著者

ODERO James 夏目 欣昇 若山 滋

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.638, pp.993-1001, 2009

被引用文献数

1

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This study aims to analyze and clarify the urban and architectural spatial elements of the slums as depicted in the Kenyan urban literature by a renowned Kenyan writer, Meja Mwangi, where the slum areas in Nairobi play the role of stage. We first extracted all the urban and architectural terms from the texts and divided them into ten major categories for analysis. This we did in order to obtain the general urban and architectural space context of the slums. Next, we extracted the various stages used by the author to expound the plot of a story and grouped them into eight different categories for analysis. This we did by counting the total number of words that we used to denote the length of time the author dwelt on that stage to explain a scene. Lastly we re-extracted the urban and architectural terms as they appeared on the stage categories obtained above. From the observations on stage analysis, we were able to identify the major spatial spheres of the slums and their composition.<br> Our study showed that lifestyle in slums is very simple and temporary. Next, we established that streets, bar and restaurants and the homes are the major spatial spheres in the slums. These are cheap, simple and temporary in form and are composed in coexistence within a rowdy atmosphere. This lifestyle is similar the traditional African lifestyle in the villages prior to colonial rule, showing that lifestyle in the slums could be an extension of the rural lifestyle into the city. Understanding this is will be helpful in making future decisions to solve this problem.

著者

遠藤 由樹 土本 俊和 吉澤 政己 和田 勝 西山 マルセーロ 笹川 明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.532, pp.215-222, 2000

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

4 4

---

This paper traces the transition of the thatched vernacular house in Shinshu area from the medieval to the post-medieval. It targets the post between the ridge and the beam in Sasu-gumi which is one of the roof truss structures. The post tends to be seen in the upper class's house during the initial stage of the post-medieval era. The post probably comes from the post called Munamochi-bashira which can independently stand from the earth directly to the ridge in the medieval vernacular house. The paper concludes that the post forms important links which are missed between them.

著者

福原 由美 塩崎 賢明 堀田 祐三子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.590, pp.95-102, 2005

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

---

This study aims to describe the birth and to grasp the structure of Urban Pilot Project of the European Commission by investigating not only through documentary reference but also through the case study of Antwerp. From the results, UPP I has some characteristics as follows; 1) Any cities could apply for UPP I and be able to receive the subsidy directly. 2) Cities didn't need complicated process for UPP I 3) Innovative measures for urban regeneration and impinge on the formation of future urban policies. UPP I was very valuable source of revenue for these cities like Antwerp.

著者

中村 航 古谷 誠章

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.662, pp.755-762, 2011

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The Coffee Shop called Kopi Tiam in Malaysia is an interesting system of eating house as assembly of hawkers. The independent hawkers with each special meal are assembled by the shop's owner, and the owner provides drink stall and tables for eat. It is similar to Hawker Centre in Singapore or modern food court, but It seems to became a spontaneous system to sustain the quality of foods. The Coffee Shop in Malaysia is analyzed by compared with Hawker Centre in Singapore to clarify the system and know a type of the plan.

著者

板谷 敏正 小松 幸夫

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.741, pp.2939-2948, 2017

被引用文献数

3

---

&nbsp;In this research we conducted a long-term survey of the actual states of repair construction on buildings. From the investigation, we estimate the most suitable renewal cycle of the parts and equipment in buildings. If we know the appropriate renewal cycles of major parts and equipment in buildings, we can keep buildings in good conditions for long time.<br><br>&nbsp;1) In the first half of the analysis, we surveyed the current situation of repairing works conducted on 668 buildings. Preventative repair works are periodically carried out, however it was understood that the number and the cost of reconstruction after the malfunction takes much more proportion than those of preventative repair works.<br>&nbsp;2) In the middle stage, we researched the reliability and the failure rate of various part and equipment in buildings and estimated long-term tendencies. The rough life span of the building parts and the types of equipment were estimated from the calculated reliability functions. It was made clear that the life spans of them are almost about 30 years. The failure rate gradually increased a little around 15-20 years after completion.<br>&nbsp;3) In the final section, we used the total maintenance costs, calculated by the failure rate and the failure risks, and estimated the most suitable renewal cycle of the parts and equipment in buildings. As a result, it turned out that the failure risk has a large impact on the determination of the optimal renewal cycle. As for the electrical equipment, the suitable optimal cycle is around 20 years when the failure risk increases threefold. It will be around 15 years if the failure risk increases tenfold.

著者

合原 妙美 岩下 剛

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.559, pp.29-36, 2002-09-30 (Released:2017-02-04)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

5 6

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Field survey on indoor air quality was conducted in summer, autumn and winter season, in three elementary schools in Kagoshima city. In every classroom, in summer and autumn, the open degree of a opening was high, and CO_2 concentrations under pupils staying in the classroom were kept below 1000 ppm. In winter, since changing into the state where the opening was closed by the fall of temperature is expected, it is presumed in this case at the time of the lesson end for 45 minutes that indoor CO_2 concentration reaches at about 2260 ppm. The CO_2 emission rate from one sixth grader child was calculated as 0.014m^3/h. In the state where the opening was closed, by operating two sets of ventilation fans, the air change rate of 3 h^<-1> or more is secured, and it is thought that indoor CO_2 concentration is also set to below 1500 ppm at the time of the lesson end.

著者

杉田 洋 佐藤 隆良 村川 三郎 平賀 慎 大石 洋之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.607, pp.135-140, 2006

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

---

It is difficult to entrust contractors with daily cleaning services in government offices due to security reasons. Therefore, the quality of cleanness in those rooms is ensured by room users' self-cleaning works. In order to study how to improve the quality of cleanness in those rooms where daily cleaning services are not provided by any contractor, such as "Office work room", "Meeting room" and so on, we assessed the actual situation of room users' self-cleaning works in this study. In detail, room users' self-cleaning works were classified under 4 categories according to the type of cleaning works, "Floor sweeping", "Floor wiping", "Desktop cleaning" and "Trash & ashtray cleaning". And the frequency of cleaning works as well as the number of room users who performed it in respective categories was surveyed. Further, it was analyzed that the relativity between the room users' actual cleaning performance and the result of self-evaluation on the degree of their practice. Also, our study assessed factors which affect the self-evaluation on the frequency of their self-cleaning works such as "Frequently", "Occasionally" and "Hardly".

著者

金 俊豪 三橋 伸夫 藤本 信義

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.615, pp.75-82, 2007

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

3 1

---

The subject of this paper is to clarify users' evaluation related with spatial components of resting space in shopping street. The conclusions are as follows: 1) As for shrubbery, the front building window ratio and space type, the relation with the users' evaluation is high, the ashtray, automatic vending machine etc. the relation with the users' evaluation is low. 2) Three viewpoints of design nature, opening nature, and activity nature were able to find out it as the rest space evaluation viewpoint of the user. 3) In design nature, when there are the spatial component elements such as shrubbery and fountain evaluation becomes high. In opening nature and activity nature, the space type and building window ratio etc. evaluation becomes high.

著者

佐々木 健 勝又 英明

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.716, pp.2221-2229, 2015 (Released:2015-11-11)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

10

---

The following information was revealed about the role of main halls and their use at disaster. 1. Only 10% of temples were designated as evacuation space by local governments. However, people around undesignated temples expect temples to play a role as evacuation space. 2. Approximately 30% of temples designated as evacuation space have been used in the event of a disaster. 3. Temples with the intent to serve as evacuation space in the event of a widespread disaster accounted almost nine out of ten. 4. Only 36% of temples designated as evacuation shelters have built relationships with government agencies.

著者

香西 克彦

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.570, pp.141-146, 2003-08-30 (Released:2017-02-09)

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In this paper, the universal definition of Mado is tried to be fixed regardless of any climatic differences. Universal definition cannot be fixed in the way of functionalism nor formalism, but it should be in the course of existentialism and ontology. The problem is the meanings which human beings living with Mado in reality experience phenomenally. Japanese short poems (Haiku) depicting experienced Mado are studied in comparison with some reviewers on Mado. In conclusion, regardless of practical differences by reviewers, the definition of Mado should be fixed in the topos. Mado is the very human topos experienced as the boundary of inside and outside.

著者

池田 朋子 大貝 彰

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.492, pp.149-156, 1997-02-28 (Released:2017-02-02)

参考文献数

86

被引用文献数

4 3

---

Researches on spatial images in words are synthesized to understand their present condition and analysis methods. Seventy papers are categorized into the three fields; 1) history of architecture 2) architectural space 3) urban and rural space. Then, in each of the fields, their purposes and texts and the methods used for their analyses are examined. And the difference of the style of texts are understood to think about the difference of the methods and their developing processes. In conclusion, methods of researches on spatial image in words are influenced by the style of texts. Researches have abilities to advance in comparative studies and interdisciplinary fields.

著者

井上 晋一 髙田 光雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.738, pp.1881-1891, 2017

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&nbsp;In the current Japanese urban areas, bonds of local residents have been dilutive, under the influence of low birthrate, aging, personalization of life, and diversification of values. After Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, these problems become obvious, and there has been a growing demand to regeneration of neighborhood community.<br>&nbsp;The purpose of this study is to explore the way of planning of open type dwelling unit to activate the community. This paper examines the relationship between the dwelling unit plan and the formation of territory on 3-dimensional streets in case of the experimental housing "NEXT21". Especially, focusing the "Visual connection" between a living room and a 3-dimensional street, we analyzed the spread of personal areas on 3-dimensional streets.<br>&nbsp;If there is a "Visual connection" between a living room and a 3-dimensional street, it caused the "intermediate space" with the device in the vicinity of the boundary. The device is the invitational design technique, also the exclusive design technique. Due to differences in the arrangement of the "intermediate space", they were classified into five types of "Visual connections" between a living room and a 3-dimensional street. To target the dwelling unit that has direct "Visual connection", we analyzed "Areas of comfortable" and "Areas to be worried about if there are strangers". "Areas of comfortable" are recognized as the private areas of proceeds. "Areas to be worried about if there are strangers" are recognized as the areas visible from the familiar life spaces.<br>&nbsp;If the living room of the dwelling unit is spread in the "intermediate space", "Areas to be worried about if there are strangers" are formed in the areas of "Visual connection" with not only the living room but also the "intermediate space". Furthermore, "Areas of comfortable" are formed in the areas of the invitational quality. However, "intermediate space" having a large opening prevents the formation of "Areas of comfortable" under the influence of the exclusive quality.<br>&nbsp;Through analysis, we were able to see how the private areas spread the living room to the "intermediate space" and 3-dimensional streets in stages. Simply not only to pursue the securing of privacy, but also it is necessary to perform open type dwelling planning in the hope that the community will be formed after a few years. There, it is important that "intermediate space"s become cores of communication, and connect in three dimensions by "Visual connections".

著者

神原 康介 窪田 亜矢 黒瀬 武史 田中 暁子 道喜 開視

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.724, pp.1333-1343, 2016

被引用文献数

1

---

Akahama in Otsuchi, Iwate prefecture is one of the areas severely damaged by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (3.11). A purpose of this paper is to clarify how residents used the evacuation places and shelters from emergency evacuation phase to refugee life phase in 3.11 in relation to the transition of disaster preparedness places and the transition of daily gathering places in order to get the suggestion about how to design a disaster preparedness place. In chapter 2, it is clarified that how evacuation places were used in three phases. In emergency evacuation phase, many residents evacuated to an elementary school, but there was flooded and many people got wet. In temporarily shelter use phase, residents could find a printing office near the school and about 140 people stayed there for 3 days. Many residents went to private houses and stayed. 3-chome residents could not find large facilities, so they went to a neighboring village. In refuge life phase, about 80 residents used the gymnasium of school, about 20 residents used welfare facility and 8 households used 2 vacant houses that were owned by Otsuchi-cho. In chapter 3 and 4, transition of disaster preparedness places and daily gathering places are clarified. In chapter 3, findings are as follows. 1) A damage of past tsunami was recorded, but evacuation behaviors or the places where people gathered was not passed down. 2) the understanding that a school was designated as a disaster preparedness place was widely shared. 3) In the late 80's, a numbers of preparedness place increased because of expansion of village. 4) In the late 90's, 1-chome's preparedness place was gathered to a school because a new gymnasium was built. 5) In the late 2000's, local organization decided that Akahama had 3 prepared places in terms of governance after a discussion that Hachiman Shrine didn't have a enough space. In chapter 4, findings are as follows. 1) A school and Community center had been the base of Akahama community. 2) A school had been the base of community, and that's why a school became center of disaster preparedness place in spite that there was not evacuation place during Sanriku tsunami of 1933. 3) A community center had been the base of community and located a little higher ground, and that's why disaster prevention materials was stocked before 3.11. In chapter 5, evacuation places and shelters in 3.11 are analyzed in three phases in relation to the transition of disaster preparedness place and daily gathering place. It is found that in emergency evacuation phase, a school had been known as a preparedness place in spite that in the past there was not evacuation place and gymnasium was located in dead end, and in 3.11 many residents were exposed to danger. In temporarily shelter use phase and refuge life phase, it can be necessary to think preparedness place not only inner village but also wider area, etc. In chapter 6, the following four points are suggested. 1) It is important to think the role of disaster preparedness place in the disaster phases. 2) Changes of a village environment and modernization of daily gathering place influence a numbers and characteristics of disaster preparedness place. 3) The actual condition of evacuation behavior such as gathering places in past tsunami disaster is necessary to be come up for discussion about the disaster prepared. 4) For the occurrence of a gap between evacuation places and disaster preparedness place, residential network is needed for a use of private houses or facilities, and also vacant ones owned by municipality should be prepared for an emergency evacuation.

著者

小野 芳朗

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.664, pp.1197-1204, 2011-06-30 (Released:2011-11-16)

参考文献数

18

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The forest around urban area was desolated tremendously by imprudent cutting trees in 19 C. Recovering of these forests was begun from the early 1900's to keep the trees for source of water supply, protection of landslide and scene from the urban area. This paper discusses the relationships between the preservation of the forest scene and its management, and the development as the park. Dr. T. Tamura who is a specialist on the scenery and the park, and Mr. U. Kugo who is a technocrat on the forest management of Okayama Prefecture participated in the manifestation and preservation of the scene of Misao-yama hill as a borrowing landscape from the Kohraku-en garden that is historical Daimyo garden. However, Dr. Tamura planned the forest park in the Misao-yama hill as a developing urban infrastructure for hygiene and recreation space.

著者

溝上 裕二 平野 吉信

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.720, pp.395-405, 2016

被引用文献数

1

---

This study examined the "Problem Seeking method" that is a typical method of architectural programming, in order to clarify the establishment process and the nature of its methodology structure as well as the development process after established, and then, to determine whether it is valid for today's architectural programming practice. For studying these issues, we had multiple interviews with those involved in its establishment, and analyzed author's study-notes and a variety of literatures that seemed to have influenced on its establishment. As the result, it was clarified that the "Problem Seeking method" have been established based upon the accumulation of huge theoretical and practical experiences as well as useful theories, ideas and heuristic approach exerted from the studies on various problem-solving methodologies, and that the method must be a very practical approach for architectural programming.

著者

浅野 伸子 平井 聖

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.530, pp.215-220, 2000

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 1

---

This study aims to clarify the state of samurai house and samurai classes residential district in the castle town Ueda at the end of Edo period, by researching historical materials, such as the plans, the regulations, the records, and the like. The results of the research are as follows; 1. Plans were drawn by black and red lines. Black-line means the official space. (That was offered from master to retainer.) And red-line means the part of addition. The extension of house was looked generally, besides it was often carried out at inhabitant's own expense. 2. The nine types of standard plan were fixed up, then those regulations were applied to a retainer's new house. 3. The influence of the regulation plans was confirmed about 70 per cent on the plans. But in almost all plans, the black-line's area was larger than standard's. As the number of regulation plans go up, the difference tend to increase.

著者

西野 佐弥香 高松 伸 古阪 秀三 平野 吉信

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.659, pp.149-157, 2011-01-30 (Released:2011-03-07)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1 4

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Today in Japan, there happens emergence of various professions and diversification of delivery systems. However, some points of the current building system don't accommodate to such changes, so it could cause damage to buildings' quality. To this matter, this study treats cooperation between participants in a building project as one way of enhancing buildings' quality. In these days, designers and constructors had close communication and realized high quality buildings in many projects. So the purpose of this study is to show a decision making process of design contents in Kyoto Takaragaike Prince Hotel led by Togo Murano and to consider how designers and other participants, especially constructors cooperated in this project.

著者

阿部 祐子

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.653, pp.1771-1777, 2010

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Victor Steinbrueck (1911-1985), a regional-modern architect in Seattle, was the leader of the historic preservation movement since the 1960s. He also proposed a vision of Seattle with the particularities shown as below. His focus was the characteristics and livability of neighboehoods and his vision has been mainly influential to the civic activists who resist against the orthodoxy that would make the city standardized.<br>1.The neighborhood core should be village-like, <i>i.e.</i> pedestrian-oriented and mixed use with low or middle-rise buildings, narrow streets, and public spaces.<br>2. Preservation of the historic districts was a measure to preserve and improve the neighborhood commercial cores.<br>3. Independence and autonomy of the old neighborhoods in Seattle should be enhanced by empowering the community.

著者

阿部 祐子

出版者

Architectural Institute of Japan

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.668, pp.2027-2032, 2011

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this study is to explore the preservation concepts of the Pike Place Market Historic District in Seattle, which was one of the earliest examples in the U.S. that included ideas of neighborhood conservation. To analyze the way to raise the concepts I studied the ideas and opinions expressed by the citizens' group advocating to preserve the district, especially by Victor Steinbrueck (1911-1985), an architect and the leader of the group.<br> The study shows that the preservation concepts based on Steinbrueck's socialism and regionalism were emphasized more clearly through a criticism on gentrification after the late 1960s. At that time Pioneer Square District, another historic district in the downtown, had succeeded in revitalizing by adaptive reuse of historic buildings, but at the same time low-income residents were forced out by steadily rising land prices and rents. Concerning that the communities around the Market would be lost for the same reason, Steinbrueck and other activists insisted to maintain communities and their activities as well as to preserve the market buildings. Thus the neighborhood conservation ideas were raised from a criticism against not only the urban renewal plan but also the historic preservation project that aim primarily to vitalize real estate market, and after the 1970s, such ideas were adopted in historic preservation policies of Seattle and other American cities.

著者

小林 剛士 鵤 心治 石村 壽浩

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.626, pp.811-818, 2008-04-30 (Released:2008-08-20)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1

---

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relation for commercial act between the Non-Area Divided City Yamaguchi and the Area Divided City Hofu, which is adjacent to Yamaguchi. At first, we investigated the trend of commercial locate among three area, central district, use district and suburb using data of the building confirmation in those city. Then we calculated the rate of consumption and absorption about commercial act in case study. At last, using those data, we considerate the relation for commercial act between the each case study and show the issue about the district that commercial facilities has accumulated on operating the City Planning Act in local city.