著者

林 泰正

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.138-147, 2014 (Released:2018-01-27)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1

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This study examines how land use and ownership changed during the construction of a light railway and changed again after its abandonment. The author analyzes the case of the former Tono Railway running through the old Kani district of Gifu Prefecture between 1918 and 1928.The results are summarized as follows: First, in terms of land use, most of the vacant land in the southern segment of the railway right-of-way remained in a state of wilderness after the abandonment of the railway, while the northern part showed a tendency to be transformed back to fields immediately. This difference can be explained by the fact that the land in the northern area was estimated to be more valuable than that in the southern area during this period.Second, from the viewpoint of land ownership, the promoters of the Tono Railway and various influential people had owned the southern part of the railway right-of-way before its construction. This railway land was bought back by the original landowners after the abandonment of the railway. However, the northern segment of the railway land that had belonged to many local people before the opening of the railway later came to be owned by people adjacent to the railway right-of-way.Through careful examination, it was learned that the dismantling of the southern segment of the railway was delayed in comparison with the northern segment. It is possible that the results of this study may help in understanding differences in land use and land values between large and small-scale land owners.

著者

溝口 常俊

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.194-195, 2019 (Released:2019-07-13)

著者

川合 泰代

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.181-196, 2006

被引用文献数

1

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<p>The aim of this paper is to study and explain the symbolism of the <i>Shun'nichi</i> in terms of the religious organization, <i>Shun'nichi-kou</i>, in <i>Machi</i> of Nara in the Edo period (1603-1867). The present work is based upon two sources: the first is a sacred map, <i>Mandala</i> of <i>Shun'nichi</i>, which represents a holy place, <i>Mikasa</i> mountain; the second is a ritual conducted by <i>Shun'nichi-kou</i> using the sacred map. This study belongs to the field of cultural geography which incorporates humanistic geography.</p><p><i>Shun'nichi</i> was a sort of unified religion which combined people's faith regarding four different elements: <i>Kohfukuji</i>-temple, <i>Kasuga-Wakamiya</i>-shrine, <i>Kasuga</i>-shrine, and <i>Mikasa</i> mountain. The religion lasted from the Middle Ages to the Edo period in Japan. <i>Shun'nichi</i> was the most powerful organization in Nara in that era.</p><p><i>Mandala</i> of <i>Shun'nichi</i> usually depicts <i>Mikasa</i> mountain in bright green on which many pine trees and Japanese cedars grow. One type of <i>Mandala</i> of <i>Shun'nichi</i> describes <i>Mikasa</i> mountain together with <i>Kasuga</i>-shrine, <i>Kasuga-Wakamiya</i>-shrine, and a part of <i>Kohfukuji</i>-temple; therefore, it looks like a map. Another type of <i>Mandala</i> of <i>Shun'nichi</i> represents a deer as well as <i>Mikasa</i> mountain. All types of <i>Mandala</i> of <i>Shun'nichi</i> show one common belief: as long as the leaves of the trees on <i>Mikasa</i> mountain are bright green, the Gods stay on the sacred mountain. Most of these pictures were described on scrolls.</p><p><i>Shun'nichi-kou</i> in <i>Machi</i> was held on January 21 or another day. <i>Mandala</i> of <i>Shun'nichi</i> was set up on <i>Tokonoma</i> at a member's house (<i>Touya</i>) or a meeting place of <i>Machi</i> (<i>Kaisyo</i>). <i>Tokonoma</i> with <i>Mandala</i> of <i>Shun'nichi</i> was decorated with leaves of evergreen trees such as a Japanese cedar or a pine tree; moreover, rice, sake, and other items were also dedicated. Then they went to the <i>Kasuga-Wakamiya</i>-shrine to dedicate their performance of a special dance known as <i>Kagura</i>.</p><p>Based upon those sources, this paper concludes that the symbolism of <i>Shun'nichi</i> of <i>Shun'nichi-kou</i> was a sacred landscape. The holy place was <i>Mikasa</i> mountain. As long as the leaves of the trees on the mountain were bright green, it was believed that the Gods were present. <i>Kasuga-Wakamiya</i>-shrine, <i>Kasuga</i>-shrine, and a part of <i>Kohfukuji</i>-temple were also often included as a part of the sacred landscape.</p><p>When the Meiji period began, <i>Shun'nichi</i> was banned by the government. After <i>Shun'nichi</i> disappeared, members of <i>Shun'nichi-kou</i> could no longer believe in the sacred landscape.</p>

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.3, pp.288-290, 2007 (Released:2018-01-06)

著者

市川 和子

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.126-138, 2009 (Released:2018-01-10)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

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This paper discusses how urban open space is made into a gathering place for youth within the dynamics of two different relationships, that among youths, and that between adults and youths. As a case study, I interviewed youths who gathered in front of Mito Station in Ibaraki Prefecture.The public open space in front of Mito Station is laxly regulated by the local government, so that youths who cannot find affordable space for leisure activities at their homes, schools, or in the local community tend to gather there. They include street dancers, BMX riders, street musicians, and loiterers. Friendly relationships between groups are limited to those of the same or similar leisure activity. The relationship between dancers or BMX riders is fairly friendly. On the other hand, their relationships with the street musicians or loiterers is not so friendly.At Mito Station, control of the space by the police shapes use by each leisure activity group. The degree of strictness of control differs according to each leisure activity. For example, the control of the street musicians is stricter than that of the dancers or the BMX riders. Policemen tend to enforce control on various kinds of street performers from the perspective of their own sense of morality. The control by police of the loiterers is based rather on a sense of paternalism. We can see the policemen’s differing level of control through these examples.Mito Station has been made into a youth gathering place by two relationships. One relationship is among the youths themselves, and the other is between the youths and the policemen. How the youths feel in the public open space depends on the policemen’s level of control. For musicians or loiterers, the public open space isn’t a comfortable place to stay in because of the policemen’s stricter control. For dancers or BMX riders, the place is much more comfortable, because of the policemen’s relative tolerance. Thus the policemen’s level of control affects the relationships among these youths.Therefore, the creation of a gathering place for youths within an urban open space depends on the nature of the youth’s relationships.

著者

新宅 勇

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.306-320, 1963-06-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

27

著者

佐藤 弘隆

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.273-296, 2016 (Released:2018-01-31)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

4

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2015年,文化庁は「山・鉾・屋台行事」をユネスコ無形文化遺産に再提案することを決定した。この行事は「地域社会の安泰や災厄防除を願い,地域の人々が一体となり執り行う」点に価値が見出されており,日本各地で本登録に向けて盛り上がりをみせている。しかし,現代都市の人口変動は「山・鉾・屋台行事」をはじめとする伝統的な都市祭礼の継承を困難にしている。本稿では都市祭礼の継承のあり方を示すために,都市祭礼の運営基盤を社会・経済・場所的側面から調査する。事例とした都市祭礼は京都市都心で行われる祇園祭の山鉾行事である。山鉾33基の運営基盤の現状とその変遷が統計資料の分析やフィールドワークを通して明らかにされた。山鉾を持つ町内は同じ都心に複数あるが,それらは等質でなく,それぞれの人口や土地利用の現状に差異がみられる。そして,山鉾行事の運営基盤もそれにともない再構築され,多様化していった。都市の変容にともなう祭礼の運営基盤の再構築は,その継承につながっており,全国の都市祭礼の継承を考えるうえで重要な視点となる。

著者

津川 康雄

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.426-427, 2018 (Released:2018-10-31)

著者

服部 亜由未

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.303-323, 2011 (Released:2018-01-23)

参考文献数

81

被引用文献数

2

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In order to scrutinize the fishery management of Hokkaido in the Taisho and early Showa eras when there were poor herring harvests, this paper focuses on the actions of herring fishery people with special reference to the records of the Minami family.The volume of the herring catch was changing, but the timing of change in the herring harvests differed by region. The herring fishery in Takashima changed dramatically during the Taisho and early Showa eras.Many of the herring fishery laborers were migrant workers. They did not work in the same fishery every year, but moved to other fisheries which gave them better conditions. The maximum concern in the fishery management, therefore, was whether a sufficient supply of very good migrant workers could be secured.How did the Minami fishery procure manpower?Employing workers was generally entrusted to the leader of herring fishermen every year. He called together workers from around his home. However, even as the poor herring catches continued, it was hard to attract workers, and so the managers themselves also came to try to employ fishery workers. The start of this practice corresponded to the year when the entire Minami fishery ran a deficit. From that time on, they went on business trips to Akita Prefecture during the two weeks after the New Year to solicit laborers.How did fishery managers deal with persistent poor catches?First, the location of the herring fishery could be shifted. If it were possible, the Minami fishery could have expanded the fishery into a richer region, but this was impossible. Therefore, it bought raw herring in Sakhalin where there was still a big catch and processed them in Takashima. The system of herring fishery changed from fishing in Takashima to purchasing raw herring from Sakhalin. Second, the Minami fishery tried to make up for the loss of the herring fishery by operating various other fisheries. Not all herring fishery losses could be compensated through this approach, however, so the Minami still had to rely on herring fishing in the following year. Third, fishery managers supplemented their fishing income by operating side businesses. In the case of the Minami family, the management of a public bath and the leasing of houses, lots, and fishery places were important and helped mitigate the various challenges of operating the fishery. It was steady income and made up for the deficits in the fishery.

著者

渡邉 英明

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.5, pp.447-461, 2011 (Released:2018-01-23)

参考文献数

70

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On the Echigo Plain, the gangi arcades, a type of arcade constructed from the timber eaves of adjacent buildings, were built in many market towns through the Edo Period. These arcades were traditional in towns with heavy snowfalls. Over the years there have been many studies done on gangi arcades, but very few discuss their history. The purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of gangi arcades between the 18th and 19th centuries. This is a case study of Sanjo Town, Echigo Province.Sanjo Town was developed as the castle town of the Sanjo Domain in the late 1610s. After the abolition of the Sanjo Domain in 1623, Sanjo Town continued to flourish as a market town and a river port town. The main street of Sanjo Town, called Honcho Street, was built along the Ikarashi River. The gangi arcades were built on both sides of Honcho Street, Honji Street, and Hachiman Street by the mid 18th century. People used these arcades as covered walkways. In the mid 18th century, Ichinokido Village and Tajima Village, the villages adjacent to Sanjo Town, started to build some stores with gangi arcades. However Sanjo Town’s people called for a ban on these new buildings, and the people of these villages gave up building gangi arcades.Gangi arcades were also used in a commercial fashion. For example, a merchant who set up the stalls of a periodic market using the gangi arcade style on Honji Street was described in the record of Sanjo earthquake in 1828. In the late 19th century, people set up mago-bisashi, boards attached in front of gangi arcades in the winter to secure the places for the stalls of the periodic market. These attachment boards were set up along streets with gangi arcades, and they were concentrated around both ends of Sanjo Town.In Sanjo Town, stores with gangi arcades were constructed until the late 19th century but use of the gangi arcade style was discontinued by the 1930s.

著者

上杉 昌也 矢野 桂司

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.253-271, 2018

被引用文献数

2

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<p>本稿は,都市内での教育水準の空間的不均衡とジオデモグラフィクスに基づく居住者特性との関係を明らかにし,近隣地区における社会経済的要因の影響を除いた教育水準の学校間格差について評価するものである。対象地域として社会経済的な居住分化が比較的明瞭で,2013年から「全国学力・学習状況調査」(全国学力テスト)の学校別の結果が公表されている大阪市を選んだ。全国学力テストの平均正答率を教育水準とみなすと,都市の空間構造に対応した教育水準の不均衡が存在し,近隣スケールにおいてもジオデモグラフィクスに基づく社会地区類型と通学先の学校の教育水準には一定の関係が見出された。また社会地区類型間で教育水準格差が存在することも示唆され,社会地区類型の差異により学校間の教育水準の変動の約半分が説明された。そのため学校の教育水準の評価においてはその学校の置かれた地域条件を考慮することが不可欠であるといえる。さらに,実際の学力テストに基づいて計測される教育水準からこの地域条件の影響を取り除いた実質的な学校効果は,教育水準が高い学校ほど大きいことも明らかになった。これらの知見は,ジオデモグラフィクスが地域間や社会集団間の教育格差を明らかにするだけでなく,空間的公正の観点からそれらの格差解消に向けた政策ターゲットの特定においても有用であることを示すものであるといえる。</p>

著者

前畑 明美

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.344-359, 2011 (Released:2018-01-23)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

2

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In Japan, more than one hundred islands have been connected to the mainland by bridges since the period of high economic growth beginning in the late 1950s. This has been aimed at bringing the economic levels of the islands up to that of the mainland. But, although reliable transportation routes to the mainland have been secured, a diversified life space has yet to come into existence on the islands. Indeed, the functioning of the communities on the islands has weakened.The objective of this paper is to understand the present status of the social and functional decline on these bridged islands. Here our example is Kouri-jima in Okinawa, where a fixed link to the mainland was completed in 2005. We consider the influences of the sea bridge from the perspective of the social experiences of the inhabitants.Analysis reveals that the fixed link has certainly brought some merits to the island, in terms of saving time, labor, and transportation costs, as well as the reliability of the route. In fact, the new route has brought convenience and flexibility to some of the island’s inhabitants. On the whole, however, these effects have been restricted to a narrow range of the island’s livelihood. In addition, the effects of the fixed link on transportation have brought disadvantages to many aspects of everyday life, causing the inhabitants mental, physical, and economic burdens at the levels of the individual, the family, and the community. As a result, close social connections between the inhabitants, on which the traditional community was based, have weakened considerably, bringing changes to the “island lifestyle” that depended on the sea that surrounded it.The influences of the fixed link have resulted from essential differences between land transportation and marine transportation. Three factors have compounded the negative influence of the fixed link: first, the loss of the functions of marine transportation, which had complemented and maintained the restrictive and cooperative characteristics of the community; second, the independence and reliability of land transportation; and third, the increase in strong influences from the mainland. The results of this study suggest that characteristics of a “non-island community” have emerged here, with the new land transportation route and its emphasis on convenience causing an imbalance in the transportation system and a disruption of the cooperative and symbiotic nature of the community.

著者

粉川 春幸

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.4, pp.447-466, 2017 (Released:2018-02-23)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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本稿の目的は,複数のエスニック集団によるエスニック・ビジネスの混在がみられる大阪市中央区南部を対象地域として,エスニック・ビジネスの実態を明らかにすることである。対象地域には,2016年12月時点で200軒近いエスニック系施設が確認された。その大半を占めるのが韓国系施設と中国系施設であり,前者は対象地域北部を中心として大小の通り沿いに分布する一方,後者は対象地域南部の主要通り沿いに線状に分布している。また,この地域のエスニック・ビジネスは,韓国系・中国系のいずれも飲食業・サービス業が多く,特に飲食業では多様化や専門化が進展している点は共通している一方,サービス業に関しては,韓国系では日本人向けの業態への進出もみられるのに対し,中国系では同胞向けにとどまっていることが明らかになった。また対象地域におけるエスニック・ビジネス事業所では,事業所内での国籍・エスニシティが複雑化している事例がみられるなど,その実態は多様である。

著者

久保 倫子

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.1-19, 2010 (Released:2018-01-19)

参考文献数

41

被引用文献数

4 6

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Numerous attempts have been made by Japanese geographers to study condominiums. The condominium supply began in the central areas of Tokyo in the late 1950s as a form of luxury residences. After the 1970s, the condominium supply began to extend into the suburbs, and within a short period of time, many people began living in condominiums.Since the late 1990s, the condominium supply has increased rapidly in the central areas of metropolitan regions and many local cities in Japan. In addition, the growth of suburban cores such as Makuhari and the increased condominium supply in suburban cores became remarkable phenomena. In recent years, the importance of residential areas in suburban neighborhoods has changed in the metropolitan regions.This study aims to clarify the decision-making processes involved in the residential choices of condominium residents, on the basis of a case study of Makuhari Bay Town, a new condominium district developed after the late 1990s. Among 130 households that participated in the interview surveys, data from 112 households that were living in resident-owned condominiums were used in the analysis.Most of the residents indicated that they had spent their entire lives in the suburbs and therefore preferred newly developed areas. In addition, some of the young families preferred to live close to their parents, while some parents moved into second-hand or rented houses in Makuhari Bay Town.The residents evaluated Makuhari Bay Town as a pleasant neighborhood. Hence about 20 percent of the residents choose to remain in Makuhari Bay Town when they decided to move to a new residence. The decision-making patterns of the residents were different from that reflected by the classical decision-making model. That is, most of the households sought homes in famous residential districts although they were not familiar with the areas. Some residents visited housing parks as a kind of recreational activity, and upon finding a residence that they liked, decided to purchase it and move into the neighborhood. The characteristics of the residential form and the prosperous residential conditions of Makuhari Bay Town facilitated these decision-making patterns. Few residents used the Internet to search for houses. However, they did use the Internet to familiarize themselves with new areas, particularly to learn about the lifestyles of the district and the reputation of the elementary schools.

著者

成瀬 厚

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.5, pp.478-492, 2010 (Released:2018-01-19)

参考文献数

83

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This paper analyses the photographic works of Tanuma Takeyoshi who travels around the world. Although he is most famous for what he has made his life’s work, ‘Children of the World’, he has also produced works focused on Tokyo where he was born, grew up, and currently lives. Through the course of his world travels, he has identified particularly deeply with two regions, the Andes in South America and the Catalonia region of Spain, and has published books of photographs that were specifically devoted to each region. This paper investigates the process of his identification with these regions through the analysis of his photographs. By producing these photographs, Tanuma has acquired a sense of belonging to other places.Andes Sanka (Homage to the Andes) was published in 1984. This photo collection consists of all color photos which were taken on a journey in the 1970s. They include photographs of magnificent natural landscapes, the daily life of the Indios who live there, scenes of their festivals, the remains of the Inca Empire, and the geoglyphs of Nazca. The photographs of natural landscapes give viewers a sublime sense of vastness and spirituality.Romànic Català (Catalan Romanesque) was published in 1987. The monochrome photographs of Romanesque-style medieval buildings were taken in the mid 1980s. The buildings have been weathered through a history of more than a thousand years, and they have become artworks appropriate to their surrounding as they balance the upward striving of human creative intention with the downward force of natural gravity.By grasping the fascination with other places through taking photographs from a traveler’s viewpoint and finding spirituality and universal commonality in other places, Tanuma pays homage to these places and a sense of belonging. While all human beings have homes where they were born and grew up, they create a layered identity by ‘belonging’ to other places, selected according to individual taste, which also function as a home.

著者

島津 俊之

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.188-189, 2019 (Released:2019-07-13)

著者

加賀美 雅弘

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.190-191, 2019 (Released:2019-07-13)

著者

島本 多敬

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.7-28, 2019 (Released:2019-04-23)

参考文献数

60

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本稿は,19世紀中期以前,近世の本屋仲間(書肆の同業組合)の活動期に出版された災害図を取り上げ,災害図の出版・改訂に影響を与えていた書肆の版権と出版活動について検討したものである。享和2年(1802)7月の淀川水害の後に大坂で出版された「摂河水損村々改正図」系統の水害図は,諸本を書誌学的に検討した結果,3つの版が存在していたことが判明した。大坂本屋仲間記録の記述によれば,この3つの版は,本屋仲間非構成員によって非公式に2つの版が出版された後,本屋仲間に所属する書肆が板木を買収し,4軒の書肆の連名で改めて公式に出版されることによって成立した。同図の板元は大坂町奉行所の御用絵師の名前を図中に示して,情報の信頼性を謳っていたとみられる。また,4書肆のうちの1軒は,本屋仲間に所属していない板元による水害図の出版を,自店の出版大坂図・河川図に対する版権侵害を理由に差し止めていた。同図の検討結果から,19世紀初頭当時の本屋仲間所属書肆は,自店の地図・地理書と関連付けた商業的な論理のもと,本屋仲間に所属しない板元による災害情報の出版をコントロールし,より詳細で「正確」な災害情報の出版を志向していたと評価される。

著者

金坂 清則

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.3, pp.252-295, 1975

被引用文献数

1 1

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Many studies have been published to deal with Japan's urban growth which began at the Meiji era, but there seems to be very few works which focus its examination on the urban functions and city and region relationship on a meso-scale, and have a scope to develop into macro-scale study of the whole region. Since a regon exists as a part of the whole, attention to such a direction will be urgently needed.<br>The writer intends to explain a historical change in the city and region structure in the Niigata Plain-the country's second largest plain-and its surroundings for the period of about seventy years since the early Meiji era. To this end the processes of forming the Ura Nippon Region must be unraveled dynamically and regionally, and location and the sphere of influence of urban functions, which may be classified into four categories-administrative, cultural, economic and transportational, are examined in relation to city size and distribution of cities. Parts of the results obtained are summarised as follows.<br>1. In 1879 there were thirty-three cities and towns in the objective region, and thirty-four in 1935. Cities in 1879 are classified into three, ie. a city in Class I, four in Class II, and twenty-eight in Class III (See Figure 1).<br>2. The four cities in Classes I and II were separated each other by 30 to 40 kilometres, and the distances between Class III cities were around 6 to 9 kilometres, the intervals being quite uniform. The outline of this structure had already been formed by the middle of the eighteenth century. Since that time most of those cities have had periodical fairs, and half of them were nuclei of textile and hardware industries which had been located at the rural settlements around them (See Figures 1 and 2).<br>3. On this foundation the administrative and cultural institutions such as government offices and schools began to be located corresponding to city size at the early years of Meiji. At the same time economic activities, especially of modern manufacturing industies which tend to be unevenly distributed, began to be accumulated around those cities. The framework of established orders among cities was therefore not broken down but was solidified more as the time passed.<br>4. Consequently larger cities genarally developed more in proportion to their scale. If the Zipf's rule is applied, the three largest cities had smaller scale than the rule's ideal value, and Class III cities larger than the same in 1887, and the case was reversed in 1935. As a result the difference in the scale of the largest and the smallest cities increased by 2.7 times during the period. This was also the process when the order among cities became rank-sized (Table 11).<br>5. After the middle of the Meiji era the objective region was gradually subordinate to Tokyo, and formed into a part of the Ura Nippon Region. The trend was definitely fixed at the mid-Taisho years. The cities developed only slowly in this region, and their influence over the countryside remained weak. Therefore the countryside began to be controlled by the cities outside this region and by the outer realm. The large-scale landlordship was the most important internal factor to keep the rural country into stagnation.<br>6. Another factor to bring about such change to the region was a drastic change in transportation: a shift from maritime and river-borne traffic to the modern railway. This should not be overlooked.

著者

岡本 啓志

出版者

一般社団法人 人文地理学会

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.6, pp.565-581, 1966

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The history of apple-growing in Kagawa Prefecture, in the Shikoku region, is an old one beginning first in the middle period of the Meiji era. But the area under cultivation for this crops in this prefecture has decreased gradually since 1953, when it was most extensively cultivated, having partly been replaced by some other crops such as tangerine orange. However, the situation is quite different in Tokushima prefecture, Kagawa's neighbor, where the area under cultivation for apples showed a sudden, remarkable increase since 1953 to 54, with a gradual declining only in recent years. These facts tell that apple cultivation in these two prefectures, in spite of the similarities in their natural and climatic conditions, has undergone a quite different transition. In this paper, the author has tried to clarify the various reasons why in Tokushima prefecture, which is relatively warm and apparently not a suitable area for apples, apple growing really flourished even for a short period, and especially why it has fallen into decay. What sort of difficulties and problems caused this sudden decline are also the important point of disussion here.<br>Thanks to the untiring efforts of Mr. Kenji Tada, who as a grower as well an investigator, valiantly recommended apples as the most profitable crop, and that of the authorities concerned, apple farms spread extensively in Mima and Miyoshi counties, whose location is along the Yoshino River in the western part of this prefecture. However, apple production began to decrease, though in the up-stream area of the Yoshino River it is less affected. Some of the reasons for this may be listed as follows:<br>1) Small amount of profit from apple production. This is the result of the tied-up market price of apples, and small quantity of the crop in this particular area. Ill or inadequate management of farms has been connected with these reasons and caused a vicious circle.<br>2) Damage by blight and insects.<br>3) Concurrence and consequent competition with other crops in respect of labor.<br>4) Bad influence of spray on mulberry farms; damage caused by typhoons and other reasons.<br>The above-mentioned may be grouped as direct reasons which caused declining in apple-production, while some other indirect causes might be pointed out as is shown below.<br>i) Lack of experience on the part of growers. Consequently, want of necessary information and technical know-how was unavoidable.<br>ii) Small-scale management and scattered and isolated location of the farms.<br>iii) Insufficient guidance and dvice. These problems might have been, more or less, solved if farmers had deen properlhy directed. When a new kind of crop is to be introduced, especially in the case of fruit-culture, which needs a consideralbe amount capital and high level technical know-how, proper guidance and direction after its introduction are of the utmost importance, to say nothing of the sufficient information and understanding before it is planted.