著者
中谷 友樹
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.63, no.4, pp.360-377, 2011 (Released:2018-01-23)
参考文献数
104
被引用文献数
12 14

The aim of this review is to summarize the recent interdisciplinary interest in the relationship between health and place related to issues of geographical inequalities in health since the 1990s, mostly in the context of Anglophone literature, in order to identify meaningful research challenges applied to the context of Japan. There are several background factors which have directed this trend, including: (1) advanced GIS and spatial epidemiology techniques; (2) the emergence of the ‘new’ geography of health; and (3) the exploring of possibilities of environmental health interventions based on the philosophy of the ‘new public health.’ Referencing keywords of papers published in the influential journal in this field, Health & Place, we found that there is a clear accumulation of studies of “neighbourhoods” in contemporary settings of developed countries. Such studies broadly argue (1) that socially deprived people are likely to live in deprived/harmful areas, and (2) the kind of general environmental changes that can alter the ideal concept of ‘healthy places’ in the society. We also contextualized the neighbourhood research interest into categories of compositional effects by selective migration and housing, possible ‘upstream causes’ of social inequality related to relative income and the neo-materialist hypothesis, and historical transitions of ‘healthy towns’ in the relationship between public health and city planning concepts. Although the underlying context of the society and lifestyles in the reviewed Anglophone studies are often largely different from those of Japan, there is a large potential for conducting studies of geographical inequality in health in various research fields of geography and related disciplines in order to identify Japanese contextual effects and to propose effective environmental intervention schemes in the society. Particularly when we consider the fact that Japan is still one of the healthiest and most egalitarian nations in the world, conditions may be associated with geographical aspects of the society, such as less segregated social area formation. However, recent apprehension about rising social inequality and related social/geographical inequality problems has provoked us to learn lessons from other countries’ experiences of (un) healthy neighbourhoods structured by globalization, social policy, and urban design.
著者
原 遼平
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.74, no.1, pp.27-45, 2022 (Released:2022-04-19)
参考文献数
32

本稿では明治期地主の旅日記の記述から旅行者が見た瀬戸内海の風景を分析した。分析に際しては旅行実施以前の観光案内及び文人・知識人の記述との比較を行い,旅行者である A 氏による記述との共通点及び相違点を明らかにした。その結果,観光案内は概ね名所旧跡を中心に,人文景を紹介することで瀬戸内海の風景を記述していた。また,観光案内は風景の説明には伝説や歌枕を引用していた。一方で,知識人は瀬戸内海を欧米人から評価される風景として捉え,港湾設備や往来する船舶等の人文景,陸地の構成要素や生息する生物等の自然科学的な視点から名所旧跡を通さない,多島海たる瀬戸内海を評価しようとしていた。文人も多島海として捉える視点は有していたものの,人文景への着眼は少なかった。旅日記の筆者である A 氏は自然科学的な視点は持ち合わせてはいなかったが,名所旧跡を通さない多島海としての瀬戸内海を捉えるような記述も見られた。また,都市や港湾といった人文景観に着目し,沿岸部での土地利用等への言及も見られた。こういった人文景への着目は観光案内の記述と共通するものであり,A 氏の風景への着眼点は当時の観光案内の記述に大きく影響を受けていたと考えられる。
著者
山﨑 孝史
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.4, pp.377-398, 2006 (Released:2018-01-06)
参考文献数
84
被引用文献数
1 1

This paper explores ‘the politics of geography,’ or the nature and problematic aspects of daily activities of geographers by examining cases in Anglophone political geography. Particular attention is paid to the four ‘incidents’ that became controversial among (political) geographers and can be considered informative for such an exploration. These incidents do not only concern conflicts and debates in academic journals over scholarly activities but also created various ‘sociological’ reactions from even outside of geography. Subject matters in political geography tend to be controversial because they often reflect the authors’ own political preferences and positionality. Whereas overt expressions of such preferences in / through academic journals may conflict with the journals’ ‘neutrality’ or ‘fairness,’ the journals themselves may direct their publication policy toward particular ‘political’ purposes. Most of the incidents became accidentally known to the author through John O’Loughlin, who has been an editor of the journal Political Geography since its foundation. Drawing on the experiences of O’Loughlin and Political Geography and without concluding that ‘everything is political,’ this paper attempts to reveal where and how ‘the political’ played out in those incidents and to provide a clue to a self-reflection on the socio-political implications of our daily academic activities.
著者
熊野 貴文
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.4, pp.352-368, 2014
被引用文献数
1

<p>The purpose of this paper is to examine the current situation and problems of generational changes in the detached housing areas around Gakuenmae Station in Nara Prefecture, which are located in the inner suburbs of the Osaka Metropolitan Area and have gained a good reputation from the viewpoint of their residents and housing resources. The main methods employed are analyses of housing maps and public statistics, such as the Housing and Land Survey and Population Census, and interviews with real estate agents and residents' associations. The main findings obtained can be summarized as follows:</p><p>First, the populations in detached housing areas near train stations have experienced more rapid aging corresponding to when these areas were developed; furthermore, population decline has already occurred in these areas, mainly due to out-migration of the elderly home-owning residents or their deaths, rather than from the out-migration of people in their children's generation. Second, many empty houses are expected to soon appear in these areas through a similar mechanism, since their population composition is currently biased toward elderly inhabitants who face generational changes. Third, in older detached housing areas, new in-migration has been hindered by large house lots, physical features (including steep slopes and the height difference between house and road), the inconvenience of external garages, and large costs. Fourth, in this time of shrinking demand for detached houses, the real estate market has shown a polarization between popular, well-conditioned properties with good accessibility to train stations and less popular properties located at a distance from stations.</p><p>These findings suggest that signs of decline have already appeared even in the inner suburbs of the Osaka Metropolitan Area which had been regarded as exclusive and desirable residential areas.</p>
著者
前田 竜孝
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.1, pp.73-92, 2018 (Released:2018-04-02)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
1

本研究は,養鰻業における経済的な変化を,産地における制度的・技術的な変化と,それらに応じた生産者間の関係性の変化に注目しながら考察した。事例地域として,日本有数の生産量を誇る愛知県西尾市一色町を設定した。一色町の養鰻業では,第二次世界大戦後の高度経済成長期に行政が中心となって生産基盤が整備された。各経営体も,この時期に生産力の強化を目的として,加温式ハウスに代表される様々な生産技術を導入した。一方で,各経営体の経営主間の関係性はこの期間に変化した。特に,集出荷作業における手伝い関係は,加温式ハウスの導入による作業の省力化によって解消された。このように,養鰻産地を取り巻く経済状況と個別経営体の経営状況,生産者間の関係性は相互に作用している。ただし,関係性の変化は経営主の経験によってそれぞれ異なるため,これらの相互作用を明らかにするためには,各経営体の個別具体的な状況を考察することが重要となる。
著者
成瀬 厚
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.3, pp.300-304, 2021 (Released:2021-10-31)
参考文献数
42
著者
北川 眞也
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.5, pp.381-400, 2012 (Released:2018-01-24)
参考文献数
109
被引用文献数
1

The purpose of this paper is to rethink the concept of politics in geography and the relation between geography and politics. To do so we examine a case study of a practical geopolitical process produced by the attempt at the separation of ‘Padania’ from Italy in 1996 by the Lega Nord (Northern League).Since the so-called ‘cultural turn,’ the sphere of politics in geography has been greatly broadened into a variety of realms such as daily life or geographical representations. However, it has seemed that this diffusion, even when producing fruitful results, has lacked sufficient critical reflection. It may even risk neglecting the autonomy of the concept of politics.For this reason, we refer to the argument of the French philosopher Jacques Rancière, who has actively theorized about the autonomy of the concept of politics. He couples politics with the concept of the polis. On the one hand, the ‘polis’ spatializes communities of human beings cartographically, distributes them in that space, and allocates proper identities or positions, namely ‘parts’ to them. On the other hand, ‘politics’ is interruption of this spatialization from ‘the people’ who have no ‘parts’ there and forces the polis to change the whole spatial configuration of the community.The geopolitical attempt to represent Northern Italy as ‘Padania’ by the Northern League was considered to be a mistake in Italy. The reason for this is that a political place called ‘Padania’ does not exist in Italy. However, the ‘Padanian people’ raised their voices, and by performing as if they embodied a ‘national’ form, tried to demonstrate that they were on a par with Italy. Padania was neither simply a space for a new nation, even if one were to speak of separation, nor an already existing region within Italy. Padania was not a clear-cut identifiable space, but a place of discomfort for exposing the ‘parts’ of the people who had no ‘parts.’ The nature of this discomfort could give rise to a political opportunity.The Italian polis responded to and finally rejected the Padanian politics through the following four modes: The first was ‘parapolitics,’ a response particularly from the politically left-wing politicians, that rejected Padania, reducing it to the status of a region inside Italy by trying to eliminate its uncomfortable nature. The second was ‘ultrapolitics,’ mainly of the right-wing politicians, that identified Padania as the identified space of a seperate nation distinguished completely from Italy. The third was ‘metapolitics,’ which in this case was practiced by the Northern League itself. This means that the League considered the separation of Padania as merely a means for obtaining regional autonomy for the North within the Italian state. The fourth was ‘archipolitics’ which was also practiced by the Northern League itself. This saw Padania as an organic community in a globalizing world that needed to be defended from immigration and the circulation of commodities through border controls. All four of these modes exercised by the polis, but most decisively the last two modes, denied the politics of Padania. All of them, by actualizing Padania as a ‘region’ or as a nation’ that could be cartographically represented on a map, denied the politics.In order to more deeply examine the concept of politics, one of the important tasks for contemporary political geography is to examine the formation of political communities that cannot be reduced to a cartographic representation.
著者
石原 潤
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.1, pp.3-6, 2019 (Released:2019-04-23)
被引用文献数
1 1
著者
丸山 洋平
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.4, pp.350-365, 2012 (Released:2018-01-24)
参考文献数
35
被引用文献数
1 2

This paper aims to present evidence showing that internal migration affects fertility decline which is called the Second Demographic Transition.In Japan, the trend of fertility decline has become obvious since around 1990. This trend is mainly caused by the late-marriage tendency of women born in and after the 1960s and 1970s. In addition, more women of these generations migrate into the Tokyo metropolitan area and tend to remain living there. This change in the migration pattern contributed to the expansion of net-migration to the Tokyo metropolitan area since the later half of the 1990s. Women born in the 1960s and 1970s play a major role in these two phenomena, and an idea is hypothesized that there is some sort of relationship between fertility decline and the expansion of the net-migration to the Tokyo metropolitan area since the later half of the 1990s. To approach this relationship, this paper tries to investigate whether marriage behavior in the Tokyo metropolitan area is different from the places where the women come from. Therefore the proportion of unmarried women who migrated into the Tokyo metropolitan area before getting married and that of the women who come from Tokyo there were compared.The results show that the difference of the proportion of unmarried women (that of the women who migrated into the Tokyo metropolitan area before getting married minus that of the women who come from there) has expanded greatly in the 30-34 and 35-39 year-old age cohorts in the women born in and after the years 1966-1970. This result means that in the newer generation, the women who migrated into the Tokyo metropolitan area before getting married have a stronger tendency to late marriage than the women who come from there. However, the tendency to late marriage of the women who migrated into the Tokyo metropolitan area before getting married has only a slight influence on the proportion of unmarried women in the Tokyo metropolitan area and in Japan.
著者
藤岡 英之
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.1, pp.49-71, 2018

<p>葬儀の担い手が,喪家近隣の人々から葬祭業者に移行することにより,喪家は葬祭業者が提供するサービスの利用者となり,サービス供給者としての葬祭業者を選択する立場となった。また,葬儀の場所も以前の自宅から,葬祭業者が設置する葬儀会館へと移行している。本稿では,利用者としての喪家による葬儀の場所の選択とその変容を,葬儀の担い手の変化の観点から,地方紙のお悔やみ欄を手がかりにして明らかにすることを目的とした。事例対象地域の栃木県宇都宮市では,1990年代に葬祭業の従業者数が大きく増加し,同時に葬儀の場所が自宅から葬儀会館に移行したが,最近まで地域の人々の関与が大きかったことから手伝いへの返礼や会食のふるまいの習慣が残っていた。市内の葬儀会館は最初,DID 内に設けられた後,市街地の周辺部に自宅をもつ利用者が増加するとともに DID の境界付近まで広がり,近年では小規模化して再び市の中心部に設置されている。お悔やみ欄の分析から,喪家は故人の自宅から近い葬儀会館を選ぶ傾向があったが,2009年に市の火葬場が郊外に移転し,これに併設された式場(現斎場)が使いやすくなると,自宅から離れていても現斎場を利用したいとする喪家が増加し,こうした喪家が DID 内から外へと拡大している。これにより,地域の人々の葬儀への関与がなくなるとともに,喪家による葬儀の場所の選択が空間的に拡大していることが明らかになった。</p>
著者
後藤 拓也
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.2, pp.137-157, 2021 (Released:2021-07-14)
参考文献数
38
被引用文献数
3

本稿は,インド北部における大手養鶏企業の進出にともない,ブロイラー養鶏がどのように受容されたのかを検討した。インド北部はもともと養鶏業に不向きな諸条件を有する地域であり,南部に比べてアグリビジネスの進出が遅れてきた。しかし2000年代以降,インド北部に大手養鶏企業が進出し,改良品種や契約取引を普及させたことで,ブロイラー養鶏の産地化が進んだ。ハリヤーナー州における調査の結果,総じて社会階層が高く土地所有規模の大きな農家層にブロイラー養鶏が受容されたことが判明した。これは,ブロイラー養鶏に多額の鶏舎建設費と一定の鶏舎用地が必要なことによる。これらの農家がブロイラー養鶏の経営を維持できたのは,①改良品種の導入,②直接取引・契約取引へのシフト,③飼養労働者の雇用によって,インド北部の養鶏業に不向きな諸条件を克服できたためと考えられる。このうち,農家による改良品種の導入に寄与したのが,大手養鶏企業に系列化された個人経営の孵卵業者であり,この点は企業が産地化に主導的な役割を果たすインド南部と状況が異なる。しかし一方で,大手養鶏企業は若年農家層を中心に契約取引を進めるなど,インド南部と同様の産地化もみられる。すなわちハリヤーナー州では,大手養鶏企業がインド北部の養鶏経営に適応した系列化と,南部で進めてきた契約取引を組み合わせることで産地化を進め,それがブロイラー養鶏の受容に寄与したといえる。
著者
尹 弘基
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.55, no.3, pp.293-304, 2003
被引用文献数
5

本論文は, 過去20年間にわたって, オークランドにおけるそれまでの伝統的な文化景観に付け加えられるようになってきた, 東アジア系移民の創り出す広汎なエスニック景観の実態を明らかにしようと試みるものである。オークランドにおいて現在拡大しつつある東アジア系移民の文化景観を特徴づけるもっともはっきりと目に見える形で現れている兆候は, おそらく, 各エスニック集団における人口数それ自体の増加とともに, かれらの経営するエスニック・レストランの店舗数の増加に示されているといえるであろう。1992年以降, 10万人以上の東アジア系の人々がニュージーランドにおける在留許可を得ているが, その大部分は台湾, 香港, 中国からやってきた華人 (9万人以上) と韓国からやってきた韓国 (朝鮮) 人 (約1万4千人) である。1999年においては, 中国, 日本, 韓国, タイ, インドを含むアジア系エスニックのレストランの占める比率は, オークランド市におけるレストラン総数の50パーセント以上に達している。こうして新たに来住する東アジア系移民が, この間, オークランドにおける多文化的特徴を著しく拡張してきたのである。<br>こうして新しくやって来た東アジア系移民集団がもっとも強く選好している居住地域は, 相互に重複することはないし, しかもそれぞれの集団がオークランド郊外の相互に異なった場所を占める傾向を示している。すなわち, 台湾人はホーウィック=パクランガ, エプソム=レムエラ, チャッツウッド, 韓国人はイースト・コースト・ベイズ, グレンフィールド, 日本人はセント・ヘリアーズ, レムエラ=セント・ジョーンズ, フィリピン人はミスター・ロズキル, ヘンダーソン, ロイヤル・オーク=オネフンガ=エラーズリー, そしてヴェトナム人はマヌレワ, パパトエトエ, オタフフ, などに居住地域を形成するという具合である。
著者
伊藤 健司
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.4, pp.435-448, 1994
被引用文献数
2 1

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the locational pattern and locational process of manufacturers' head offices giving due consideration to the relation between head office and plants. The study area is the city of Nagoya.<br>Generally speaking, offices are agglomerated in the central business district of cities. In the case of the manufacturing industry, however, head offices have to control their plants as actual work-sites. Therefore it is better for the head offices to be located with their plants than separately. On the other hand, it is advantageous to locate head offices in the CBD to obtain information related to their business. That is to say, the locational pattern reflects each firm's decision.<br>In this paper, manufacturer's head offices are divided into two locational types, head offices which depend on their plants (D-type head offices) and head offices which are independent of plants (I-type head office).<br>The findings are summarized as follows:<br>1. In considering the location of manufacturer's head offices, it is significant to classify the office into two types (D-type and I-type head offices).<br>2. Concerning the locational pattern, it is true that there are many head offices in the CBD, but many are also located in a wider area of the city. In the CBD, I-type head offices are predominant. And it is evident that the ratio of D-type head officegoes up with distance.<br>3. The ratio of I-type head rises with magnification of their scale. Although the ratio of I-type head office rose between 1972 and 1992, more than 40% of head offices still are located with their plants.<br>4. The firms whose head offices are I-type have allocated their plants more widely in Japan than those whose head offices are D-type.<br>5. In the latter type of firms the plants located with head offices still perform an important role in their production activities.
著者
中山 穂孝
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.2, pp.126-141, 2015 (Released:2018-01-30)
参考文献数
91
被引用文献数
1

The objective of this paper is to clarify the urban development process of Beppu City and its formation as a modern hot spring resort, from the beginning of the Meiji period until the outbreak of the Second World War.One characteristic of the urban development of Beppu is that it began relatively early for Japan, and inter-city transportation between Beppu and Oita was established as early as 1900. These early developments were mainly realized by private capital, especially the transportation route between Beppu and Oita, which was operated by mainly local magnates and people from Ehime Prefecture. The urban development that started in the Meiji period eventually became the basis for Beppu’s modern hot spring tourism.During the Taisho period, short-term visitors to Beppu increased. Cheap inns, built originally for customers of therapeutic baths, were converted into hotels, and additionally many accommodation facilities for short-term visitors were built. Moreover, land consolidation projects were carried out, and these newly-adjusted areas became home to new accommodation and entertainment facilities. The popularity of Beppu as a tourist destination gained momentum when the entrepreneur Aburaya Kumahachi and the city government started promoting and advertising it as a tourist destination.When Beppu achieved the status of a city in 1924, tourism development was progressing well, and even more leisure complexes were constructed. From the beginning of the Showa period in 1926, the Beppu government started to advertise to tourists on an international scale. Two expositions were held, but after the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the number of foreign tourists started to decrease, and when the war situation worsened, the number of Japanese tourists also declined.
著者
渡辺 光
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.5, pp.381-393, 1956
著者
外山 秀一
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.5, pp.407-421, 1985
被引用文献数
3
著者
三浦 尚子
出版者
一般社団法人 人文地理学会
雑誌
人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.1, pp.1-21, 2016 (Released:2018-01-31)
参考文献数
24
被引用文献数
1 1

本稿は,障害者自立支援法施行に伴って制度化された東京都の通過型グループホームが,精神障害者の地域ケアにおいて果たす役割について,R 自治体内における通過型グループホームの事業者および入居者に対する質的調査に基づき,「ケア空間」「あいだの空間」という分析概念を用いて検討した。その結果,以下の知見が得られた。通過型グループホームの入居者は,精神科病院の退院条件であるか,家族との関係が悪い場合が多く居住地を選べない,ほかに生活環境を転換する術をもたないことを入居の理由としており,必ずしも本意に基づく選択ではないことが明らかとなった。しかし入所後,入居者は施設内に設置された交流室にて,職員や他入居者との間で無条件の肯定的配慮や共感的理解の態度で形成される「ケア空間」を通して,新たな主体性を出現させて自尊を獲得し,生への希望を見出していた。事業者は通過型グループホームを「あいだの空間」と位置づけ,単身生活への移行を障害者の自立とみなす国や行政機関の見解に即してその役割に肯定的であったが,入居者にとっては別の希望の空間へと向かうために重要な物理的・社会的な空間であるといえる。