著者

服部 陽介 本間 喜子 丹野 義彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.85.13060, (Released:2014-08-01)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

2 2

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the contents of meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression and to investigate the relationship between these beliefs and the paradoxical effects of thought suppression. In Study 1, we developed a scale measuring the endorsement of meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression. This measure, the Meta-cognitive Beliefs about Thought Suppression Questionnaire (BTQ), has four subscales: Distraction, Paradoxical Effect, Regret, and Promotion of Concentration. In Study 2 and Study 3, the BTQ showed sufficient criterion-related validity and test-retest reliability. In Study 4, we conducted an experiment to investigate the relationship between meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression and its paradoxical effects. Results showed that the Paradoxical Effect subscale score significantly predicted the number of intrusive thoughts during thought suppression. The development process of meta-cognitive beliefs about thought suppression and implications for research about cognitive control are discussed.

著者

鈴川 由美 豊田 秀樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.1, pp.51-63, 2012 (Released:2012-09-26)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1 3

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This study analyzed the statistical power of research studies published in the “Japanese Journal of Psychology” in 2008 and 2009. Sample effect sizes and sample statistical powers were calculated for each statistical test and analyzed with respect to the analytical methods and the fields of the studies. The results show that in the fields like perception, cognition or learning, the effect sizes were relatively large, although the sample sizes were small. At the same time, because of the small sample sizes, some meaningful effects could not be detected. In the other fields, because of the large sample sizes, meaningless effects could be detected. This implies that researchers who could not get large enough effect sizes would use larger samples to obtain significant results.

著者

山内 香奈

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.2, pp.117-125, 2012 (Released:2012-11-20)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

1

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This research employed an extended hypothetical model that included the cognitions of attribution and importance from Oliver's (1980) expectancy-disconfirmation model. The model examined factors which might mitigate the experiences of dissatisfied passengers who encountered the types of service disruption that occur frequently on city train routes. A covariance structural analysis model was applied to questionnaire data obtained from 5 383 railroad users who encountered problems. The passengers' degree of discontent was most strongly influenced by their evaluation of the responsibility attributed by the railroad company. The strong influence of the passengers' impression of the impropriety of the railroad company's announcements regarding the train service make it imperative for the railroad company to take strong corrective action. The passengers' dissatisfaction will decrease greatly when there are appropriate announcements, in addition to the alleviation of discrepancies related to time, confusion, and changes.

著者

佐々木 淳 丹野 義彦

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.4, pp.397-402, 2005-10-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4 4

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During adolescence, it is known that some experiences similar to mental disorders are observed in normal people. This study empirically examined the psychological factors causing the distress of egorrhea symptoms, i. e., the feeling that the internal state is “seen through.” Possible psychological factors were identified based on previous studies. A questionnaire battery was administered to undergraduate students and a series of multiple regression analyses was conducted on the questionnaire data with the degrees of distress as the dependent variable and psychological factors as independent variables. The results indicated that the distress of egorrhea symptoms in the situation of “blushing and dismay” was led by the idea of offending, the motivation for avoiding rejection, and suspicion; and that the distress of egorrhea symptoms in the situation of “disagreeable individual” was led by the idea of offending, motivation for avoiding rejection, and secrecy. The results suggest that the ideas of offending and the motivation for avoiding rejection have a significant influence on egorrhea symptoms. Finally, the relationship between egorrhea symptoms and communication was discussed.

著者

齊藤 陽子 佐久間 尚子 石井 賢二 水澤 英洋

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.5, pp.405-413, 2009 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

25

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Two experiments were conducted to identify the role of lyrics and melody in song recognition. Experiment 1 (N=30) investigated the ratings of familiarity, age of acquisition, retrievability of lyrics or melody, and happiness for 100 Japanese children's songs. In Experiment 2 (N=31), a familiarity-judgment task was conducted involving three stimulus types—sung lyrics (SONG), spoken lyrics (LYRICS), and sung melody using the syllable/la/ (MELODY) —for two excerpts (beginning and middle locations). The participants were instructed to judge whether an excerpt sounded familiar as quickly as possible. The more familiar the songs, the easier could they be identified from the three stimulus types. SONG-response time (RT) was shorter than MELODY-RT for both beginning and middle, and than LYRICS-RT for the middle. The location effect emerged most prominently for LYRICS-RT. Our results suggest that interactively connected information of lyrics and melody may facilitate song recognition. Lyrics in the beginning might be an index only for certain, very familiar songs, whereas melody may play a facilitative role for song recognition regardless of location.

著者

中谷内 一也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.171-177, 1998-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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Even when the amount of loss reduction is exactly the same, a protective action that leaves no loss may be valued more than others that leave some. It is called “zero-risk effect, ” which was examined in this study. One hundred and forty-four undergraduates rated their willingness to pay (WTP) for three protective actions that would leave 800, 400, or 0 deaths. Results showed that the WTP difference between actions resulting in 400 deaths and no death was larger than that between actions resulting in 800 deaths and 400 deaths. The effect was shown not only in a negative framing condition, but also in a positive one. The results thus established the robustness of zero-risk effect, which cannot be explained in terms of the negative framing effect. Finally, implications for risk management and risk communication were discussed.

著者

大宮 明子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.1, pp.1-8, 2008 (Released:2011-03-16)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

2 1

---

This study examined the development of the thinking strategy that leads to the conclusion that not every simple problem has a simple solution (indetermination). The development of this strategy was examined by studying the developmental process of indeterminate conditional reasoning, using the following three conditionals: category-based, causal, and deontic. The experiment was conducted with a total of 100 children between late four and early six years of age. First, the children were administered the indeterminate conditional reasoning task and the comprehension task, which examined whether or not they understood the statement that not every simple problem has a simple solution. The results revealed that although young children understood the concept of indetermination, they were not always able to draw an indeterminate conclusion. On being encouraged to change their viewpoint, the children found it easier to arrive at the correct conclusion. The development of the thinking strategy and ways to encourage it were discussed based on the results.

著者

中村 紘子 松尾 朗子 眞嶋 良全

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.95.22217, (Released:2024-02-10)

参考文献数

43

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Anthropomorphism is the attribution of human-like mental states to nonhuman entities. The purpose of this study was to develop a Japanese version of the Individual Differences in Anthropomorphism Questionnaire (IDAQ-J) and to examine its factor structure, reliability, and validity through three studies. Factor analysis revealed that the IDAQ-J has three first-order factors (anthropomorphizing natural entities, technological devices, and nonhuman animals) and one second-order factor (general anthropomorphism). The IDAQ-J showed high internal consistency and moderate test-retest reliability. In terms of validity, the IDAQ-J showed moderate positive correlations with anthropomorphism of nature and machines, and predicted low negative emotions about interacting with robots and teleological beliefs. On the other hand, the IDAQ-J showed weak relationships with anthropomorphism of nonhuman animals, attitudes toward nature conservation, and fear of robots. Further research is needed to interpret the validity of the IDAQ-J.

著者

豊田 さくら 石川 健介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第85回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.PD-030, 2021 (Released:2022-03-30)

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本研究の目的は,猫動画・画像を視聴することによるストレス緩和効果,気分状態改善効果について検討することであった。「猫動画の視聴(動画群)」,「猫画像の視聴(画像群)」,「安静状態の保持(統制群)」の3つの視聴条件を設定した。動画群では猫の動画が提示され,画像群では猫の画像が提示された。統制群では,猫動画も猫動画も提示をしなかった。3(群)×2(測定段階)の分散分析を行った。測定段階の主効果は,全て群において「緊張」と「怒り」と「疲労」の得点で有意であった。群の主効果および群と測定段階の交互作用は,全ての項目で有意でなかった。以上より,全ての視聴条件によって「緊張」「怒り」「疲労」の気分の状態が変化したことがわかる。しかし,猫動画・画像を視聴することによって得られる特別な効果は示されなかったといえる。

著者

吉田 正昭 森山 美那子 玉井 ちづ子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.6, pp.353-366, 1962 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1 1

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It is said that the Japanese are weak toward authority, and the authors feel it is necessary to analyze the structure of the attitude toward authority among Japanese. The main purpose of this paper is an analysis of the Japanese attitude toward authority.1) Thirty items (jobs or positions) were selected for rating. These items were: Judge of the Supreme Court, lawer, university professor, editorial writer of a big newspaper, radio news commentator, chief engineer for constuction of a dam, the president of the medical association, the Foreign Minister, Member of Parliament, the chairman of the General Council of Trade Unions, revolutionist, the president of the Bank of Japan, director of a large company, the best rice cultivator in Japan, principal of a primary school, president of the society for the child welfare, social worker, minister, president of Soka-Gakkai (a society of a new religion), the Emperor, literary critic, music conductor, kabuki actor, movie actor, masterhand of Go or chess, designer, Miss Universe, head master of tea ceremony, a grand champion of Sumo wrestling, and a baseball pitcher of fame.2) These items were rated on twenty-two traits or attributes by the contant sum method. These traits were: length of training or experience, thinking ability, constant effort, educational background, popularity, critical ability toward the current issues, good writing and fluent speech, administrative ability, social status, standing by the weak, popularity among high society, number of subordinates, sensitivity, physical strength, good looks, idealism, international reputation, financial status, good tradition, superhuman attractiveness, pedigree, and athletic skill. Raters were about one hundred and twenty female university students.3) The results of the rating for the social status are as follows: The president of the Bank of Japan is ranked the highest, and the president of the medical association, judge of the Supreme Court, the Emperor, the Foreign Minister, university professor and director of big company, follows in this order. These ranks seem to coincide with the current social hierarchy. Those who have strong social powers seem to be ranked high and those who criticize them low. Intellectual abilities (e.g., ability of reasoning, critical ability and educational background) are ranked higher than family standing, prestige by tradition or physical ability (see Table 1).4) Intercorrelations of the twenty-two traits were computed and analyzed by Thurstone's centroid solution, and the following factors were found. (I) High education and social status vs. physical ability, constant efforts, popularity, and superhuman attractiveness. (II) Idealism vs. popularity among high society. (III) Term of training or experience, constant effort and physical strength vs. administrative ability. (IV) Good looks vs. popularity. Percentage of the factor variance (I) is approximately 50 (see Table 4 and Fig. 1).5) Thirteen items selected from the thirty items, mentioned above were rated and analyzed by Torgerson's multi-dimensional scaling method. Raters were eighty female university students, fifty factory workers, a few nurses, business girls, and house wives. The results show that these items can be arranged on a two dimensional space with x and y axes. Those who have high ranks along the x axis are Foreign Minister, university professor, editorial writer and the Emperor, and those who have low ranks are movie actor, head-master of tea ceremony and a grand champion of Sumo. This may imply that the x axis shows the degree of social influences or the amount of authority. The higher the social status and educational backgrounds are, the higher the prestige. The prestige based on sensual or physical traits are ranked low. Critical attitude toward the current social hierarchy has not gained high prestige among Japanese. The implication of the y axis is not clear, but it may

著者

山岸 俊男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.162-169, 1990-08-25 (Released:2010-07-16)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

6 7

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Given that group size is known to exert a negative “residual” effect in social dilemmas even when the incentive structure is held constant over different group sizes, it was hypothesized that when no personal contacts were permitted among participants in a one-shot dilemma situation, the residual effect of group size would be mediated either by expectations of other members' contributions or by efficacy of altruistic actions. The results of three experiments in which group size was varied from 2 to 501 (Experiment 1) or 3 to 36 (Experiments 2 and 3) indicate that: (1) the residual effect exists only among small groups; (2) the observed residual effect is mediated by expectations; and, (3) efficacy of altruistic actions does not mediate the observed residual effect.

著者

伊覇 龍信

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第84回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.PH-014, 2020-09-08 (Released:2021-12-08)

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アニメPSYCHO-PASS内での完全で完璧に統制された法システムであるというシビュラシステムが一般の人々に受け入れられる可能性を手続き的公正という観点から進化心理学的な解釈を交え研究した。シビュラシステムによる即時・即決・即罰的な法システムは人間が行う裁判より分配的公正という点では圧倒的に優位に立つが,今までに研究されてきた手続き的公正の概念では人々の理解を簡単には得られない可能性が高い。先行研究では分配的公正を達成する為に手続き的公正が利用されると主張する道具モデルや手続き的公正そのものが価値を持つと主張する集団価値モデルなどが提唱されてきたが,本研究では手続き的公正は分配的公正の代わりに用いられると仮定し,さらには進化的適応環境に培われた認知容量を超えると人々は分配的公正と手続き的公正のどちらも重視しなくなると予測する。オンラインアンケートを用いて人々が異なるシチュエーションにおいて分配的公正と手続き的公正のどちらをより重視するか調査した結果,想定される集団サイズが増加するにつれて分配的公正と手続き的公正のどちらにも無関心になることが確認された。

著者

大杉 尚之 河原 純一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.95.22336, (Released:2023-12-25)

参考文献数

29

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Bowing is a common practice in Japan, believed to greatly affect first impressions. As such, it is emphasized upon in school instruction and post-employment training seminars for new employees. Recently, the influence of bowing on attractiveness was investigated, and it was reported that a bowing motion enhances perceptions of attractiveness. However, previous studies primarily examined this effect via laboratory-based experiments for Japanese university students, which limits the generalizability and reproducibility of the results. Therefore, the present study examined whether this effect can be observed in a web-based experiment and for crowdsourcing service workers. The results showed that bowing increases the facial attractiveness of the 3D computer graphics human models compared to the models standing still (control condition). Further, it was established that prolonged exposure to the bent posture produced a significant bowing effect. These results were extended to the workers, suggesting that the bowing effect can be replicated in web-based experiments for Japanese participants with a broader range of demographics (age and gender, and the view of self).

著者

田崎 美弥子 渡邊 光理 高野 隆司 良峯 徳和 加藤 康広 山口 哲生

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第84回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.SS-043, 2020-09-08 (Released:2021-12-08)

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ニューロフィードバック(NF)は,欧米ではすでに40年以上,てんかん,うつ,自閉症や,発達障害,脳梗塞などの,幅広い疾患に適用されている。NFは,対象者の望ましい脳波を視覚と聴覚刺激をフィードバックにより,望ましい周波帯域に対するオペラント条件付けを図る脳波のバイオフィードバックである。副作用が殆ど報告されず,欧米では保険適用の心理療法となっている。昨今,精神疾患は脳のニューロン回路の不調によるというコネクトーム説に対する最適な療法と再認識されている。日本においても少しずつ認知されるようになってはきたが,いまだに症例報告や研究報告が限定されている。本シンポジウムでは,日本において,ADHDや双極性障害,うつ,外傷性てんかん,睡眠障害といった様々な疾患をもつ対象者に適用し,かつ改善が見られた臨症例や研究を紹介し,NFの方法論や適用,効果や限界について論じ,NFに対する正しい理解を促進することを目的とする。

著者

西野 泰代 若本 純子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.1, pp.21-31, 2022 (Released:2022-04-25)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

3 3

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This study investigated whether there are differences in bystander behavior when bullying is witnessed. We evaluated the number and types of bystander behaviors by means of the OBVQ, and then examined the psychological characteristics of the different bystander behaviors. 269 Japanese elementary school students and 503 junior high school students completed questionnaires assessing empathic concern, peer conformity, moral disengagement, authenticity and satisfaction in classes, global self-worth, and how they would respond if they observed a peer being bullied. The results of a multinomial logistic regression analysis and ANOVA demonstrated that there would be some types of bystander behavior with common characteristics such as empathic concern and developmental differences. Moreover, the results also showed that two types of behaviors, of which one indicated the most negative psychological state, might be caused by peer conformity. Other behaviors might be caused by moral disengagement and contain some subordinate modes owing to regulatory effects of peer conformity, such as pretending to be unaware of bullying. The practical implications of bystander behavior are discussed.

著者

伊藤 資浩 反田 智之 河原 純一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第86回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.3PM-057-PI, 2022 (Released:2023-07-07)

著者

金井 嘉宏 佐々木 晶子 岩永 誠 生和 秀敏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.6, pp.520-526, 2010 (Released:2012-03-20)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

6 4

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between subtypes of social anxiety and distorted cognition of bodily sensations. The package of questionnaires including the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) was administered to 582 undergraduate students. To identify subtypes of social anxiety, cluster analysis was conducted using scores of the SPS and SIAS. Five clusters were identified and labeled as follows: Generalized type characterized by intense anxiety in most social situations, Non-anxious type characterized by low anxiety levels in social situations, Averaged type whose anxiety levels are averaged, Interaction anxiety type who feels anxiety mainly in social interaction situations, and Performance anxiety type who feels anxiety mainly in performance situations. Results of an ANOVA indicated that individuals with interaction type fear the negative evaluation from others regarding their bodily sensations whereas individuals with performance type overestimate the visibility of their bodily sensations to others. Differences in salient aspects of cognitive distortion among social anxiety subtypes may show necessity to select intervention techniques in consideration of subtypes.

著者

藤原 佑貴 宮寺 貴之 久原 恵理子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

心理学研究 (ISSN:00215236)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.4, pp.289-299, 2023 (Released:2023-10-25)

参考文献数

30

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This study examines victimization cases where adolescent girls were forced to send sexually explicit photos of themselves to offenders they met online. Adolescent girls who were victimized (n = 138) and police officers who had worked with the victims (n = 136) answered questionnaires. The communications between victims and suspects were classified into four types using multiple correspondence analysis. In the “active children” type, the victims made first contact and were not threatened. In the “tenuous relationship” type, the victims disclosed less information to suspects, who were acquaintances. In the “abusing mutual interests” type, suspects quickly progressed to communicating with victims by audio and video and forced sexual activities. In the “romantic relationship” type, most of the victims and suspects were involved romantically and the victims self-disclosed more information. The characteristics of victims were compared among these groups. The results indicate the need to consider the variation of cases to examine preventive measures against adolescent girls sending sexually explicit photos.

著者

藤木 大介 田中 瑠音

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第84回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.PL-007, 2020-09-08 (Released:2021-12-08)

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近年,小中学校の教科書などにも見られる文章形式として,複数の人物の会話の様子を記したものがある。学生向けの概論書等ではそれを読み進めることで新たな知識が得られるようになっているものもある。こういった対話型のテキストに関し,これまでにも少ないながらもその有用性が検討されてきたが,必ずしもポジティブな結果は得られていない。そこで本研究では,読解を促進する方略の使用を促す発話を多く含んだ対話型テキストを作成し,その有効性を検討した。その結果,通常の形式の説明的文章を読んだ群と比較して,これまでの研究で用いられてきたのと同等の方法で作成された対話型テキストを読んだ群の読解成績が劣ったが,方略を多く含んだ対話型テキストは劣らない成績となり,かつこれらの2つの対話型テキストは通常の文章と比較して読みやすさ等の主観的評定に優れるという結果であった。従来の対話型テキストの成績が劣るのは,対話という親しみやすい表現により結束性等の過大評価が起こり,それに伴って能動的な推論の低下が起こったことが考えられるが,読解方略を多く含めることでこれも抑えられ,主観的にも受け入れやすい文章となることが示唆された。

著者

大塚 啓太 鵜口 大志 吉原 将大

出版者

公益社団法人 日本心理学会

雑誌

日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第83回大会 (ISSN:24337609)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2B-045, 2019-09-11 (Released:2020-09-26)