著者
宗接 哲也 堀内 孝
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.86.14314, (Released:2015-05-28)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
3 3

The survival processing effect is a robust memory phenomenon of memory whereby encouraging participants to judge words for relevance to a survival situation produces better recall than other processing tasks such as semantic or self-reference tasks (Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada, 2007). The present study separated memory performance into recollection and familiarity, and estimated the contribution of these two factors to the survival processing effect as adaptive memory by using a recognition test based on the dual-process signal detection model. This study also examined the long-term persistence of the effect by delay manipulation (immediate, after a week, after five weeks) of the recognition test. Under delayed conditions (after a week and five weeks), survival processing advantage occurred on recollection, but semantic processing had no effect. In contrast, for familiarity, there was no significant difference between survival and semantic processing. These findings suggest that the survival processing effect mainly relies on recollection.
著者
川西 千弘
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.66, no.4, pp.261-268, 1995-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
1 1

The present study investigated how the influence and the function of a face on person perception might vary with the number of targets (one, two or four) and the degree of facial attractiveness (positive or negative). One hundred sixty-seven female undergraduates were tested. After studying behavioral descriptions and photographs of targets, each subject was asked to form impressions and recall the descriptions of the targets. The main results were as follows. (a) A face became more influential as the number of targets increased. (b) A positive face exerted greater influence than a nagative face. (c) The effet of the number of targets was greater for nagative faces.
著者
荊 其誠
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.2, pp.117-121, 1989-06-30 (Released:2010-07-16)
参考文献数
22

The recent development of psychology in the People's Republic of China is reviewed in some important areas. The foundations of Chinese psychology is traced back to Chinese ancient philosophy and modern Marxist ideology. The difficulty encountered in the building of a new psychology as well as some exemplary research topics are described. Special emphasis is made on the psychological research related to the one-child family problem. A final discussion is on the relation of psychology to China's four Modernizations.
著者
藤原 和政 川俣 理恵 粕谷 貴志
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.93.21036, (Released:2022-08-30)
参考文献数
27

The present study investigates the changes in school satisfaction of high school students in credit-based schools. A total of 315 students (boys = 141, girls = 174) participated in longitudinal study surveys conducted annually during their high school years (a total of three surveys). The results of the latent growth curve model indicated that approved as a classmate increased, while infringed and maladjustment decreased. Furthermore, it was shown that the changes in approved as a classmate and infringed and maladjustment were linked. In addition, as a result of the growth mixture model, three profiles were extracted: (a) a profile similar to the latent growth curve model, (b) a profile in which there was no change in approved as a classmate but an increase in infringed and maladjustment, and (c) a profile in which there was no longitudinal change in either approved as a classmate or infringed and maladjustment. Based on these results, the direction of educational support in credit-based high schools and future prospects were discussed.
著者
澤田 忠幸
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.84, no.5, pp.468-476, 2013-12-25 (Released:2014-03-01)
参考文献数
39
被引用文献数
8 8

This study examined the relationship among human relations in the workplace, job involvement, affective commitment and continuance commitment with occupational and organizational commitment, and well-being. Questionnaires were completed by 855 female nurses who worked in four public hospitals (mean age = 32.6 years).The results of factor analysis showed that each component of the vocational constructs was distinguishable from the others. Path analysis showed that human relations in the workplace directly influenced job involvement and affective commitment both to the occupation and to the organization. Job involvement in turn directly influenced affective commitment and continuance commitment to the occupation. Job involvement also influenced affective commitment to the organization directly, and indirectly through affective commitment to the occupation. Finally, it was found that human relations in the workplace and affective commitment to the occupation positively influenced well-being; continuance commitment to the occupation was a negative influence. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
著者
中井 宏 小川 和久
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.85, no.4, pp.373-382, 2014 (Released:2014-10-25)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
2 1

Interview and questionnaire surveys were conducted with bus drivers in Japan, with the goal of developing an educational program for better control of emotions among bus drivers. The interviews aimed at identifying stressors and ways in which stress negatively influenced bus services. The questionnaire survey, which was being developed as a self-diagnosis tool, further provided bus drivers with the opportunity to understand their own emotional tendencies. Factor analysis identified six factors underlying work-related stress: anger at unsafe behaviours of nearby road users, irritation caused by complaints from passengers, time pressures, anxiety about traffic accidents, impatience with slow passengers, and resentment of bad-mannered passengers. The influence of stress on the drivers comprised four factors: cognitive failure, sullen behaviour, abrupt acceleration/deceleration, and aggressive driving. Moreover, drivers with lower stress were relatively older and more experienced. Based on these results, educational materials were proposed with the aim of enhancing bus drivers’ understanding of their emotional processes and coping skills.

1 0 0 0 OA 書評

出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.4, pp.217-219, 1964 (Released:2010-07-16)
被引用文献数
1 1
著者
黒田 起吏 高橋 茉優 亀田 達也
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第85回大会 (ISSN:24337609)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.PC-001, 2021 (Released:2022-03-30)

メンバー全員が集団意思決定に参加(投票)する場合,多数決は高い正答率をもたらす。しかし,投票がコストを伴い,そのため投票しない誘因がある場合でも,集合知が成立するかは不明である。本研究では「能力に自信がある人は,投票せずに個人として意思決定したほうが利益が見込めるため多数決に参加しない」と予測し,実験室実験を行った。参加者は知覚課題に取り組み,個人として回答するか,投票して多数決に従うかを選んだ。また,実験結果をもとにシミュレーションを行い,メンバー全員が投票した場合の多数決精度を計算した。分析の結果,自信のない参加者ほど投票しやすいことがわかった。この投票バイアスの結果,本実験での多数決は,全員が投票した場合(シミュレーション結果)よりも一貫して劣っていた。また,課題が難しい場合,投票する人数が多いとむしろ正答率は下がった。個人の自発的な選択から生じる投票バイアスに対して多数決が脆弱である可能性を,本研究は示唆している。
著者
髙橋 幸子 松井 豊
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.94, no.2, pp.181-187, 2023 (Released:2023-06-25)
参考文献数
30

This study was designed to clarify the process by which a favorable work environment before a disaster affects work stressors and stress responses of local government employees recovering from a natural disaster caused by an earthquake, heavy rains, or localized landslides. The results of a cross-sectional questionnaire survey conducted with 943 employees engaged in disaster response work in two disaster-stricken local governments indicated that 8.6 % of the employees were at high risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and 6.0 % were likely to have mood and anxiety disorders. A path analysis revealed that a more favorable pre-disaster work environment resulted in more positive engagement with citizens and less negative engagement after the disaster, as well as less work-related relationship difficulties. However, experiencing work-related relationship difficulties, heavier workloads, and a lack of a sense of self-control in their work led to stronger PTSD symptoms and mood and anxiety disorders. These results suggest that favorable work environments, as a pre-disaster preparedness measure, might mitigate the work stressors associated with recovery work and thus reduce stress responses.
著者
国里 愛彦 小杉 考司
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第85回大会 (ISSN:24337609)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.TWS-012, 2021 (Released:2022-03-30)

再現可能性を高める上では,データから論文までをシームレスに接続して研究を行うことが推奨される。それによって,データの前処理から統計解析への移行時のミス,解析結果を論文内に記載する際のミスを防ぐことができ,研究の再現可能性を高めることができる。これを可能にするソフトウェアとしてR Markdownがあり,主要な学術雑誌のテンプレートが用意されている。国際誌の場合は既存のテンプレートを活用して論文執筆ができるが,国内誌の場合は日本語の処理や引用文献処理の問題もあり,適切なテンプレートが存在しない。そこで,我々は『心理学研究』などの国内誌に対応したjpaRmdパッケージを開発した。jpaRmdパッケージを使うことで,データの前処理,統計解析,論文執筆を1つのソフトウェア内でシームレスに扱うことができる。また,jpaRmdは投稿規定に沿った出力ができるので,フォーマット調整にかける労力を減らし,論文執筆に注力できる。本チュートリアルでは,各種ソフトウェアの導入からスタートし,再現性を高めるフォルダ構造の設定,そして実際にjpaRmdを使って論文執筆ができるようになることを目指す。
著者
福留 広大 森永 康子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.94, no.2, pp.188-193, 2023 (Released:2023-06-25)
参考文献数
20

In Japan, a married couple must use the same surname to comply with the civil code, and the wife takes her husband’s surname in more than 95 % of married couples. We hypothesized that ambivalent sexism, including hostile and benevolent sexism, is related to the preferred surname choice among unmarried men and women. We discovered the following results. First, men showed averseness to changing their surnames, while women showed acceptance. Second, individuals strongly endorsing hostile sexism were more likely to accept changing their surnames than those endorsing it weakly. Third, men strongly supporting benevolent sexism refused to change their surnames. The relationships between ambivalent sexism and surname choice in Japan were discussed.
著者
鈴木 公啓
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.94.22309, (Released:2023-06-30)
参考文献数
29

This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of body image of Japanese high school girls and the relationship between body dissatisfaction and the desire to lose weight using objective silhouette figures developed based on real and objective data from Japanese girls. Additionally, the girls’ body image was also examined by male high school students. A total of 169 female and 148 male high school students were asked to respond to several body images using an objective silhouette figure. The female high school students also responded to items measuring body dissatisfaction and the desire to lose weight. The results confirmed that the girls had not overestimated their body image and that they idealized a body shape considerably slimmer than their current body shape. The results also suggest that cognition rather than substance of body shape is related to body dissatisfaction and the desire to lose weight. Furthermore, the results also indicated that estimation gaze by same-sex rather than opposite-sex is essential in determining the ideal image.
著者
野村 亮太
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第84回大会 (ISSN:24337609)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.PI-011, 2020-09-08 (Released:2021-12-08)

2020年には,ソーシャルディスタンシングという用語が一般化し,多くの人が集まる会議は制限されている。それらの代替手段として,企業や大学ではweb会議がこれまでにないほど高い頻度で行われるようになった。web会議では,画面中の相手に注意を向けなければならないことに加え,時に通信状況に起因した遅延が生じるなど,通常の会議では経験しない出来事も生じやすい。あるタイミングで会話中にふと静まり返り,誰も言葉を発しない時,フランスのことわざで「天使が通る Un ange passe.」と表現される。こうした少々の気まずい瞬間の生起頻度について,著者の知る限り正確な統計はないが,体験的にはweb会議での方が多いようだ。本研究では,会議で円滑にターンテイキング状況とぎこちない場合で何が異なるかを比較できるように,行動指標の定量化を目指した。具体的には,多人数が参加するweb会議を想定して,画面から人の顔を検出し,瞬目タイミングを同定するプログラムを作成した。また,瞬目生起タイミングの一致度について比較できる統計量を定義した。今後は,通信による遅延が生じない360度カメラでの映像とweb会議で統計量を比較する予定である。