Twentythree crude drugs and related plants were examined for their anticoccidial activity by the use of the experimental coccidiosis in chicken. The activity was found in the dry leaves and calyxes of some Hydrangea plants. As the active components of H. macrophylla subsp. macrophylla forma macrophylla, febrifugines were isolated which have been known to be contained in Dichroa febrifuga and H. umbellata. However, although the febrifugines in the latter two plants were reported to be mainly trans, in the H. macrophylla plants, cis-febrifugine was found to be a major component and the trans-counterpart, a minor component. Furthermore, the cis-isomer showed no anticoccidial activity in chicken even at the concentration level of 25 times the effective dose (3 ppm, IE=100) of the trans-isomer.
1 0 0 0 OA センブリの栽培研究(第1報) : 発芽について
The methods of cultivation of Senburi-plant are not made clear yet. As one of the difficulties of cultivation is concerned with seed germination, authors studied the effects of soil moisture and amount of light on the germinability of seeds, using various nets which have different degrees of light-inter-ception. Germination test carried out in 1973 and 1974. Seeds were sown on the beds covered with above-mentioned nets in the shape of tunnels. The germinating ability of old seeds were tested, too. Tunnel covering of nets could prevent the penetration of light and wind into the seed bed, and then, soil moisture were held in stable conditions. Covering with Kurare-victoria lawn Black No. 600 and Daionet Black No. 600 of which the rates of light-interception were 50% and 50% respectively, were most suitable for the seed germination. When the rates of light-interception were higher than above, the germination percentages were worse and seeds germinated slowly, according to the low temperature of soil which occurred by the lack of the light, in spite of abundance of soil moisture. The plots of no cover and covering with Kurare-victoria lown White No. 300 of which the rate of light-interception was 23% showed the worst germination, soil moisture being unstable. Seeds stored in the natural seasoning did not germinate at all next year. But, some of seeds sown in the soil which did not germinate in the 1 st year germinated next year.
1 0 0 0 OA 中国の生薬"毛麝香"について
The anonymous chinese crude drug used in Formosa as a folk remedy of poliomyelites was studied. The Original plant of this drug was identified to be Adenosma glutinosum (L.) DRUCE belonging to Scrophulariaceae after comparative study with herbarium specimens. The etymology of vernacular nomenclature is also discussed.
1 0 0 0 中国の生薬"毛麝香"について
The anonymous chinese crude drug used in Formosa as a folk remedy of poliomyelites was studied. The Original plant of this drug was identified to be Adenosma glutinosum (L.) DRUCE belonging to Scrophulariaceae after comparative study with herbarium specimens. The etymology of vernacular nomenclature is also discussed.
1 0 0 0 西洋ハーブ「チェストベリー」の性状について
- 著者
- 酒井 英二 飯田 修 川原 信夫 邑田 仁 佐々木 隆宏
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:13499114)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.69, no.2, pp.48-52, 2015-08
Chasteberry, the fruit of Vitex agnus-castus, has been used in Europe from ancient times for medicinal purposes, and is described in De Materia Medica by an ancient Greece physician, Pedanius Dioscorides. Currently, chasteberry is listed in European pharmacopoeia and its medicinal products are widely distributed in the European market. A Japanese regulation on the marketing authorization application for pharmaceutical products including those with European herbal drugs as their active ingredients was promulgated by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in March 2007, and a pharmaceutical product containing chasteberry has been put on the market recently. Since there are several crude drugs derived from the plants belonging to the same genus as chasteberry, the morphological investigation of chasteberry has been performed in order to differentiate it from other crude drugs of the same genus.
1 0 0 0 OA 日本産ハチミツの粘度について
The color tone and viscosity of the Japanese honey was examined. The nearly maximum chromaticity of the Japanese honey was 580〜590 mμ represented by CIE system. The viscosity of the honey between 20 to 45 was related to the temperature and the content of the water, as the following equation: W=(-0.87t+91.5)/(logη) where, W, water content (%); t, temperature (℃), and η, viscosity(centi poise) respectively.
1 0 0 0 IR 漢薬「夏枯草」の生薬学的研究
- 著者
- 難波 恒雄 久保 道徳 御影 雅幸
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会 = The Japanese Society of Pharmacognosy
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.30, no.2, pp.p171-182, 1976-12
"Xia-ku-cao (夏枯草)" is one of the Chinese crude drugs used mainly as a diuretic. While in Japan, the same drug called "Ka-go-so" has been used as a folk remedy for gonorrhea, bruises and etc. Regarding the origin of "Xia-ka-cao," it was reported by Su et al. (1958) that those from continental China was originated in the fruited spica of Prunella vulgaris L. of Labiatae. It was, however, stipulated for the spica of Prunella vulgaris L. subsp. asiatica HARA in J. P. IX (1976). According to our survey of respective markets in Taiwan, Japan and Korea, most of the materials collected in the markets were seemed to be originated in Prunella plants, while some from Korea, were seemed to be Thesium plant of Santalaceae as reported by Ishidoya (1934). Furthermore from many descriptions and figures in various herbals (Ben-cdo-shil "Xia-ka-cao" is regarded to be originated in Prunella plants as shown Plate 1. To clarify the respective origin of five kinds of "Xia-ku-cad' from continental China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea, pharmacognostical studies were made in comparing them with Prunella vulgaris L. distributed mainly in Europe, P. vulgaris L. subsp. asiatica HARA in East Asia, P. prunelliformis MAKINO in Japan and Thesium chinense TURCZ. in Asia. By the present studies, it was clarified that all of "Xia-ka-cao" originated in Prunella plants were P. vulgaris subsp. asiatica, and the materials from continental China were consisted of spica only, while those from other countries were whole plants body of that plant, and some from Korea originated in Thesium chinense.
Methanol extracts of Myrobalan (1), knots of Wisteria brachybotrys (2), fruits of Trapa japonica (3) and Coix seed (4) were assayed for their inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activations by a short term in vitro assay in which lymphoblastoid cells (Raji) latently infected with EBV were used. The EBV activation by 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and teleocidin B was inhibited markedly by 1 and 2 but only weakly by 3. Coix seed (4) was found to show a significant in vitro cytotoxic effect on the Raji cells. The methanolic extracts from four mixtures of the crude drugs i.e., 1 and 4, 2 and 3, 2 and 4, and 2, 3 and 4, gave more enhanced inhibitory effects on EBV activation, with less cytotoxicity. These inhibitory effects on EBV activation suggested that these crude drugs possess antitumor promoting activities.
1 0 0 0 IR ツルウメモドキ中の抗菌成分の研究 : 有用天然物成分の研究 第21報
- 著者
- 堀井 聰 野口 友昭 松井 勇作 渡辺 順明 後藤 実
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.14, no.2, pp.91-94, 1960
In the course of studies on antibiotic components of plants, an antibacterial pigment was isolated from the outer bark of the root of "Tsuru-ume-modoki" (Celastrus orbiculatus THUNB.) after finding that a 50 % methanolic extract of the root of the plant had antibacterial activity. The pigment was identified as celastrol, which had been isolated from the root bark of Celastrus scandens by O. Gisvold. Further the pigment was found to have not only antibacterial but also antifungal and antitumor activities. Investgation was also carried out on some plants of the genera Tripterygium and Euonymus.
1 0 0 0 OA 日本産肉桂の研究(第2報) : 和歌山産並に鹿児島産肉桂に就て
- 著者
- 渡辺 武 後藤 実
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.6, no.1, pp.35-37, 1953-01-01
The quantitative determination of essential oil and cinnamic adlehyde was caried out on the leaves, bark of trunks, bark of branches, bark of roots of the Cinnamomum Loureirii Nees (Lauraceae) collected in Wakayama and Kagosima prefecture in Japan, and on the Cassia barks collected abroad (and brought to the market in Japan.) The determination was effected acordig to the method provided in J. P. V. with scant material a satisfactory result was obtained by the use of the essential oil extracting apparatus devided by the present authors or micro cassia flask. The quantity of essential oil and cinnamic aldehyde the collection. But as far as the bark of roots is concerned, the quantity compares favoures favourably with that of the Cinnamornum Cassia Blume, if the bark is fresh or stored in good condition. The refore, the bark of roots of the Cinnamoum Ioureirii Nees collected in Japan is valuable as vegetable drug.
1 0 0 0 正倉院薬物を中心とする古代石薬の研究
- 著者
- 益富 寿之助
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.11, no.2, 1957-12
1 0 0 0 OA センブリ属植物の生態と栽培(第5報) : は種期別にみた低温処理の効果
山口県秋吉台で採取したセンブリSwertia japonica MAKINO種子を1ヵ月おきに60日間低温(2°湿潤状態)で処理し,1975年2月から4月まで月1回は種した.また,対照として無処理(室内保存)種子を1974年12月から1975年4月まで月1回低温処理と各月の同じ日には種した.試験は鉢を用いて,ファイロンハウス内でおこなった.1)発芽は2月まきでよく,4月まきはひじょうに悪かった.2)発芽への低温処理の効果は3月まきと4月まきにあらわれ,発芽はよくなかった.3)生存個体数は1月〜3月まきで多かったが,なかでも2月まきがやや多くなる傾向があった.4)生長への低温処理の効果は3月まきと4月まきの1年生植物にあらわれたが,1年生の終わり頃からなくなり始め,2年生植物にはまったくみられなかった.5)鉢あたりの収量は4月まき無処理で少なかったが,あとの区間には差がなかった.6)暖地でのは種適期は1月〜2月といえるが,なかでも2月が最適時期といえそうであった.
1 0 0 0 OA 中成薬・牛黄上清丸の顕微鑑定研究
Method for the identification of powdered crude drugs, when not mixed with other crude drugs, has already been established. However, many of the Chinese patent medical preparations often include mixtures of several powdery crude drug ingredients. For the identification of individual ingredients in such powdery mixtures, microscopic method may advantageously be used as it requires only a small amount of specimens. In this paper, effectiveness of this method will be exemplified by the identification of the ingredients in niuhuang shangqing wan (牛黄上清丸) which contains 19 powdered crude drug ingredients.
1 0 0 0 OA アフリカに産する4種のセンナ類の葉の解剖学的研究
A clear distinction between Tinnevelly Senna and Alexandrian Senna by histological anatomy was found. The best way to find the distinction is the comparison by the degree of development of fibres in bundle of the costa. For that purpose, the leaflets of about 2 cm. in length were used. It was no good to use the leaflets less than 1 cm. and more than 3 cm. in length. We got positive proofs that the anatomical figure of Tinnevelly Senna after A. Tschirch which had been quoted in many textbooks of Pharmacognosy is not typical. It was characteristic of Italian Senna and Aden Senna that both their costa are not prominent under the leaflets and the cell wall of the base of hair is not so thick.
1 0 0 0 OA 漢薬「地丁」の生薬学的研究(第9報) : 本草文献学的考察
- 著者
- 布目 慎勇 難波 恒雄
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.38, no.1, pp.32-45, 1984-03-20
A description on the crude drug, "Diding" (地丁), appeared in Tai-Ping-Sheng-Hui-Fang (太平聖恵方) of the ancient chinese herbal literature (Song dynasty). Since then, a variety of plants have been used as "Diding" and their botanical sources of "Diding"s are uncertain in the literatures published before Zhi-Wu-ming-Shi-Tu-Cao (植物名実図考). In the modern literatures 50 or more species (28 genus of 14 families) are described as the botanical sources of "Diding"s. They were Viola spp. (Violaceae), Amblytropis spp. (Leguminosae), Corydalis spp. (Papaveraceae) and Polygala spp. (Polygalaceae). "Zihuadiding" (紫花地丁), "Diding"s with violet flowers, described in Ben-Cao-Gang-Mu and Ben-Cao-Yuan-Shi (本草原始) seems to be derived from Amblytropis spp. In Zhi-Wu-Ming-Shi-Tu-Cao, four "Zihuadiding"s are described. One of them is the "Zihuadiding" as cited from Ben-Cao-Gang-Mu. Others seem to be Viola spp., Polygala spp. and Scutellaria spp. (Labiatae).
1 0 0 0 OA 薄層クロマトグラフィーを用いるアマチャ中のd-phyllodulcinのけい光定量法
- 著者
- 萩原 義郎 小西 逞夫 黒川 信夫 橋本 庸平 立花 陽子
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.28, no.1, pp.47-50, 1974-06-20
A new method for the determination of d-phyllodulcin in Sweet Hydrangea by fluorometric measurements was established. After its seperation from other constituents by TLC and exposed to ultraviolet ray of 263.5 mμ, the d-phyllodulcin portion seperated by TLC gives blue fluorescence. By measurment of fluorescence intensity, d-phyllodulicin is determined quantitatively in concentration range of 1.0-4.0 μg/ml.
- 著者
- Namba Tsuneo HATTORI MASAO TSUNEZUKA MASA YAMAGISHI TAKAYOSHI KONISHI KENICHI
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.36, no.3, pp.222-227, 1982-09-20
- 被引用文献数
- 1
By the agar dilution technique, magnolol and honokiol, the components of Magnoliae Cortex, were demonstrated to have antibacterial activity against various strains of gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Peptococcus sp., Peptostreptococcus sp., Micrococcus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Eubacterium sp., Bifidobacterium sp. and Clostridium sp. with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 12. 5-25 μg/ml, but not against those of gram-negative bacteria. Both compounds were strongly bactericidal against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus etc., which were killed within 2. 5 mins in contact with the solutions of 100μg/ml.
1 0 0 0 IR センブリの栽培研究(第1報) : 発芽について
- 著者
- 宮沢 洋一 萩原 博司
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.29, no.2, pp.152-159, 1975
The methods of cultivation of Senburi-plant are not made clear yet. As one of the difficulties of cultivation is concerned with seed germination, authors studied the effects of soil moisture and amount of light on the germinability of seeds, using various nets which have different degrees of light-inter-ception. Germination test carried out in 1973 and 1974. Seeds were sown on the beds covered with above-mentioned nets in the shape of tunnels. The germinating ability of old seeds were tested, too. Tunnel covering of nets could prevent the penetration of light and wind into the seed bed, and then, soil moisture were held in stable conditions. Covering with Kurare-victoria lawn Black No. 600 and Daionet Black No. 600 of which the rates of light-interception were 50% and 50% respectively, were most suitable for the seed germination. When the rates of light-interception were higher than above, the germination percentages were worse and seeds germinated slowly, according to the low temperature of soil which occurred by the lack of the light, in spite of abundance of soil moisture. The plots of no cover and covering with Kurare-victoria lown White No. 300 of which the rate of light-interception was 23% showed the worst germination, soil moisture being unstable. Seeds stored in the natural seasoning did not germinate at all next year. But, some of seeds sown in the soil which did not germinate in the 1 st year germinated next year.
1 0 0 0 OA 牛黄清心丸中のHg及びAsの分析
- 著者
- 高野 伊知郎 瀬戸 隆子 安田 一郎 浜野 朋子 高橋 奈穂子 渡辺 四男也
- 出版者
- 日本生薬学会
- 雑誌
- 生薬学雑誌 (ISSN:00374377)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.47, no.1, pp.70-73, 1993-03-20
- 被引用文献数
- 1
牛黄清心九は,鎮痛鎮静,抗けいれんの目的で用いられる中国製漢方製剤(中成薬)である.本剤は宋の「大平恵民和剤局方」を出典とし,29種の生薬末からなり,鉱物性生薬である「朱砂」及び「雄黄」を配合しているといわれる.「朱砂」及び「雄黄」は,いずれも水銀(Hg)及び砒素(As)の硫化物であるが,Hg及びAsの毒性は化学形によって大きく異なることが知られている.我が国では「朱砂」配合製剤は,水銀製剤とされ,現在製造されていない.また,Asについても薬剤としての使用は大半が中止されている.しかし,中国では「朱砂」及び「雄黄」配合製剤は各地で製造され,その使用量も少なくない.また,製剤によってはこれらの配合記載が無いものもあり,その配合量も一定ではない.そこで,中国各地で市販される本剤中のHg及びAsの含有量を明らかにし,その化学形について解析を行った.