著者
横畑 泰志 横田 昌嗣
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, no.1, pp.1-12, 2000-07-19

Uotsuri-jima Island in the Senkaku Islands, southwestern Japan is a small island characterized by very valuable biota with high endemicity which has formed over a long period of isolation. The ecosystem on this island is under the risk of total destruction because of the presence of domestic goats, Capra aegarus, were introduced in 1978 by a private political party in Japan and increased to more than 300 individuals. This problem is made more difficult due to the territorial conflicts over the Islands by Japan, China and Taiwan.
著者
遠藤 友彦 高木 俊 菊地 玲央 小寺 祐二
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, pp.65-71, 2023 (Released:2023-10-04)
参考文献数
30

Recently, the wild boar (Sus scrofa) population in Japan has been controlled using leg snare traps. However, little is known about the operating characteristics of leg snare traps and the weight and age class of the captured wild boars. As the first step in our analysis, we measured the starting load of the leg snare trap. Further, we compared it with the wild boar weights. To examine the operating characteristics, we estimated the operating probability for each sex and age class from the measured starting load value and wild boar weight data. The average leg snare starting load was 14.8 kgf, and the starting load of the compression coil spring was stable. The operating probability increased with age class and was > 0.9 for both sexes over 1 yr-old. Our results showed that the leg snare trap was an effective method to capture female wild boars over 1 yr-old, which are reportedly highly fertile.
著者
古林 賢恒 筱田 寧子
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, no.1, pp.1-24, 2001-12-25 (Released:2017-10-17)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
2

By using documents handed in by local peasants for permission to use guns to counter agricultural damage by wildlife and records of deer hunting, the distribution of sika deer (Cervus nippon) around the Kanto plain during Edo era was demonstrated. As a result of the analysis of 540 historical documents, (1) agricultural damage was shown to have been caused by sika deer and boar, which were driven from fields all the time, (2) agricultural damage existed in lowlands, tablelands and hills, and happened only at fields, not in forestry regions, (3) complaints to agricultural damage was concentrated especially in the "takaba" regions, (4) agricultural damage occurred continuously through out the Edo era at each place. The similarity between land-use of the area where the documents continuously existed and that of the outskirts on the area suggests that sika lived everywhere at that time.
著者
二ノ宮 史絵 古林 賢恒
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.2, pp.63-77, 2004-02-25 (Released:2017-10-18)
参考文献数
43
被引用文献数
1

This paper describes a study of the spatial structure and gap dynamics of a beech forest affected by the overbrowsing by sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the eastern part of the Tanzawa mountain zone of Kanagawa Prefecture. Beech (Fagus crenata), walnut (Pterocarya rhoifolia), linden (Tilia japonica) and fir (Abies homolepis) dominate the canopy layer of the forest, but the shrub layer is dominated by epaullete trees (Pterostyrax hispidata), which are pioneer plants and unpalatable for sika deer. All seedlings except these are subject to great stress caused by sika deer overbrowsing. It assumed that epaullete trees invade and grow rapidly in many gaps in the beech forest, without competition from other species. On the other hand, seedlings of other species grow normally in areas protected by fence. In conclusion, control of the sika deer population is required for normal regeneration of the beech forest.
著者
中沢 智恵子
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, no.2, pp.19-38, 2010-03-01

The causes of the extinction of the Japanese wolf (Canis lupus hodophilax), once found in three-Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu-of the four Japanese large islands, were documented by surveying official documents of northeastern Honshu from the Meiji era (1868-1912). The results showed many instances of nuisance killings of the animals, motivated by attacks on free-ranging livestock by the animals. The extirpation policies and their implemental measures were planned and authorized by the prefectural administrations of Aomori, Iwate, Iwai (then occupying parts of both present-day Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures), and Miyagi. In Aomori Prefecture, the police killed wolves. In Iwai Prefecture, the police commanded hunters to conduct the nuisance killings. The government of Iwate Prefecture enacted a bounty system in 1875, and 201 wolves were killed in 6 years. The government of Miyagi Prefecture followed it in 1877. In Fukushima Prefecture, local people conducted nuisance killings. Besides, the documents showed that fur, meat, and other parts of wolves were traded and used in northeastern Honshu. Thus, it can be concluded that the nuisance killings and hunting of wolves in the late 19th century contributed to the extinction of these animals in northeastern Honshu.
著者
上田 剛平
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, no.2, pp.71-78, 2014-05-01 (Released:2017-06-16)
被引用文献数
3

There has been a marked decline in the hunter population in Japan. For the success of wildlife management, local governments should build a sustainable wildlife population management system (SWPMS). Here, I show the trend in the hunter population over the past 40 years and discuss the programs for building SWPMS. The decline in the hunter population started simultaneously across the whole of Japan from 1979. One of the reasons for this decline was that the hunting and gun ownership regulations were strengthened in 1978. As a result of these revisions, gun hunters have been declining since 1979. In contrast, the number of trappers, who desire to kill nuisance animals, has been increasing since the 1990s. According to our questionnaire surveys, which were conducted in 2012, the average retirement age of trappers (64.2 years) was younger than that of gun hunters (69.5 years). However, the average hunting career of trappers (9.3 years) was considerably shorter than that of gun hunters (40.0 years). These results suggest that the increase in trappers may not be effective for SWPMS. Three programs are necessary for SWPMS. The first is to increase the bag per hunter. The second is to increase and educate the candidates for hunting. The third is to provide economic incentives for population management activities. Implemented in combination, these programs would make it possible to build SWPMS.
著者
小寺 祐二 神崎 伸夫
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.6, no.2, pp.67-78, 2001-07-31 (Released:2017-10-17)
参考文献数
9

To analyze the status of wild boar (Sus scrofa), crossbred of pig×wild boar farming, and those feral populations, a written questionnaire was sent to 47 prefectural government offices, 679 branches of Dainippon Ryoyukai (Hunters Club) and 42 farmers. A verbal survey was also conducted on farmers in Gunma, Wakayama, Hokkaido, and Aomori prefectures. Breeding farms of wild boar and crossbreeds existed in 30 (63.8%) and 22 (46.8%) prefectures, respectively. The number of farms trippled between 1955 and 1964. It was the highest in the 1980s and the most popular motivation was to attract tourists. Feral crossbreds have been discovered in 36 prefectures (76.6%). The sources of feral animals were mostly unknown (69.8%). However, 0.9% of feral animals were reported to have been released intentionally. Almost half of the hunters (43.3%) surveyed responded to a question concerning their opinion of feral animals and they agreed to eliminate the animals. 23.0% welcomed them as hunting resources. Breeding was regarded as an industry that reinvigorated the local economy in Wakayama and Gunma prefectures. Delay of counter measures caused the feral crossbreed population to survive in Hokkaido.
著者
本藤 聡仁 鈴木 啓太 中西 麻美 山下 洋
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, pp.31-42, 2023 (Released:2023-04-27)
参考文献数
20

Under the guidance of Field Science Education and Research Center of Kyoto University, Kyoto Prefectural Nishimaizuru Senior High School has conducted annual surveys in riverine and coastal environments in late July since 2006 (in early August only in 2020). The survey areas consisted mainly of Isazu River, Maizuru Bay, and Tango Bay, Sea of Japan. Although the survey data were analyzed and summarized by high school students every year, the publication of the whole data sets will contribute to meta-analyses among regions and/or periods, and to environmental education at other high schools. Here we provide the following data sets: 1) surface water quality including temperature, pH, electric conductivity, turbidity, and concentrations of dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, suspended solid, and nutrients in 2006-2021; 2) species composition and density of coastal macrobenthos including fish and invertebrates in 2012-2021; 3) latitudes and longitudes of coastal surveys in 2012-2021; 4) vertical profiles of coastal waters in 2012-2021. As an example of the application of the data sets, interannual changes in nutrient concentrations and macrobenthos communities were analyzed.
著者
Kosuke Takaya Daiki Tomojiri
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, pp.75-82, 2022 (Released:2023-03-03)
参考文献数
42

The increasingly vast amount of widely available information on the internet provides novel opportunities to analyze levels and drivers of public interest and attitude towards nature. We investigate seasonality in public interest of six bird species in Japan for which observation data and Japanese Wikipedia pageview data are available. We identify seasonality by applying linear regressions and sinusoidal models to Wikipedia pageview data spanning a 6-year period from 1 October 2015 to 30 September 2021. High seasonality in public interest in four of these six species is apparent, especially for species with famous calls which people commonly encounter, and for species closely associated with Japanese culture. This suggests that both culture and seasonality are important determinants of public interest in these bird species in Japan. Increased urbanization decreases direct contact with nature, with online interactions between people and their environment becoming increasingly important. Bird phenology may inform people of seasonal changes, and play an important role in establishing the value of species in culture. Monitoring public interest, including seasonality, can improve our understanding of why people are more interested in some species than others, which in turn can be applied to improve conservation efforts.
著者
横畑 泰志 横田 昌嗣
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, no.1-2, pp.1-12, 2000-07-19 (Released:2017-10-06)
参考文献数
52

Uotsuri-jima Island in the Senkaku Islands, southwestern Japan is a small island characterized by very valuable biota with high endemicity which has formed over a long period of isolation. The ecosystem on this island is under the risk of total destruction because of the presence of domestic goats, Capra aegarus, were introduced in 1978 by a private political party in Japan and increased to more than 300 individuals. This problem is made more difficult due to the territorial conflicts over the Islands by Japan, China and Taiwan.
著者
石原 孝 亀崎 直樹 松沢 慶将 石崎 明日香
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物と社会 (ISSN:24240877)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.1, pp.23-35, 2014-12-01 (Released:2017-06-16)
被引用文献数
3

A nationwide interview survey was conducted from 2009 to 2013 to evaluate the state of sea turtle bycatch in Japanese coastal fisheries. A total of 1,074 fishermen and other industry representatives were interviewed at 175 sites, and 2,087 responses regarding the various fishing methods used were collated. Bycatch frequency of more than 5-10 sea turtles annually per operation was reported in large and small pound net, gill net, bottom trawl, boat seine, surround net, rod and line, and trawl fisheries. The highest bycatch frequency was reported from large pound net fisheries, especially in the Pacific coast of Shikoku, followed by the East coast of Ki-i Peninsula. However, bycatch frequency among large pound net fisheries varied widely by operation. Bycatch mortality rate in large pound nets were also divided, with 30 of 40 valid respondents reporting low or nearly 0% mortality rate, while 5 respondents reported high or nearly 100% mortality rate. Small pound nets also demonstrated a relatively high bycatch frequency, although lower than large pound nets. The findings of this study suggest that the priority for addressing sea turtle bycatch in Japan should be placed on individual large pound nets with high sea turtle mortality. However, mitigation measures for coastal fisheries bycatch should be developed to ensure fish landings, especially since sea turtle nesting activities in Japan are increasing and exhibiting recovery from past trends.
著者
Huygens Oscar C. Goto Mitsuaki Izumiyama Shigeyuki Hayashi Hidetake Yoshida Toshio
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
Biosphere conservation : for nature, wildlife, and humans (ISSN:13446797)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.3, no.2, pp.97-106, 2001-07
被引用文献数
4

Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus) depredation levels remain high in Japan even though over 1, 000 nuisance bears are killed annually, and an additional 1, 000 bears are killed during the hunting season. Nuisance activity includes damages to trees, crops, orchards, apiaries, fish farms, and other property. Landowners experiencing bear damages request hunter assistance. Hunters then set cage traps to catch and kill nuisance bears, and legally sell the parts, especially the gall bladders, of the bears they killed. We promoted non-lethal methods to reduce Asiatic black bear depredation in Nagano Prefecture from 1995 to 2000. Hunters were the most reluctant to adopt non-lethal methods to reduce depredation ; landowners were somewhat reluctant ; and municipal officials were the least reluctant. Hunter financial and emotional rewards for killing bears were large. Landowners were not actively involved in the protection of their property because they lacked know-how and resources, and because hunters offered an easy alternative. Reducing long term depredation may require the prefectural government to : (1) lead an aggressive and sustained campaign to teach landowners how to avoid conflicts with bears and to reinforce the fact that the systematic killing of nuisance bears has failed to reduce long term depredation in the past ; (2) encourage and finance widespread use of preventive methods such as the removal of bear attractants, the planting of crops that are not attractive to bears in areas at risk, electric fences, and the protection and restoration of broadleaf forests rich in bear foods ; and (3) change or remove the financial incentives linking the killing of bears to the protection of property. Furthermore, a national bear gall bladder tagging system would allow the monitoring of the legal national trade in bear parts and would help monitor annual bear kills.
著者
山城 明日香 山城 考 土肥 昭夫 伊澤 雅子 遠藤 晃
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan (ISSN:13418777)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.1, pp.47-61, 2004-12-27
被引用文献数
1

The food habits of the Kerama deer (Cervus nippon keramae) were investigated on the basis of feeding mark observations in the field, as well as fecal analysis. The feeding mark investigation found 118 plant species were eaten by the Kerama deer: 7 ferns, 23 woody plants, 35 forbs, 42 graminoids (Gramineae, Cyperaceae), and 11 non-graminoid monocots. With graminoids, many feeding marks were found on young leaves and reproductive organs. In the fecal analysis, the proportions of five plant categories (ferns, woody plants, forbs and non-graminoid monocots) dominated throughout the year at forest site, but the proportion of graminoids varied according to season at the marsh site. At marsh sites, the proportion of graminoids began to increase in March and was highest in August. These results suggest that the Kerama deer selectively eat high quality parts of graminoids. On this point, food habits of Kerama deer are quite different from those of Sika deer populations in northern Japan, where the proportion of graminoids increases in winter due to the lack of food. The study concluded that the food habits of the Kerama deer were the concentrate selector (CS) type.
著者
上田 剛平 小寺 祐二 車田 利夫 竹内 正彦 桜井 良 佐々木 智恵
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.2, pp.47-57, 2012-05-31 (Released:2017-09-07)
参考文献数
32
被引用文献数
5

The Japanese hunter population has been declining and aging since the 1970s. As hunters' removal of nuisance animals is important for the prevention of agricultural damage, their retention is critical for sustainably managing Japan's wildlife. In order to understand the reasons for the decline in the number of hunters and propose appropriate retention measures, we surveyed 1,409 people who did not renew their hunting licenses in 2008 and 2009. The respondents who revoked their trap hunting licenses were younger and had significantly shorter hunting careers than those who revoked their gun hunting licenses. The former had mostly carried on hunting for nuisance control until the cost of hunting became too expensive for them to continue. Therefore, provision of economic incentives could be an important retention measure. While the main reason given by both big game and bird hunters was the reinforcement of gun holding regulations, bird hunters indicated that the reduction in the number of game birds and loss of hunting area were also problematic factors. Thus, in order to retain bird hunters, it is important to improve the environmental conditions of bird hunting.
著者
小池 伸介 羽澄 俊裕 古林 賢恒
出版者
「野生生物と社会」学会
雑誌
野生生物保護 (ISSN:13418777)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.1, pp.19-30, 2003-02-21 (Released:2017-10-18)
参考文献数
44
被引用文献数
1

The authors studied the likelihood that seeds were being dispersed by the Japanese black bear (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) in a deciduous forest near Ashikawa Village, Yamanashi Prefecture. The forest was composed of 113 tree species. Japanese black bear ate fruits and seeds belonging to 37 species (including 7 unidentified). About 86.7 to 99.7% of seeds identified in 360 samples of bear feces were in good condition for 17 species (10 drupes, 5 berries, 1 multiple fruit of droplets and 1 pome). However, no intact seeds were found for 5 nut species. The germination rate of Yamasakura (Prunus jamasakura) seeds taken from feces was the same as for uneaten seeds. The results of this investigation suggest a high likelihood of seed dispersal by the Japanese black bear.