著者

高山 正樹

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.53-68, 1982-02-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

66

被引用文献数

2

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Despite its high income standards, Japan's housing quality is generally inferior to international standards. This is especially true in the metropolitan regions of Tokyo and Osaka, where the structure of the inner city economic system has created very serious housing problems, especially in the form of superannuated houses, and extensive vacant housing stock.This paper examines the development of inner city housing problems in the Osaka metropolitan region. Section one presents a historical analysis of these problems. Section two outlines the intricacies of the contempory problems, related to both general aspects of urban society, and specific physical aspects of housing provision. Section three is a discussion of the housing problem in relation to specific problems of the inner city. Section four analyses some official housing statistics for the Osaka metropolitan region.The major issues of this article are as follows:1) In recent years, urban residential lots have been increasingly subdivided, with many small houses built in the conjested inner area. In comparison to houses built on wider residential lots, these small houses become superannuated rapidly. In addition, they have contributed to a generally uncomfortable residential environment.2) Most of these small houses are private rental units, containing poor and limited facilities. To escape these conditions, there has been a large outflow from the central city to the suburban areas, leaving behind a large number of vacant houses that cannot easily be re-rented.3) Most of the people remaining in these private rental units earn low incomes, yet they pay a high rent in proportion to their total incomes. The housing problem is especially acute for these people.

著者

青木 伸好

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.1-22, 1980-02-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

3 1

---

A city exerts influences on its surrounding areas, but its effects are discontinuously produced. They are chiefly due to the situation of the surrounding areas. The author attempted to analyze this discontinuous urbanization in a case of Osaka and its surrounding areas, during Japan's industrial revolution, from the late Meiji to the early Showa eras. Osaka is the city where the modern industry developed earliest in Japan. But, since the Edo era, rural cotton industry was prosperous in its surrounding areas, especially both in Kawachi, the district to the east and in Izumi, the district to the south of Osaka. At that time it was more prosperous in Kawachi than in Izumi. But in the Meiji era, the cotton industry developed more in Izumi.In this period Osaka was not yet big enough to exert a strong infuluence on the surrounding areas. Economically Osaka had a close connection with towns in the surrounding areas. As towns developed earlier in Izumi, the district had a closer connection with Osaka. By establishing connection with Osaka, Izumi could develop cotton industry earlier than other areas.Though Kawachi is situated nearer to Osaka, few towns sprang up there and it could not establish a close connection with Osaka. And so the industrial growth there was much hindered. Besides in Kawachi agricultural growth was also retarded. In the Meiji era Kawachi was behind Izumi in view of economic development.But in the Taisho era, on account of the urban growth of Osaka, industrialization and urbanization were greatly advanced in its surrounding areas. This urbanization through expansion of urbanized areas does not matter whether many towns developed or not in the surrounding areas. Urbanization of Kawachi was one of this sort. Being situated nearer to Osaka, the number of commuters to Osaka increased in Kawachi since the Taisho era, and the industry began to develop there. On the other hand urbanization of this type was only faintly progressed in Izumi. The nature of urbanization of these two districts was different. The industrialization and urbanization were more developed in Kawachi than in Izumi. Kawachi economically reversed Izumi at this time.The inversion, in other words the discontinuous urbanization, of Izumi and Kawachi depends on strength of influence of Osaka on the surrounding areas and on the different regional situation in the neighboring districts.

著者

伊藤 悟

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.353-371, 1994-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

3 2

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the image and its regional background of cities in the Hokuriku District, Central Japan. The methodological framework consists of three preparatory questionnaire surveys, semantic differential (SD) method combined with direct factor analysis, and step-wise multiple regression analysis.Through the preparatory surveys, 18 municipalities (shi) were selected for the analysis as well-known Hokuriku cites in the Niigata, Toyama, Ishikawa and Fukui Prefectures, and 12 pairs of bipolar adjective words were gathered as the rating scales of the image evaluation in the questionnaire of the SD method. Undergraduate students of Kanazawa University located in Kanazawa-shi, Ishikawa Prefecture are the subject for the SD questionnaire, as well as the three preparatory ones.In order to extract the dimension of the city image, the evaluation data derived from the SD questionnaire was subjected to the factor analysis by the direct method, which does not standardize the data and thus starts with the cross-product matrix. Step-wise regression analysis was also utilized for searching the regional characteristics for the backgrounds of the image dimensions in the Hokuriku cities.As a result, three image dimensions were obtained. The first can be interpreted as 'yearning' for city since it is concerned with the adjectives 'urban' and 'lively'. Commercial activity and population size affect this dimension. In the Hokuriku cities, the most desired cities are Niigata-shi and Kanazawa-shi, where commercial activities have been highly concentrated and the population are largest.The second dimension is interpreted as psychological distance, or imaginary 'separation' for city. Real distance to a city increases this separation, and the population size of the city decreases it. The third is 'hesitation', which arises for far distant and industrial or transportation cities. On the other hand, the hesitation is less for Kanazawa-shi, the nearest city for the students, and Wajima-shi and Kaga-shi, which are tourist and spa resort places.

著者

鈴木 晃志郎

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.385-399, 2000-08-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

1 2

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This paper summarizes the debate between Blaut and Downs (and his collaborator, Liben) concerning the development of mapping abilities of young children.Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been one of the most influential theories in the field of cognitive mapping research. Two essential elements of Piaget's theory regarding the developmental sequence of spatial abilities with age are nativism and constructivism. A forum in the Annals of the Association of American Geographers journal in 1997 on the mapping abilities of young children helped to distinguish the intrinsic duality of Piaget's developmental theory and its influence on the debate between Blaut and Downs/Liben.Both Blaut and Downs/Liben studied young children's ontogenetic development of mapping abilities, but they examined different aspects of Piaget's theory. On the basis of nativism, Blaut recognized that children can perform various mapping tasks regardless of age, and he insisted that children naturally possess mapping abilities, whereas Piaget implied that they could not. In contrast, on the basis of constructivism, Downs and his colleagues emphasized that children's mapping abilities are the effect of both direct and indirect learning experience, and they pointed out some deficiencies in Blaut's testing method.In spite of their contrasting standpoints, both researchers were influenced by Piaget's theories, but emphasized different aspects of the complex process of cognitive mapping development.

著者

岡島 建

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.6, pp.489-511, 1989-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

49

被引用文献数

2 1

---

It has been thought in previous studies that inland navigation had declined in modern times. The author differs with this idea. That is to say, we can say that the navigation has progressed at least in the field of ko-unso (reception and distribution) in modern cities.The purpose of this article is to clarify the function navigation played in urban transportation, in parallel with the progress of other forms of transport and modern industries. The research field for this article is Tokyo, which was one of the most developed cities in modern Japan.Intra-urban navigation in the Tokyo area evolved chiefly as traffic by barges along the Sumida River, Tokyo Port and canals which were built early in the Edo Period, e. g. Onagi River, Kanda River, Nihonbashi River, etc.Intra-urban navigation has several characteristics: namely, transshipment, reception and distribution. Taking this into consideration, the author classifies intra-urban navigation into four types for investigation. They are:1. Transportation connected with marine transportation: Most of the ocean-going ships could not come into direct contact with the shore before World War II. Therefore, when freight from ocean-going ships came into and out of the city, barge transportation was indispensable. This type was the main stream of intra-urban navigation ever since Edo Period.2. Transportation connected with railway transportation: This type of navigation arose in modern times. Stations dealing with freight opened near the riverfront, where freight carried from the railwey was transferred to barges.The quantity of freight carried by this type of navigation was about 45% of the total amount which was dealt with at eight stations in Tokyo City.3. Transportation linked straight to the hinterland transshipment: The ships of this type came into direct contact with the shore. There were two categories: inland navigation originating from Tokyo through the Naka River, Ara River, Tone River, etc., and transportation by steam and sail boats around Tokyo Bay. In the Edo Period, transport items were crops, sea products, soy, etc., but these changed gradually to industrial items in modern times.4. Reciprocal tranport within the city, among each area: This type increased with the expansion of the urban area. It was intra-urban transport between factories or storehouses built in the areas which had many canals, e. g. Fukagawa-ku, Honjo-ku. It seems that the freight volume was twice as much as the total coming into and out of the city.Judging from the above, intra-urban navigation played a great part in transport of freight in the city.The transported items of intra-urban navigation in modern times were rice, wood, coal, gravel, chemical manure, steel, etc., Above all, a large amount of coal as fuel for industry was transported during modern times, particularly from the Taisho Era to early Showa. Intra-urban navigational tranport played an important role in the location of factories as well as in the establishment of land-use zoning in city planning.

著者

新宅 勇

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.34-46,79, 1956-04-30 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

35

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Suo-Oshima, the main island in the west part of the Seto Inland Sea, lies between Japan proper and Sikoku. It is 158 square kilometres in area and of 406 inhabitants in every square kilometre. Because of the lack of the arable land, with its over-population, their daily life has been based on the utilization of the coast and its emigrants.The characters of the villages are as follows: Agenosho-Ura (Ura means ‘bay’) and Kuga-Ura are simply fishing villages, which were under the protection of the fishing right as Otate-Ura during the age of former clan. Otate-Ura gained its name because the villagers gave silver towards the government fund. Other Mura-Ura, called Ha-Ura in another name, are half-farming and half-fishing villages which have developed since the Meiji era.The chief products are sweet potatoes, mandarin oranges and dried sea-slugs. The villages are distributed in masses at the lower parts of the coast.The seine by sardine boats comes first in fishing. The individual administration of the first stage of Capitalism is carried on in Agenosho-Ura and in Kuga-Ura.The cooperative administration of stock system is in the other Mura-Ura. The fishing with a rod is for catching sea-breams, horse-mackerels, cuttlefish etc. Okikamurojima is famous for it. In Nasakejima of Yuda-Mura this way of fishing is practised by a Kajiko, child sea-man, employed for that purpose. The center of the net-fishing of sea-breams is Agenosho-Ura holding the 50 per cent of the whole island in the operation with roller. An octopus-trap is popular through-out the island, the west part of which is more famous.After all, in the fishing villages of Suo-Oshima they support a small way of living, relying upon their efficiency of labour, such as a side-job, emigration and a subsidiary work. As far as the number of fishing boats is concerned, in fishing villages it remains comparatively unchanged and the mechanization of the boats is advanced; while in half-farming and half-fishing villages the number has been rapidly increased since the Meiji era and their mechanization is unfavourable.

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.332-337, 1977-06-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

著者

三木 理史

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.107-128, 2013 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

108

被引用文献数

4 3

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This paper clarifies that soybeans were produced in Manchuria (Northeast China) and were intensively transported to Dalian (大连) using different railways without changing the fare systems based on the relationship between the South Manchurian Railway, the Chinese Eastern Railway, and the regions within or along both using the results from a micro-scale regional analysis. The contents of this paper are summarized as follows:Tsarist Russia constructed the Chinese Eastern Railway Company. It opened its main line to Vladivostok as an extension of the Trans-Siberian Railway in the early part of the 1900s, and this line bifurcated from Haerpin (Harbin, 哈尔滨) to Lüshun (旅顺) through Dalian as a southern feeder line within Manchuria. After Tsarist Russia ceded the southern feeder line between Changchun (长春) and Lüshun through Dalian to Japan as reparation for the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05, Japan continued to operate it through the South Manchurian Railway Company. However, trains on the South Manchurian Railway line between Changchun and Lüshun by way of Dalian couldn’t have gone directly to the main or southern feeder lines at Haerpin and Changchun using the Chinese Eastern Railway because Japan had previously changed its track gauge.Soybeans were one of the most high-volume agricultural products for export from the region in the 1910s. Since more soybeans could be produced in southern Manchuria than in the north during this period, the route to Vladivostok via the Chinese Eastern Railway was less advantageous than that to Dalian using the South Manchurian Railway, which was near the high-volume production areas. Although the Chinese Eastern Railway Company set discounted fare rates, most of the soybeans produced in southern Manchuria were transported to Dalian and little was sent to Vladivostok.Produce was transported by wagon and then loaded and shipped from particular specified stations, not necessarily the nearest ones from the main farms that produced soybeans, due to the relationship between their locations and the railways. Some stations shipped a high volume of soybeans, and these constructed large consolidating zones for both railways. While they might straddle local hsien boundaries, they rarely straddled those of other provinces. Most of the section west of Haerpin on the Chinese Eastern Railway lines ran across Heilongjiang (黑龙江) Province, and the eastern and southern sections across Jilin (吉林) Province. Since most of the high-volume soybean farms in Jilin Province in the east transported their produce to specific stations on the southern feeder line within this same province, they gradually decreased shipments to Vladivostok after the Russian Revolution.The author believes that the reason that few consolidation zones straddled provincial boundaries was due to the currency that was circulated within Manchuria in the 1910s. The zones of regional types of money circulation were generally confined to within a given province. Since most of the farmers must have received their payments from the soybean brokers (liangzhan, 粮栈) within their own provinces, few transported their products to brokers at export ports in other provinces.

著者

荒木 一視

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.44-65, 2016 (Released:2018-01-31)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 1

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戦間期の日本とその植民地の食料供給がどのようにして支えられたのかという問題意識から,朝鮮に仕向けられた大量の満洲粟に着目し,当時の東アジアの食料貿易の一端を明らかにした。具体的には朝鮮・満洲間の主要貿易港である新義州税関の資料を用い,食料貿易の地理的パターンを描き出した。その結果,魚類や果実類,米,大豆と比べて粟が特徴的なパターンを有していることが明らかになった。すなわち,前者が主要な産地から主要な消費地である大都市に向けて仕出されるのに対し,後者は朝鮮各地に少量が仕向けられ,農村の需要に対応したものと考えられる。仕出地,仕向地の地域的な検討からは,日本の影響の強い満洲南部からの仕出,従来から粟の卓越する朝鮮北部向けの仕向という性格が認められた。特に朝鮮北部の仕向の多い地域は,当該期間に米の生産を伸ばした地域でもあり,春窮農家の相対的に少ない地域でもあった。以上から,戦間期に目指された植民地を含めた帝国の領域内での食料自給体制は,決して完全なものではなかったといえる。米に限れば自給体制は整えられたが,それを支える米以外の穀物自給は決して域内で完結していなかったのである。それは米以外の多くの穀物を海外に依存する今日の日本の穀物供給体制を考える上でも,重要な示唆に富む。

著者

石原 潤

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.231-234, 2006 (Released:2018-01-06)

著者

田中 和子

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.57-70, 2015 (Released:2018-01-30)

参考文献数

49

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Sixty works of reproduced drawings and paintings were recently found in the Department of Geography, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University. They were drawn and painted with pencil, pen, or watercolor. On some of the works, short alphabetical notes include Tibetan place names and comments in Swedish. A preliminary observation of these works made clear that: (1) Four young art students made the reproductions. (2) They made copies from Sven Hedin’s original works drawn and painted in Tibet during his explorations in Central Asia (1905-1908). (3) The reproductions vividly depict mountains, lakes, Tibetan temples and monks, ethnic costumes and people of Tibet, etc. They are artistically very excellent. (4) After his explorations, accepting the invitation of the Tokyo Geographical Society, Hedin visited Japan for one month at the end of 1908. Hedin stayed in Kyoto from November 28 to December 12. (5) At the time when Hedin delivered a lecture at Kyoto Imperial University on November 29, 108 sheets of his original paintings, drawings, and maps were exhibited in an adjacent room. It is conjectured that the four art students may have reproduced some of the exhibited paintings and drawings in less than two weeks before Hedin left Japan.This observation indicates that the reproduced works found at Kyoto University are evidence of international academic exchanges in modern Japan. Hedin was welcomed by people in many disciplines, and they had intellectual and cultural discussions. The reproduced works are also very important visual materials showing the Tibetan landscape and culture of about one hundred years ago, because field surveys by foreigners had been severely restricted or forbidden in Tibet for centuries. These sixty reproductions are extremely valuable as research objects for the study of the modern histories of geography, ethnography, Sinology, Tibetan studies, the arts, and their disciplinary interactions.

著者

中西 雄二

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.172-187, 2007 (Released:2018-01-06)

参考文献数

84

被引用文献数

2

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In this study, I elucidate the settlement process of Amami migrants in Kobe before World War II. Next, I analyze Amami settlers’ reactions to their host society by observing the activity of homeland-based associations and the dominant discourse about their own identity by the elite class of Amami settlers. The number of migrants from the Amami Islands to Kobe increased rapidly during the 1920s when Kobe industrialized and some areas were formed where Amami settlers were concentrated. This resulted from chain migration that is based on using connections as a means to find work and housing.In borderlands like the Amami Islands, the inhabitants frequently face situations where they are ‘othered’ in the process of being subsumed within a modern nation consisting largely of a majority people. This exerts great influence upon the construction of their identity. The purpose of this paper is to examine dynamic aspects of identity and networks that were constructed within the formation process of the community of Amami migrants. The case of Amami migrants illustrates a formation process different from the spontaneous one that originates with the relationship established before migration. With the creation of these various scale communities based on territorial bonds, nested commonness became structured. Moreover, many homeland-based associations for Amami settlers advocated assimilation into mainland Japan for the discipline and life-improvement of non-elite Amami migrants. This paper reveals the ambivalent and multiple aspects of the identity of Amami migrants ; they hope not only to assimilate into their host society but also to maintain their solidarity and their culture. This is one of the characteristics of the identity of Amami migrants. This characteristic emerged in a dynamic process of migration that was structured in a complex interaction among many factors.

著者

後藤 拓也

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.4, pp.337-356, 2006 (Released:2018-01-06)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

2 2

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the restructuring mechanism of the rush production area in Kumamoto Prefecture, which represents the restructuring of an agricultural production area under a development import by Japanese agribusiness. The results of this analysis are summarized as follows.The number of rush mats imported into Japan has increased after 1985, and the rush production area in Japan has declined remarkably. In 2002, the Rush Mat Importers’ Association (RMIA) was organized, so the author examined the characteristics of its members. As a result, more than 60% of RMIA members are the rush mat wholesalers located in four rush production areas of Okayama, Hiroshima, Fukuoka, and Kumamoto Prefectures. Namely, it is clear that Japanese rush mat wholesalers have played very important roles in importing rush mats into the Japanese market.The import activities by Japanese rush mat wholesalers have had a great influence on the rush production area in Kumamoto Prefecture. The behavior by the rush mat wholesalers is examined, taking the cases of the wholesalers dealing with Kumamoto Prefectural Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives. Clearly, most of the rush mat wholesalers from the other three production areas have engaged in import activities and participated in RMIA. This behavior has caused the fall in prices of low-grade rush mats produced in Kumamoto Prefecture after the mid-1980s.As a result of these changes in the rush mat distribution system, the rush farmers in Kumamoto Prefecture have reacted rapidly. From a survey in Sencho Town, the farmers who own stable agricultural foundations have clearly continued rush production after 1990. However, many farmers have reduced rush cultivating areas, whereas a few farmers have expanded rush cultivation by introducing high-grade rush and dealing with the rush mat wholesalers directly. The farmers cannot easily switch their management to other crops because of the agricultural conditions in Sencho Town, so they are forced to continue rush production under the influx of imported rush mats.Consequently, the behavior by the rush mat wholesalers has given rise to restructuring of the rush production area in Kumamoto Prefecture. This means that a small agribusiness like that of Japanese rush mat wholesalers has changed the behavior and influenced agricultural production areas, in a similar manner to that of large agribusinesses like general trading firms and food processors in Japan.

著者

田和 正孝

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.73-90, 2006 (Released:2018-01-06)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

3 2

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A stone tidal weir is a traditional fishing method that is constructed on seaward slopes or within a fringing reef. It is basically a semicircle-shaped or horseshoe-shaped stone wall and the construction of it has a close relationship to tidal change. The fish swim or are driven into the weir during high tide but cannot find their way out during low tide. They are then caught in the shallow water within the weir by hand, dip net and so on during low tide.Many types of stone tidal weirs are found mainly in East Asia, Southeast Asia and the South Pacific areas. In Taiwan, they are called chióh-hō. According to recent intensive research, over 550 chióh-hōs are still found in the Penghu Islands in the Taiwan Strait. It is said that the Penghu Islands is the most concentrated area of stone tidal weirs in the world.A few recent reports on chióh-hō fishing in Taiwan have elaborated various geographical, ecological and historical perspectives. However, chióh-hōs have already fulfilled an economic role. During the last few decades, most of them have gone out of use with the introduction of more effective fishing methods and modernized fishing boats and gear. It is, therefore, an urgent task for researchers to study the role and function of chióh-hō in local small-scale fisheries and the process of their disappearance.The aim of this essay is to discuss the conditions of chióh-hō fishing in the Penghu Islands in the early 1910s using some papers relating to chióh-hō fishing rights, which appeared in documents of the Taiwan Government General. Discussion points are on fishing activity, period of construction, and ownership.178 chióh-hōs were distributed in the northern part of the Penghu Islands in the early 1910s. Most of them were located mainly in semi-farming and fishing villages in Pai-sha Island and in the shore areas of solitary islands like Chih-pei, Ta-Tsang, and Niao Yu. Chióh-hō can be classified into three types: (1) semicircle-shape, (2) semicircle-shape with partition walls, and (3) two stone lines with a circular enclosure. Type (3) is the most advanced and efficient type.According to the time when chióh-hō were constructed, the oldest ones were built early in the 18 century under the Ch’ing dynasty. On the other hand, the new ones were built early in the 20th century.The actual possession of chióh-hō was shared by owners who invested their money and labor to construct them. They shared fishing rights and operated fishing by taking turns. In addition, they were under an obligation to maintain the chióh-hō.In the latter part of this essay a variety of ownership and utilization patterns of 70 chióh-hōs in Chih-pei Island are discussed, where the author researched chióh-hō fishing activities in 1995.

著者

大島 明

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.4, pp.389-407, 2022 (Released:2023-02-14)

参考文献数

34

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現代,氏神の祭りにおいて,その担い手は,必ずしも氏子区域の居住者ではなくなった。その1例として,京都市西院の春日祭における担い手について,その居住地の変遷を明らかにすることが本稿の目的である。資料として,1967年と2016年の『神輿輿丁名簿』を用い,そこに登載された輿丁の居住地を個人レベルで分析した。春日祭では,近代初頭,氏子区域の集落(「旧町」)を東西に2分し,それぞれの神輿は区域内の輿丁で担われていた。京都市との合併前後から進行した都市化にともない,輿丁の減少が始まった。戦後,都市化により流入人口が増加した。しかし,輿丁になる者は少なく,神輿渡御祭の存続が困難になった。そこで,相互協力組織として京都神輿愛好会が設立され,区域外から輿丁が導入された。これにより,神輿渡御祭は存続された。しかし外部からの応援が大多数になると,神輿巡幸の主導権を氏子がいかに維持するかが課題となった。そのため,氏子の組織はその増強を図ったのである。その結果,2016年には氏子の輿丁は増員され,その居住地は「旧町」のみならず氏子区域の全域に拡大した。また,区域外では輿丁の居住地は京都市全域のほか遠隔地の長野県にまで及んだ。

著者

山田 安彦

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.72-76, 1959-02-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

3

著者

谷崎 友紀

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.213-228, 2017 (Released:2017-07-07)

参考文献数

26

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本稿の目的は,京都を訪れた旅人の居住地や身分・職業などの属性によって,名所の選択に生じる差異とその要因を明らかにすることである。そこで,武蔵国からの旅人を,江戸居住者と江戸近郊居住者に分類した。そして,名所訪問を行った日数,訪れた名所や,両者のルートなどの比較を行った。その結果,以下の知見が得られた。まず,江戸居住者は近郊居住者よりも長い日数を名所見物に費やし,多くの名所を訪れていた。次に,両者では選択したルートに差異がみられた。ルートが定型化する近郊居住者とは異なり,江戸居住者の行動は多様であり,広範囲の名所を網羅的に訪れていた。そして,江戸居住者は近接した名所をすべて訪れる傾向がみられた。これは,彼らには「知識人」といえる性格を持つ者が含まれ,時間的に余裕があっただけではなく,名所に関する知識・教養を持っていたためである。

著者

成瀬 厚

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.222-223, 2021 (Released:2021-07-14)

著者

梶田 真

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.60-77, 2011 (Released:2018-01-23)

参考文献数

57

被引用文献数

2 1

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Under the New Industrial Areas Act of 1962, which aimed to develop heavy materials processing industrial plants in non-metropolitan areas, housing complexes for invited plant employees were constructed in areas that were situated away from existing urban districts. These complexes were geographically and socially segregated from the existing local societies. This paper analyzes the dynamics of these segregated districts, focusing on the changing conditions in the heavy processing industry and the relations between the inhabitants of these complexes and existing local societies. A case study was conducted in the Akeno district of the Oita New Industrial Area.Most of Akeno’s inhabitants were Nippon Steel (NS) Oita Steelworks employees and their families, many of whom were transferees from other NS steelworks plants such as Muroran (Hokkaido) and Hirohata (Hyogo). In addition to facing geographical isolation, they had rather different customs, cultures, and lifestyles compared to the existing Oita locals. These inhabitants of Akeno are viewed as a heterogeneous society and are simply referred to as ‘Akeno’s’ (Akeno zoku).Until the 1980s, when the numbers of NS Oita steelworkers were maintained at about 3,700, Akeno had been a town that was populated exclusively by NS workers. Nevertheless, in the 1990s, due to the rationalization of Oita Steelworks and the collapse of land prices, redevelopment projects began in Akeno. These redevelopments weakened Akeno’s segregation and many in-migrants began to settle in the town. The main characteristic of the redevelopment projects was the aim to create a high-quality residential district. This reflects the ambitions of land owners and developers, who sought to raise the value of this district, and those of the existing inhabitants, with the hope of balancing the age structure of the population and improveing its living convenience.In spite of the poor access it offers to central Oita, many affluent non-Akeno’s, in their thirties and forties, rate Akeno highly and chose to migrate to Akeno. These responses suggest that they may feel a “longing” for its social and cultural environments, especially its emphasis on education.

著者

野尻 亘

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.5, pp.397-417, 2013 (Released:2018-01-26)

参考文献数

81

被引用文献数

1 1

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Recently, evolutionary economic geography has gained popularity in the field of economic geography in the West. Evolutionary economic geography deals with changes in the economic landscape through time via the concept of ‘routine,’ which is equivalent to a ‘genome’ in corporations.Evolutionary economic geography has been inspired by the process of regional growth and innovation in the context of evolutionary economics. The evolutionary component of economic geography is based on concepts such as contingency, lock-in by increasing returns, and network externality from path-dependency theory; variation, selection, and retention stemming from Generalized Darwinism; and emergence, panarchy, resilience, and the adaptive cycle model from complexity theory.The evolutionary theory of modern biology was not adopted without qualification in evolutionary economic geography. Instead, Generalized Darwinism was adopted as its ontology. For instance, the Lamarckian approach of acquired characteristics, in which genetic features are acquired as an adaptation of the individual’s post-birth environment and passed down to future generations, has been completely rejected in modern biology since the time of Darwin. However, in evolutionary economics, there is a view that a company constitutes ‘routines’ as part of the process of adaptation to its environment subsequent to its formation; this concept is closely akin to the Lamarckian methodology rejected in biology. The wide gap between biology and this methodology is highly significant. Genes are likened to routines, while companies are likened to populations, leading to the application of concepts such as panarchy and resilience, which in turn grew out of the concepts of ecosystem and succession, respectively.The development of biological methodology in economic geography grew out of criticism of the equilibrium concept of physical and mechanistic viewpoints in neoclassical economics. Alternatively, the concepts of restricted rationality, multiple equilibrium, irreversibility, increasing return, and self-organization are employed. Accordingly, corporate behaviors such as entry, development, and withdrawal in the market are viewed as selection and variation required for the adaptation of “routines” to market environment conditions. As a result of spinoffs and knowledge spillover, characterized by path dependence or contingency, cluster accumulation and network building take place.These basic routines play an important part in organizations at the corporate level, and also impact cities and regions. There is a need to consider emergence at the macro-structure level in relation to the impact of low-level processes, and also the relationship of broad-based social structure and embeddedness. In adjusting the structures of complicated processes of production, distribution, and consumption in the global landscape, global production networks, the spatial division of labor, and institutional arguments at the national and regional level facilitate individual company strategies and industrial dynamism. In addition, evolutionary economic geography must avoid fixed concepts of path dependence or lock-in.To achieve this, we need to prioritize location and region from a broader view of the spatial division of labor. We need to pay serious attention to the role of authority and policies in structuring economic organizations. In addition, understanding of the global socioeconomic structure in the national and socioeconomic context is required. Theories on the diversification of national and global institutions seem likely to be an important theme in evolutionary economic geography in the future.