著者

伊藤 喜彦

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.675, pp.1257-1264, 2012

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In this article, we analyze how columns are used and to what extent they determine the architectural characteristics of the church of San Miguel de Escalada. This leads us to two important features of Escalada.<br>1. <i>Spolia</i> columns were not necessarily used as substitutes for those made ex <i>profeso</i>, but in fact played a pivotal role at the time of the building's conception, especially from aesthetic point of view.<br>2. The inherent incongruity between masonry walls and monolithic columns leads to quite distinguishable features where the two elements meet. In the case of Escalada, we can observe a growing interest in keeping the independence and wholeness of the columns adjacent to the walls.

著者

出村 嘉史 大井 晴奈

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.774, pp.1673-1681, 2020 (Released:2020-08-30)

参考文献数

9

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The statutory city planning system, which had created uniform standards throughout the country, had been about to leach to small autonomies such as local towns and villages after more than a decade since its beginning. This paper focuses on Ohi Town, Ena County (present Ena City) in the process by which the city planning method was applied. In 1924, the Ohi Dam, a large-scale dam-type hydroelectric power plant, was built, and a sightseeing tour with boats using this dam lake started. This period coincided with the time when public works such as roads in Ohi Town became prosperous, and the period of forming of the city planning for town and village according to the revised City Planning Act of 1933. This study clarifies that the series of infrastructure developments in the early Showa era in Ohi Town was to create a system for practicing a new industry with the perspective of local management, with absorbing the intentions of the Home Ministry and prefecture from the viewpoint of city (regional) planning. As a result of evaluating and organizing the remaining primary materials and newspaper articles, the following became clear. In Ohi Town, a tourist business using a new dam lake was developed. Ohi Town operated the town-run tourism independently from 1930 to 1936, and steadily managed even during the Japanese severe recession. This was because the town mainly invested public expenses and human resources into the construction of the forest park and the 6-ken width road which was the approach to the park, both were promoted at the same time. While the Kita-Ena Railway, which worked on tourism using a light railway for the construction of the Ohi Dam, failed clearly in a short term, Ohi Town found its way into the tourism and worked with all its strength. This intention also be reflected in the fact that Ohi Town helped to build an important traffic line for the neighboring Hirukawa village in order to make the tourism monopolized by Ohi Town. This tourism was privatized in 1936, and the business for the future was set up as a new public-private partnership industry that could be managed by the private sector. Regarding the revision of the City Planning Act in 1933, what might be important for the region was that small local governments awakened to local management such as Ohi Town were treated as applicable. As a result, Akira Ando, engineer of the City Planning Gifu Regional Committee, was preparing to establish a forest park and designate scenic districts prior to establishment of the town and village city planning system. Reijo Oya, engineer of the City Planning Osaka Local Committee and Ando made infrastructure plans such as the forest park with access by a scenic drive that would give excellent prospects. Based on Ohi Town's request, they shared their vision for the future to realize an ideal regional plan. That is, Ohi Town, which wanted to establish a set of infrastructure for promoting the sightseeing business as a new industry, and a group of engineers from Home Ministry who aimed to realize an ideal regional plan in the region shared the projects with different objectives, and realized steadily without waiting for a decision by the City Planning Act.

著者

李 允子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.514, pp.241-247, 1998

参考文献数

41

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In these days we see the fact that the floor sitting style and the chair sitting style coexist both in South Korea and Japan. Considering this current situation, this study aims at shedding light on historical changes and development of these two types of sitting style. Comparing several types of sitting style and its historical changes in China, Korea and Japan along with research into their historical interchange, the author probed into resemblance in sitting style among these three countries. As one of the characteristics, for example, sitting with the left knee drawn up was first observed from the Zhou to Han period in China. Later in the periods of the Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was seen on various scenes such as people in the middle ruling class holding ceremonies, retainers raising up lamps, warriors standing by, bird hunting, fishing, praying, and such. In Korea, in the period of the Three Kingdoms, this type of sitting style was found where people were drawing characters, and in Japan, in the Jomon period, where men were holding ceremonies. All in the three countries, however, there were also tools to sit down on, and even stools and chairs to show authority were found. From this study, it is assumed that sitting cross-legged as well as seated style were characteristic of people of high standing and were commonly seen in the three countries. Also in China, however, there was a period of sitting on the floor as seen in Korea and Japan. And in the time range given in this study the shift from floor sitting to chair sitting had started there.

著者

堀 賀貴

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.705, pp.2563-2570, 2014-11-30 (Released:2014-11-30)

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In Pompeii, a two-way traffic was impossible except for limited arteries, such as Strada Stabia and Viae della Fortuna, di Nola, and dell'Abbondanza. It has been suggested that cart-drivers adhered to the principle of driving on the right-hand side of streets. However, at the Nola, Sarno and Nocera gates, through which an one-way vehicle traffic was possible, vehicles had lay-bys on the left-hand sides. And the ruts remaining on the streets, which can provide the direction of carts, reveal that the carts were driven on the centre of the streets in both directions on via del Tempio di Iside.

著者

堀 賀貴

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.671, pp.165-172, 2012-01-30 (Released:2012-03-05)

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In Pompeii, two underground conduits have not functioned systematically as the main drainage to discharge the fountain runoff and rainwater. The forum had been isolated from the network of street drainage system, and a raised surface on the street north of the forum prevented the runoff from flowing into the forum. The four sewer holes caught the excess water running on 5 surface drain lines of which each collected the water from three or four street fountains and water towers. To control the water running on the street would have taken a water distribution system like the one already existing.

著者

黒田 泰介

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.548, pp.277-284, 2001-10-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

被引用文献数

1 1

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In this thesis, the typology and methods for transformation of the ruins of the Roman amphitheatre in Lucca are analyzed according to following three points ; I ) the classification of the 26 component buildings in this amphitheatre block. II) the division of the component buildings into four housing types based on tipologia edilizia. III) the actual methods of re-utilization of the cuneo (basic unit of the plan of the Roman amphitheatre) for housing use and the relationship between the cuneo and the internal space composition of the component buildings.

著者

建部 謙治 松本 直司 花井 雅充

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.565, pp.217-223, 2003-03-30 (Released:2017-02-09)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

3 3

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The purpose of this report is (1) to clarify the structure of recollection, (2) to search for the relationship between mental scenery of children and area characteristics, from a classification of it and the factor of recollection. For this purpose, the questionnaire survey was done. The results obtained are as follows. a) Mental scenery in the places to like is "The open place system" "The education system", and dislike is "The traffic system" "The nature system". b) Recollection's factor of in the places to like is "Action" "Impression", and dislike is "Impression" "Existence". c) Seto City and Nagakute Town were classified into seven according to area characteristics. Mental scenery and recollection's factor of children are influenced by area characteristics.

著者

松浦 達也 安森 亮雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.731, pp.31-39, 2017 (Released:2017-01-30)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 2

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In university campuses, there exists buildings with the common space to the public such as museum and library, which we call the open buildings to the public. There are a wide variety of open buildings to the public from those proactively disclosed to those used mainly by internal users but also by the public, and they are located at various areas in university campus. Disclosure of each open building to the public may be contributing to the formation of openness in the university campus. Since universities are required to contribute to their societies in recent years, the openness of campus is necessary to promote campus opening to their communities. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to clarify the openness of national university campus in Japan in relationship to layout of open buildings to the public. Firstly, the characteristics of open buildings to the public are analyzed based on openness by the use of buildings and their layout in university campus. It was found that open buildings to the public were classified into three types of openness by the use of buildings : active use by the public (Rank A), possible use by specific external users (Rank B), and use mainly internal users but also by the public (Rank C). It was additionally discovered that most of those buildings belong to Rank C. It was also found that open buildings to the public tended to form the open unit by assembling each other or locating next to a square. In addition, it was clarified that open buildings to the public were placed on the campus in accordance with their openness such that buildings and open units actively used by the public (Rank A) were located near the main gate and open units mainly used by internal users (Rank C) were placed at the center of the campus site. Secondly, openness of university campus are clarified through characteristic of open buildings to the public and campus environs. As a result, we found characteristics of openness of university campus from the viewpoint of the layout of open buildings to the public. In a campus that has buildings with relatively high openness (Rank A or B), area near the gate is used by external users. In a campus that has buildings with lower openness (Rank C), the central area of the campus is disclosed mainly to internal users. In a campus with both of their types, openness is gradually higher from gates to the center of the campus. It is found that the relationship between openness of university campus and campus environs. In campus near the gates were used by external users is nearby the station. In campus the central area of the campus is disclosed mainly to internal users is provided with a square and green spaces on the site boundary so as to connect with campus environs. Moreover we found that there were 2 type of formation processes in university campus with gradual openness from its main gate to its center: in one campus, its main gate was firstly disclosed and the open part was gradually extended to the center of the campus, and in another campus, its center is disclosed before the open part was expanded to its main gate. Based on the above results, this provides a viewpoint to understand the openness in a university campus based on its buildings and significant as a basis of recognition to design campus openness in future campus maintenance based on its current openness through the construction of new open buildings to the public and utilization of existing buildings for public use.

著者

畑 智子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.532, pp.231-238, 2000

参考文献数

29

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From the study of the Japanese buildings and the exhibits at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904, St. Louis, it came to clear that Japanese buildings were built in the three areas, Japanese government place, each Japanese section of the exhibition buildings by the U.S.A., and in the 'PIKE' that was an entertainment place. All Japanese buildings were traditional Japanese style, and made by Japanese carpenters like the exhibition at Philadelphia 28 years ago. But we can recognize some element of transformation in the technique and the materials in that buildings. It is one of the transitional time at the fair of St. Louis through the international exhibitions in 19-20th century.

著者

橋本 都子 上野 佳奈子 倉斗 綾子 赤松 佳珠子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.645, pp.2347-2355, 2009-11-30 (Released:2010-04-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

5 4

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This study investigated the evaluation of ‘impression’ and sound environment for open plan type classrooms by elementary school children and teachers. From the results, it has been found that the children and teachers have good impressions for open-plan type classrooms. From evaluation of teachers, there was indication that an area around a desk of a child was narrow. From the evaluation of children, we understand that good ventilation, moderate brightness, sufficient space and adequate room temperature were important elements for classroom environment. In cases of schools, which were designed in consideration for acoustical environmental benefit, there were no effective evaluation given by children even though the acoustic characteristics improved. The challenge for the future design of open-plan classroom in elementary school is the realization of open-plan spaces with visual connections that retain the good impressions with high level of acoustic environment.

著者

西川 亮 中島 直人 窪田 亜矢 西村 幸夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.740, pp.2597-2607, 2017 (Released:2017-10-30)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

3 5

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This research focuses on the city planning of Beppu city before WW2. Beppu is one of the famous tourist destinations in Japan since late modern period. Its start of city planning was a road development project started in 1906. It lasted for about 20years and the road of the Beppu city changed to grid patterns. After city status were given to Beppu in 1924, the discussion about the city planning of Beppu city started. Because Beppu had unique characteristics as a tourist destination, city planning engineers from the Japanese government had much interest in and expectation to the planning. On the other hand, engineers from Oita prefecture and Beppu city, who were in charge of the planning, struggled with the methodology to plan. The city planning law was applied to Beppu city in 1927 and just after that Mr. Hiroyuki Kayanoki, an engineer from the Home Ministry, visited Beppu city and decided the vision of Beppu city as “the city with a scenic view and hot spring”. Along the lines of the vision, engineers from Oita prefecture and Beppu city cooperated and worked together on the planning of streets in 1932 and land use in 1935. Characteristics as a tourist destination were reflected in the planning of them. As for the streets, the railway track and the street was planned as grade intersections to avoid the atmosphere of the tourist destination. As for the land use, the ratio of the industrial areas was only 3% of the city planning area. However, the planning regarding streets and the use of land only covered the city central area and most of the suburbs had no city planning. This situation encouraged Beppu city to make plans on its own in 1937, which was called as “Sento Toshi Keikaku (Hot spring capital city planning)”. Beppu city created the plan with the help of Dr. Tokutaro Kitamura, who was an engineer from the Home Ministry, and Prof. Eitaro Sekiguchi, who was a specialist of landscape architecture. It included the planning of streets, parks and tourist facilities. Also Dr. Tokutaro Kitamura was in charge of the planning of scenic districts. The scenic districts surrounded the city area. Not only natural areas but also tourist attractions and recreation areas for residents were also included in the scenic districts. Even after the Sino-Japanese war was started in July 1937, Beppu city continued making efforts to realize the plan. One large park was created following the Sento Toshi Keikaku with the help of a private company in 1942. Three large land readjustment plans were designed to control over lands, which were owned by owners outside Beppu city. In the previous research, it was mentioned that the city planning technique for the tourist destination before WW2 was the “park system”, which connects parks by roads. However, in Beppu, one of the famous tourist destinations in Japan, how to control land and space were one of the issues to be solved by city planning techniques.

著者

青柳 憲昌

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.654, pp.2073-2080, 2010-08-30 (Released:2010-10-08)

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The design for the reconstruction of the primitive dwellings at the remains of Toro was entrusted to Masaru Sekino who had been got involved with this nationally monumental research project from the beginning when the site was discoverd in 1943. In the process of making an “ideal” form of the dwellings, Sekino focused on giving a reasonable structural system to the image of ancient dwellings shown in archaeological relics, which was based on his architectural thought relating to the concept of design(style) and technology. In order to recreate the original design, as a consequence, original building technique, such as construction process, details of joints of structural members, and especially its structural system, was deliberately and eagerly recreated grounded on inevitably scarce academic evidences that was to be completed with his “imaginary restoration,” although adding structural reinforcement in the back or anti-deterioriation devices due to the actual demands as a contemporary construction.

著者

水野 貴博

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.654, pp.2029-2037, 2010-08-30 (Released:2010-10-08)

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In the 19th century Budapest, two exhibitions were held in the park Városliget. For the first exhibition in 1885, Industry Pavilion was built as the main building at the center of the axial structure of the site, but for the Millennium Exhibition in 1896, History Pavilion, the new main building, should be emphasized more than Industry Pavilion. To solve this problem, a new entrance was planned at the end of the Andrássy Street, a radial street which connected the center of the city and the park, and a promenade circuit was introduced to connect all major pavilions in the site. History Pavilion was built as a complex of imitations of several historic buildings in Hungary and placed picturesquely on an island in a lake. After the exhibition, a square was formed at the entrance and the History Pavilion was rebuilt as a durable building. The adoption of a promenade circuit as the main traffic line and an asymmetric picturesque building as the main pavilion was unique solution at the time, since most of the sites of the world exhibitions in the 19th century were based on classical symmetrical layout.

著者

倉方 俊輔

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.578, pp.177-184, 2004-04-30 (Released:2017-02-09)

参考文献数

24

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The aim of this study is to clarifying the design works of Chuta Ito (1867〜1954), who have had a great influence on modern Japanese architectural history, through the historical material drawings that were newly found. In previous studies, the 11 projects in the Meiji Era were referred. And the method of Ito's design works was analyzed. In this paper, designs of the 34 projects in the Taisho and Showa Era and their planning processes were shown.

著者

石田 建一

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.501, pp.29-36, 1997-11-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

11 10

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The energy consumption structures of the single-family houses were investigated by the questionnaire. The houses for the investiga- tion were the industrialized house built after 1985 and an insulated performance that adjusts to the Japanese building thermal insulation standard. The results of the secondary energy consumption of an average single family were 15.5MWh. In average, 40% of the total energy consumption in residential house was use for domestic hot water heating, 26% for space heating, 24% for house hold appliances, 9% for cooking, 4% for space cooling. The primary energy consumption of an average single family was 22.7MWh. The carbon dioxide discharge rate of an average single family is 1.95t.

著者

高橋 暁

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.642, pp.1945-1950, 2009

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This paper aims at analyzing the conceptual interactions and the integrated application of the following three UNESCO's International Conventions in culture through examples in Cambodia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Afghanistan, and Iraq: 1. Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict and its 1^st Protocol (1954) and 2^nd Protocol (1999), 2. Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (1970), 3. Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage (1972).

著者

後藤 さゆり 在塚 礼子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.554, pp.117-121, 2002-04-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

25

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This study aims at accounting for validity of the theory of space by O.F.Bollnow for dwelling environmental education, and trial study on making clear of the characteristic of "Raum, den man hat" Bollnow said by considerations about the representation of Primary Scenes. According to the theory of space by Bollnow, it is principal understanding of space on the true meaning to dwell that man get "Geborgenheit" in "Raum, den man hat". As a result, Primary Scenes are valid for realizing "Raum, den man hat" through having unity with man, and "Geborgenheit".

著者

北 雄介 門内 輝行

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.651, pp.1159-1168, 2010-05-30 (Released:2010-07-26)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

4 3

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The city is so complicated that we can hardly describe its totality. The purpose of this study is to clarify how we perceive cities, and what we recognize there. We introduce the concept of modality in order to grasp the total phenomena between human and environment as the global meaning of cities. We conduct walkthrough experiments in Kyoto City, and ask subjects of those experiments to write down what they feel as it is. The results are as follows.1) A theoretical model of urban modalities is constructed based on possible world semantics.2) Urban modalities can be described and visualized based on the data of walkthrough experiments.

著者

松永 幹生 後藤 春彦 吉江 俊

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.760, pp.1411-1421, 2019 (Released:2019-06-30)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 3

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Edward Relph, a Canadian geographer said that there are psychological connections named “sense of place” between people and place, and they are important in terms of making good places. In Japan, It is said that the urban developments without consideration of psychological connections have destroyed places and their social memory. The purpose of this research is to analyze the character and inheritance of “sense of place”, by observing habitual use of places inherited in university students in Takadanobaba. There were three investigations and followings were obtained: 1) The whole picture of places where university students usually use It became clear that the places where university students usually use can be divided into fifty four groups based on the industry classification. University facilities, Izakaya, Ramen shop etc. were the most popular places. And it became clear that the places where university students usually use can be roughly divided into nine groups through analysis of purpose for using place. There are the places for intellectual activities, cultural activities, sports, shopping, drinking parties, eating, gathering, killing time and rest. Moreover, it became clear that university students were relating nine places with each other to be network. 2) The target youth’s formation process of Local-oriented mind 162 habitual uses of places are gained through the survey. They can be roughly classified into two actions. One is action done by using necessary items already prepared in the places, and the other is actions done by bringing necessary items from other places by themselves. The latter is done in the outdoor space, and it became clear that it is done outside of university more than inside of university. It is confirmed that most places where habitual use of places are done were located around each campus and Takadanobaba Station. And it became clear that many habitual uses of places are done in three types of places; places for leisure activity, places as node, and places for moving. 3) Actors for inheritance of “sense of place” 134 habitual uses of places are inherited beyond school grade. Groups or people keeping on planning events and the groups with multi-generation members are main actors for inheritance of the habitual use of places, thus they are considered to be one of the actors for inheritance of “sense of place”. And it became clear that two environments were important for the inheritance of “sense of place”; appropriate urban space for purpose and the experience of seeing behavior of others.

著者

矢部 恒彦

出版者

一般社団法人日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.635, pp.185-192, 2009-01-30

被引用文献数

2 1

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There are two types of skateboarding places at public parks in Tokyo. One is the purpose build parks; the other is the appropriative sites. When skaters discover an appropriative site, they stay the site as they can, take their own boxes and ramps, and make a small group for the maintenance. They name there group "local" (e.g. "Akihabara Local"). In Japan, primary sites have been moving from the appropriative sites to the purpose build parks, science 1990's. Refers to an short interview with the 64 users of a park and two sites, the notions of the skaters has two tendencies as follows; (1) the needs for the adequate place to skateboarding move, (2) for the appropriation itself to make relationships of the skaters group. Corresponding this youth culture, the local governments has build and maintain the purpose build parks, and cooperated with the locals to keep a few appropriative sites.