other with respect to the evaluation of inferior ingroup members. In addition to examining the relationship between the two phenomena, this study also examined the effect of ingroup identification on them. Sixty-one female student-nurses participated in the study. To measure black sheep effect, superior and inferior ingroup and outgroup members were rated on 20 adjectives. Distribution matrices (Tajfel et al., 1971) were used to measure ingroup favoritism. The participants were median split according to their level of group identification. Black sheep effect was found only among high-identification participants, who also showed ingroup favoritism. Ingroup identification had a positive correlation with both ingroup favoritism and black sheep effect. Overall, ingroup favoritism had a positive correlation with the evaluation of superior members, while it had a negative correlation with that of inferior ingroup members.

著者

村田 孝次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.63-75, 1961 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

25

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In this study, speech in sentence-form of the early developmental stage is analysed to clarify its structure and the interpersonal-instrumental functions. “Sentence” is defined as a word-chain which is organized by some syntactical rules in a given language (here in Japanese). Speech samples analysed had been recorded by tape-recorder and transcribed through its reproduction. Situations and accompanying behaviors to speech were also recorded. Situation were rather natural; a child (oneyear girl K) was in a room and given many toys and picture-books, and free conversations were allowed. Observations and recordings were made once a week, 30min. a day, and the tape-materials are 1090 in all, of which 520 are word-chains (the imitated utterances have been eliminated).Procedures and results are as follows:1) Every word-chain is classified according to the number of words contained, and we find following developmental features: number of words in a word-chain increases as her age in months increases, and 2-word-chains appear in the first half of her one-year old, and 3-word-chain in the second half.2) In the Japanese language, all the word-chains can be regarded as some combinations of content (independent) word [A] and function word (clitics) [B], or content words only, and identifications of words with these two fundamental word-classes were not so difficult even in speeches of early childhood. Next, every word-chain is classified according to the pattern composed of A and B. The group of 2-word-chains is divided into AA and AB. As a result, AAs are found to develop earlier than ABs. But toward the last period of one-year stage, the frequencies of AB and AA become nearly equal. By the same procedure, all the 3-word-chains are divided into AAA, AAB, ABB, and ABA, of which AAA and ABA are dominant in frequency. AAA develops earlier than ABA, but at last the latter exceeds the former. As ABA is one of the essential sentence-types and frequently used in the Japanese speech, even a child below 2 years of age may be able to learn this type of utterance.3) According to the definition already given, sentence are only a part of a body of word-chains. A uniqueness of the Japanese speech may be grammatical functions of B in sentence, and Bs are grammatically categorized according to these functions into following two: a) those of combining words logically [BL]; b) those of appealing to the hearer or of expressing the speaker's sentiment [BA]. BA appears earlier than BL in the developmental stage. Althouth BL plays more important functions in the developmental formation of verbal behavior, BA furnishes “plain logical-linguistic utterance” with interpersonal-humanistic “tone” which is essential in everyday conversation. In our data, BA is dominant in AB-type sentences, whereas BL is dominant in ABA-type sentences. In general, 2-word-sentences increase at the middle stage, and 3-word-sentences at the last.4) AA-type and ABA-type sentence utterances above all are considered as fundamental forms of the specific instrumental or motivation-reducing behaviors. Such an instrumental function may be classified in reference to the concrete situation where the utterance appeared. In both AA and. ABA-type sentences, number of types of the specific instrumental functions is positively correlated with C. A. in months.These features of speech development: may be partly explained by the mechanism of concept learning. However, conceptlearning processes work in two levels; one in the syntactical level, the other in the instrumental level.

著者

齊藤 陽子 佐久間 尚子 石井 賢二 水澤 英洋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.5, pp.405-413, 2009

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Two experiments were conducted to identify the role of lyrics and melody in song recognition. Experiment 1 (<I>N</I>=30) investigated the ratings of familiarity, age of acquisition, retrievability of lyrics or melody, and happiness for 100 Japanese children's songs. In Experiment 2 (<I>N</I>=31), a familiarity-judgment task was conducted involving three stimulus types&mdash;sung lyrics (SONG), spoken lyrics (LYRICS), and sung melody using the syllable/la/ (MELODY) &mdash;for two excerpts (beginning and middle locations). The participants were instructed to judge whether an excerpt sounded familiar as quickly as possible. The more familiar the songs, the easier could they be identified from the three stimulus types. SONG-response time (RT) was shorter than MELODY-RT for both beginning and middle, and than LYRICS-RT for the middle. The location effect emerged most prominently for LYRICS-RT. Our results suggest that interactively connected information of lyrics and melody may facilitate song recognition. Lyrics in the beginning might be an index only for certain, very familiar songs, whereas melody may play a facilitative role for song recognition regardless of location.

著者

佐藤 洋輔 沢宮 容子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.4, pp.356-366, 2018 (Released:2018-10-25)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1

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This study examined the associations between sexual orientation, interpersonal factors, response styles, and mental health. A total of 1,330 graduate and undergraduate students—205 LGBs (lesbians, gays, and bisexuals) and 1,125 heterosexuals—completed a questionnaire on the topics of interpersonal stress, social support, two types of response styles (rumination and problem-solving), depression, and anxiety. The analysis of variance results indicated that LGB respondents reported more rumination and interpersonal stress and less social support than heterosexual respondents. Moreover, path and mediation analyses revealed that sexual orientation can increase depression and anxiety through interpersonal factors that promote rumination or inhibit problem-solving. These results suggest that LGB youth experience greater stress in interpersonal relationships, and this stress promotes maladaptive response styles that can exacerbate mental health.

著者

坪田 祐基 石井 秀宗

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.17064, (Released:2018-12-25)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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This study aimed to investigate relationships between perfectionism and selective attentional engagement and disengagement biases to success- and failure-related words. Seventy-five undergraduates (33 male and 42 female) were asked to perform modified dot-probe tasks and to complete items in the Multidimensional Self-oriented Perfectionism Scale. The modified dot-probe tasks contained four kinds of stimuli such as success-related words, failure-related words, neutral words, and non-words. Using this task, selective attentional engagement and disengagement biases to success- and failure-related words were measured. Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficients between the selective attentional bias and perfectionism scale scores were observed. As a result, several relationships were found in males: personal standards positively correlated with disengagement bias to failure-related words; concern over mistakes positively correlated with engagement bias to failure-related words; and doubting of actions positively correlated with engagement bias to success-related words. These results suggest that male perfectionists have selective attentional engagement and disengagement biases to success or failure, and that each dimension of perfectionism is related to engagement bias and disengagement bias differently.

著者

下田 俊介 大久保 暢俊

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.17309, (Released:2018-12-25)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

1

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People with low self-esteem, when experiencing a threat to self-evaluation, reportedly tend to place higher value in a romantic partner as an indirect form of self-enhancement. This study examined whether such an indirect form of self-enhancement is also found when considering a close friend. Participants’ trait self-esteem was measured. Then, they participated in an experiment in which they experienced (or not) a threat to their self-evaluation. They were subsequently asked to evaluate their close friends and acquaintances using trait adjectives. The results showed that participants with low self-esteem valued their close friends and acquaintances highly when they experienced a threat, compared with those who did not experience one. Meanwhile, participants with high self-esteem devalued their close friends but not their acquaintances when they experienced a threat, compared with those who did not. These results suggest that people with high self-esteem devalue their close friends as an indirect form of self-enhancement. We discuss the need to examine the effects of the difference in relationship quality between a close friend and a romantic partner, as well as the cross-cultural differences in indirect forms of self-enhancement.

著者

飯田 順子 伊藤 亜矢子 青山 郁子 杉本 希映 遠藤 寛子 ファーロング マイケル J.

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.17222, (Released:2018-12-25)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

6

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The purpose of this study was to develop a Japanese version of the Social Emotional Health Survey, which measures multiple positive aspects of secondary school students, and to examine the scale’s reliability and validity. In study 1, 3,044 high school students were asked to complete the questionnaire. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the theoretical model comprising 12 measured indicators that form four domains (beliefin-self, belief-in-others, emotional competence, and engaged living) that, in turn, contribute to one underlying meta-construct called “covitality”. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that students with a high covitality score had significantly higher scores for school connectedness and life satisfaction, and a significantly lower score for psychological distress, showing sufficient concurrent validity of the scale. In study 2, 106 students were asked to complete the questionnaires to examine the scale’s test-retest reliability and concurrent validity using related Japanese scales. The results showed that the scale has sufficient test-retest reliability and concurrent validity with the other Japanese scales.

著者

酒井 厚 江川 伊織 菅原 ますみ 松本 聡子 相澤 仁

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.90.17053, (Released:2018-12-25)

参考文献数

54

被引用文献数

2

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This study investigated the moderating effects of children’s conflicting relationships with their best friends on how positive parent-child relationships buffer against children’s externalizing problem behaviors directly or through their self-esteem. It also examined whether this moderating effect was conditional on children’s age. Nine hundred and twenty-six elementary and junior high school students completed the questionnaire, which covered their sense of trust in parents, self-esteem, conflicting relationships with best friends, and externalizing problem behaviors. The results of a mediation analysis revealed that children’s high sense of trust in parents buffered against externalizing problem behaviors by enhancing their self-esteem. However, moderated mediation analyses indicated that children with highly conflicting relationships with their best friends reduced the buffering effects of children’s sense of trust in parents on externalizing behaviors both directly and through their self-esteem. These findings were discussed in terms of the children’s conflicting relationships with their best friends and the children’s perception of ego-threat.