著者

近藤 ふみ 定行 まり子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.653, pp.1647-1654, 2010-07-30 (Released:2010-09-03)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

7

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Recently, there has been a great demand for day nurseries in Japan. The purpose of this study is to consider whether it is relevant to use the floor space of eating, napping and playing per person. We observed zero-year-old-children in detail during their stay in their nursery rooms. We also measured eating, napping and playing spaces of nursery rooms. 5 nurseries fulfilling the following criteria were selected; eat and nap in the same room, 6-12 children for each class, 3.0 m2-5.0 m2 per person in a room. As a result, we found that eating and napping space is 1.02-2.42 m2 and 0.91-1.83 m2 per person, respectively. Therefore, we figured that the necessary space of eating was 1.68 m2 per person and of napping was 1.23 m2 per person, respectively(4.11 m2 per person in total) in order to make comfortable nursery room. In case the development levels of children who compose a class differ widely, it is impaired for them to crawl freely and safely.

著者

寺内 美紀子 町田 敦 坂本 一成 奥山 信一 小川 次郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.554, pp.159-166, 2002-04-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 3

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The aim of this study is to clarify the spatial composition of exterior void space in contemporary architecture forming a street wall. That composition is formed by relationship between arrangement of exterior void space and connection with spaces without site and inside of building. Arrangement is integration of void's position on outside volumes and division of outside volumes. Connection has two ways that accessibility or openness to the eye. Comparing the patterns of composition, they are classified into three groups; passage, end, extension of inside space. An alternative composition is found according to opposite of these groups.

著者

梅干野 晁 何 江 堀口 剛 王 革

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.462, pp.31-39, 1994

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

28 3

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In order to make clear the effect of rooftop lawn-planting on the thermal environment, outdoore xperiments were carried out with lawn-planting mock-ups throughout two years. This paper for the first part of our study describes the outline of mock-ups and measurement items and measuring methods. Main subjects of the paper are about diurnal and annual characteristics of heat budget for the foliage layer of lawn-planting. The following items were analyzed with the experimental data. 1. Reflected solar radiation from the surface of lawn. 2. Radiant temperature of lawn and temperatures in the lawn-planting layers. 3. Heat flow below the layer of foliage. 4. Heat capacity of the layer of foliage.

著者

浅野 純一郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.556, pp.249-256, 2002

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper clarified an outline about the birth of Cyuou-douro street and the renewal process of buildings along the street and the change of vista. The improvement project of Cyuou-douro from 1922 to 1924 was the largest one in Nagano City of those days. The planning concept thought much of street view and vista toward Zenkouji-temple.Residents there also thought the appearance and fire prevention and built houses and stores.After then the redevelopment undertakings from 1970 to 2000 have made building height irregular and have spoiled the vista.Because the experience of the big project of about 80 years ago is peculiar to Nagano City, it is important to use it with caution for the future planning.

著者

石榑 督和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.733, pp.793-803, 2017

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&nbsp;This study examined the formation and transformation process of the Wadagumi Market constructed facing the Shinjuku Station during the post-war reconstruction period, as well as the changes in the main constituents of the market. The study examined the urban fabric of the Wadagumi Market and its surrounding area that were reconstructed every few years from the 1930s to the 1960s. Furthermore, the changes in land ownership were examined, and by comparing both, the change in the urban fabric of the market and the land ownership, the relationship between spatial changes and land rights are discussed.<br>&nbsp;The district examined in this study has the following three characteristics. First, the nature of the district was different in the pre-war and post-war periods. The district was lined with warehouses and theaters pre-war, but post-war it was transformed by shops lining the entire district. Second, among the markets that originated as black markets in the neighborhood of the Shinjuku Station, this district was among the earliest to have market organization carried out by land-readjustment projects for war-damage reconstruction. Third, while the Wadagumi Market was constructed by one constituent, it had three types of rights related to building use. The following were the findings of the study.<br>&nbsp;First, the Wadagumi Market straddled three city blocks and the building use rights differed for the markets of each block, being short-term leasing, long-term leasing, and building purchase, respectively. In the land-readjustment project for war-damage reconstruction, each of these three types of market were organized and relocated on land that was offered as a substitute. One of the markets that was relocated developed into what is today Shinjuku Golden Gai.<br>&nbsp;Second, the control of the market by Wadagumi officials continued even after the Wadagumi was dissolved in July 1947. There was repeated reorganization by the proprietors, but the Wadagumi officials continuously assumed leadership.<br>&nbsp;Third, there was dissolution of large tracts of privately owned land. The study examined the process by which the district concerned, which was owned by one constituent in 1930, was subdivided in the post-war reconstruction process and multiple landowners came to possess the land.

著者

黒岩 千尋 中川 武 溝口 明則

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.719, pp.195-202, 2016

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One of the greatest characteristics of Preah Vihear Temple is the repeatedly pairs of "口-shape" "田-shape" building. These buildings called "annexed building" are almost limited to guideline on research, and they were not deemed about functions and features. Originally in Khmer temple architecture, architectural styles and functions of the main constituent building like main tower and library are not particularly changed, in contrast, vigorous emergence of "田-shape" architectural style is remarkable. This paper focuses on "annexed building" especially "口-shape" and "田-shape" buildings in Preah Vihear Temple, to consider the significance of these buildings and its transition process by comparison of spatial characteristics, temple layout, and functions, "annexed building" shows the transition tendency of whole picture of Khmer architecture. Through the analysises, this paper points out the characteristics of Preah Vihear Temple as "vertically-oriented" layout temple and the provincial city in flourishing ages of Khmer empire.

著者

中嶋 節子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.459, pp.185-193, 1994-05-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

52

被引用文献数

1 4

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At the beginning of Showa era, surrounding mountains were highly noticeable factors in the landscape of Kyoto. There were two reasons for this. Firstly, the mountains became more important from the viewpoint of urban development. And lastly, the mountains attracted tourists and gained economic value. However, a new idea of forestry was required to maintain the ideal landscape because of the gradual changes in the landscape of forests. Artificial forests as well as cities were for the first time considered necessary in creating an ideal landscape. This paper examines that the early Showa era marked an epoch in the cityscape conservation.

著者

平山 育男

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.707, pp.185-192, 2015

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The foundation water supply of Tsubame city was authorized on March 31, 1938, the design change was carried out on November 18, 1938 just after that, and the ceremony for the completion was accomplished on November 8, 1941. Tatsujiro Nishide of the advisor, Chiaki Matsumoto of the engineer were invited for construction. The water tank of the water tower at Tsubame extremely resembles the former water tank at Nakatsu placed the drawing on the book in those days. Because the water tower tank at Tsubame was forced to a short-term design change, it was designed using information of Nakatsu.

著者

砂本 文彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.694, pp.2637-2646, 2013-12-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

被引用文献数

1

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This paper aims to analyze the formation of residential area of the naval city Kure between 1890 and 1930. Spatial characteristics of them are clarified focusing on drought compensation caused by the construction for waterworks of The Naval Station and municipal water supply system. Irrigated agriculture had suffered shortages in irrigation water after the construction of the waterworks. Drought compensation among The Naval Station and land owners had influenced land use in irrigated area. Market of house for rent depending on land rent defined as Kokudai had changed agricultural land use into residential land development.

著者

菅原 麻衣子 鈴木 孝明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.745, pp.385-395, 2018 (Released:2018-03-30)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

2

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Following Part 1 of the research, this paper, Part 2 continuously focuses on the educational environment of students who have profound and multiple disabilities and need daily medical care in schools for special needs education. The objective of the whole research was to identify the points needed for the development of school facilities from the perspective of medical care. The research method and the analytical data used in Part 2 are the same as those in Part 1. The nationwide questionnaires were conducted in 2015, targeting all schools (281) for special needs education with a department of physical disabilities in Japan. The responses from 160 schools (56.9%) were collected. In the questionnaires, we established the following sections and divided the problems based on their features such as priority, facilities improvement, or teachers' creativity: 1) problems solved through repair or renovation, 2) problems remaining despite repair or renovation, 3) problems that teachers cannot solve by themselves, 4) considerable problems in school planning despite teachers' capacity to manage them, and 5) problems solved through teachers' creative use of space and human resources. The data was analyzed using KH coder developed by Higuchi (2001) as text mining software. A total of 688 problems were obtained from the questionnaires. The co-occurrence networks by using the software in each section were drawn; through this method commonality of the problems could be sought. In Part 1, the problems and teachers' requirements for improving school facilities through the analysis of section 1 -4 were recognized. In Part 2, based on the analysis of section 5, the teachers' creative usage of space and human resources to solve problems were illustrated. In addition, a cross-sectional study of 1–5 was implemented. From the results, three main points to improve the educational environment were discovered. First, regarding the classroom planning from the perspective of medical care, a major problem that need to be considered was the limited amount of space for activities in classrooms, which was much more limited than expected. In classrooms, teachers had a tendency to create a corner for medical care and set up various equipment up such as humidifiers and air cleaners to prevent infections from spreading, pots that contained hot water to wash medical care products, carts to put commodities on such as suction equipment, general educational materials and self-supporting tools. Second, we identified the specific needs to improve facilities aside from classrooms, they are; medical care rooms, restrooms and the water supply. Medical care rooms are required to be located near classrooms and the infirmary and they must have adequate space for vital checks and medical care for multiple students at the same time. Restrooms tended to have a lot of problems even after being repaired or renovated, so it was important to consider the number of restrooms, the required space for care and changing of diapers, plus the ease to support those with physical disabilities. Water supply is an absolute necessity in classrooms and lunch rooms in order to wash students' hands and the medical goods. Finally, the characteristics of each need tended to be different depending on the type of medical care required. For tube fed students, lunch rooms should have adequate space so they can spend lunch with their friends. For catheterization, there needs to be an appropriate number of special booths and space, a required bed, appropriate layout to support students and sufficient lighting. For tracheotomy and the suctioning of phlegm, air conditioners, humidifiers and air cleaners are vital to prevent the spread of infections.

著者

金城 春野 小倉 暢之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.744, pp.307-314, 2018

被引用文献数

2

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&nbsp;More than 75,000 emergency houses, called the standard prefabricated house, were built in Okinawa after the war in approximately four years, beginning in 1946, which made a great contribution to reconstruction. The standard prefabricated house was designed by a local architect named Hisao Nakaza (1904-1962) at the U.S. naval military government Okinawa public works department on Nov. 30, 1945.<br>&nbsp;The purpose of this study is to clarify the details of the situation about the process, the design and the supply system of the standard prefabricated house, and to also clarify the actual factor of the massive and quick supply. This paper consists of five chapters.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 1 describes the background based on the career and articles of Nakaza and why he began to design the standard house. According to his career, he had experience with evacuation house construction in wartime. After the experience was evaluated, Nakaza designed the standard house at the U. S. naval military government Okinawa public works department.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 2 considers the standard house plan situation of the U.S. naval government from directions. The naval government gave orders that let local people resettle from camps to their original places of residence on October 23, 1945. Therefore, the government had to supply houses. The direction of October 31, 1945 shows the design guide of the houses. It is thought that the scale and materials of the standard prefabricated house were decided based on this.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 3 analyzes the design drawing. The standard prefabricated house responded to the situation of a lack of engineers in that the frames of the walls and roof trusses were designed as prefabs which were produced at a factory. Furthermore, the design can respond to the lack of material flexibly, and the choice of finishing materials depending on the local situation is possible.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 4 investigates Nakaza's article and the Okinawa public works department relations documents, and understands the supply system. For approximately four months, from January to May in 1946, the constructions were instructed by three people, including Nakaza. From the period of May, 1946 to the end of 1949, constructions were carried out by an organized system by the public works department of Okinawa civil administration. The department was able to settle the U.S. government budget directly. Architectural division managed the material yards and carried out construction by construction units. In addition, motor pools of the land transport division took transports.<br>&nbsp;Chapter 5 analyzes the monthly construction number on the activity reports of the U.S. military government and assumes the construction end time. Construction was carried out most actively during the periods from the beginning of 1946 to mid 1947. The first action system was good; more than 4,000 houses a month in December, 1946 and January, 1947 were built. There are construction reports until October, 1949, which show that the houses were built until about the end of 1949. A total of about 76,815 houses were supplied within four years, from January, 1946 to October, 1949.<br>&nbsp;As above, the standard prefabricated house was designed by architect Hisao Nakaza, and supervised by the U.S. military government, and managed by local government, and constructed by mutual support among residents.<br>&nbsp;The main reasons to be able to serve a large quantity and quick supply are as follows. (1) The houses were a prefabricated type which the residents could easily build. (2) The design could respond to the lack of material flexibly, and the choice of finishing materials depending on the local situation was possible. (3) The compact organization system could perform the stocking, manufacturing, sending, and budgeting execution of the construction.

著者

趙 斉

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.727, pp.2039-2047, 2016 (Released:2016-09-30)

参考文献数

18

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This thesis argues that the representations of ancient architecture in Chinese period movies, instead of only being criticized for its authenticity, could be considered as research materials in architectural history field, in the meaning of reflecting multiple factors and the relationship between them during the process of creating the images of “Chinese architecture”. Confucius (1940) , which is the first period movie in China that a professional architect, FEI Kang, was in charge of the research and design of the set, is selected to be the subject, and the relationship between the set design, the Chinese architectural history studies at that time, and the modern buildings, is being investigated. This thesis makes it clear that, facing a serious lack of reference materials for the Spring and Autumn Period (B.C. 770-B.C. 403), FEI Kang turned to materials from later times and adjusted them in a way following theories promoted by Chinese architectural historians in 1930s. The using of dougong of the simplest shape from later times in Confucius's residence set owes to the focus on dougong from architectural historians, and the simplification of existing buildings of Confucian temple to make the set of Apricot Pavilion reflects the rejection to ornaments also from architectural historians. At the same time, in the interior set for Confucius's residence, FEI Kang designed rectangle windows, which indicates an influence from the horizontal window of Modernism, to deal with the blank of research on interior in Chinese architectural history studies. At the end, this thesis concludes that the representation of ancient architecture in the period movie Confucius is thus a creative concretization of the ideal image of "Chinese architecture" implied in Chinese architectural history studies.

著者

畠山 雄豪 丹羽 由佳理 佐野 友紀 菊池 雄介 佐藤 泰

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.711, pp.1067-1073, 2015 (Released:2015-06-24)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

5

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The purpose of this research was to explore the influence on user's behavior by conditions of location. The analysis of the cafe user as “The Third Place” can be understood by observation research. The Third Place proposed by Ray Oldenburg means originally the social surroundings separate from the two usual social environments of home and the workplace, but the cafe in Japan advertise as third place meaning private working spots. By grasping the influence on user's behavior in the cafe through not only the Third Place was mainly conversation proposed by Oldenburg but private working in the cafe, it was cleared that the conditions of location and the ratio of property have effect on actions of use as the Third Place.

著者

山田 幸正

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.502, pp.219-224, 1997-12-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

24

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This paper refers to the actual condition of religious donation system, called Waqf among 46 existent wakala-s in Cairo, based on some findings of a field survey in 1994/95. Under the State Control of Waqf, the wakala-s in Cairo have lost the proper values and functions in present economic activities. Reviewing the outline of enterprises for waqf since the Mamluk period, their purpose and character have been changing gradually. In the framework of the system of waqf, however, these projects which were with constructing wakala-s as the central figure, have remained to play an important role in rehabilitating the stagnant districts by equipping with urban facilities.

著者

吉田 正二

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.657, pp.2747-2753, 2010-11-30 (Released:2011-02-25)

参考文献数

9

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This paper refers to a few observations on structural features of the Old City of Sana'a in Yemen, focusing on constituent elements of harah/harat, traditional neighbourhood units, and transition of land use. There are 56 harat in the city today. The area of the old city of Sana'a, which developed many times since the Saba era, was figured under the first Ottoman occupation. The main constituent elements of harah are a mosque, a green field called a maqushama which belongs to a mosque, houses, streets, and sharhat, small open square. Under the modernization, such as installation of water supply and sewerage system, Sana'a is changing in traditional harah politically, socially, even physically. Such circumstances affect historic environment of Sana'a.

著者

山田 幸正

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.489, pp.231-240, 1996-11-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 1

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This paper refers to a few observations on architectural features and historical changes of wakala-s in Cairo, reporting some results based on a field survey of 73 existent examples in 1994 and 1995. Wakala-s in the Mamluks period were constructed rather on a large scale and well-Organized, having a groin vaulted entrance passage-way and a trifoliate stalactite portal, as probably state facilities. From the 16th century onward. under the Ottoman, while the wakala-s remained to have the same arrangement of cells with vaulted alcoves, they adopted some peculiar features like a sgemental vaulted portal and corbelled salients, playing commoner roles ad urban commercial facilities.

著者

山田 英代 玉置 伸〓

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.483, pp.199-210, 1996-05-30 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

5 5

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This paper aims to analyze the changes in the structure of households with the elderly by the time trends, using census data. The conclusions afe as follows: 1. The ratio of the male of the single have been increasing at the middle ages, and that of female have been increasing at the sinior ages. And the most of the male of the single is under 50 years old, while over50 percent of the female of the single is over 50 years old. 2. The number of the elderly couple housuholds have been increasing rapidly. And the number become twice that of young couple in 1990. 3 The ratio of the stem family have been decreasing in all age groups. And that of households which are consisted of old elderly and their child's couple have been increased.

著者

清澤 裕美 吉澤 晋

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.548, pp.63-68, 2001-10-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

5

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The purpose of this paper is to quantitatively determine the rate of intrusion of cedar pollen to indoor environment, to estimate the exposure dose and to provide the control measures. Cedar pollens were determined microscopically on settle plates covered with adhesive material in wooden dwellings, flats, and several buildings. The settlements were variable according to the height and position of the rooms. The settlements on the floor were 1.5 to 2 times higher than at the breathing zone and those at just the inside of the windows were 5 to 6 times as much as at the center of the rooms. The rates of settlement were 0.4 to 0.8 p/cm2/day at the center of house and 1.9 to 2.8 at inside of windows. The intrusion rates were about 1.6% at the center of the house, 3.1% at the window and 26% at the places with opened windows. Throughout all the measurements, inside/ outside ratio, which is the simple ratio of settled pollen inside to those outside, was 1 to 2%. The calculated doses inside the room were 1 to 2% of outside. The doses become about twice at the windows and 10 to 20 times at places with opened windows of values at the center of house.

著者

日高 圭一郎 有馬 隆文 鵤 心治 坂井 猛 萩島 哲

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.597, pp.93-100, 2005-11-30 (Released:2017-02-11)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

2 2

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The purpose of this research is to clarify the location characteristics of shrines included in the "Pictorial Record of the Shights in Japan Fukuoka Prefecture" and to acquire basic knowledge about the effective uses of such shrines as local resources. The geographical features and microtopography around the shrines were quantitatively analyzed and the locations were classified into seven categories-cape, seashore plain, inland plain, basin plain, basin highland, mountain periphery, and mountaintop. By analyzing descriptions of local landscapes in the pictorial record, the authors also clarified that shrines located at capes and on mountaintops are appreciated for their views, and that based on these location characteristics, locations commanding a view of the sea can be positioned as local resources.

著者

高岡 一郎 西山 マルセーロ 土本 俊和 吉澤 政己 和田 勝 笹川 明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.536, pp.229-236, 2000-10-30 (Released:2017-02-03)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper examines the hard flat stones called Teppeiseki as the roofing material in Suwa district. The stones began to be used on roof in the Edo era to press roofing boards. The roof with boards and the stones varied during the Meiji era and finally changed into the roof with the stones and no boards. Above all the roofing made only of the diamond-shaped Teppeiseki stones prevailed for its good rainproof. The Teppeiseki stones started to cover the roofs of storehouses for cocoon in the 1890's and then spread to houses in the first quarter of the twenty century.