著者

近藤 悠希

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.3, pp.387-391, 2021-03-01 (Released:2021-03-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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Health literacy is defined as the ability to obtain, evaluate, and scrutinize health information and make appropriate decisions and actions. The spread of the Internet means that medical and drug information is becoming increasingly accessible to patients. However, there is also a large amount of inappropriate and biased medical- and drug-related information on the Internet. Therefore, patients require a high level of health literacy to ensure the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy. In particular, outpatients need a high level of health literacy because they use their own medications without the supervision of healthcare professionals. In this article, I discuss the situation of health literacy and access to pharmaceutical information on the Internet in Japan. Furthermore, issues related to providing drug information to specific populations are explained using the example of chronic kidney disease. It is essential for all pharmaceutical information stakeholders to work together to solve these problems.

著者

井出 利憲

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.126, no.11, pp.1087-1115, 2006-11-01 (Released:2006-11-01)

参考文献数

119

被引用文献数

7 8

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Cell proliferation is regulated through a transition between the G0 phase and cell cycle. We isolated a mammalian temperature-sensitive mutant cell line defective in the function from the G0 phase to cell cycle. Senescent human somatic cells fail to enter into the cell cycle from the G0 phase with stimulation by any growth factor. Telomere shortening was found to be a cause of cellular senescence, and reexpression of telomerase immortalized human somatic cells. Immortalized human somatic cells showed normal phenotypes and were useful not only for basic research but also for clinical and applied fields. The importance of p53 and p21 activation/induction i now well accepted in the signal transduction process from telomere shortening to growth arrest, but the precise mechanism is largely unknown as yet. We found that the MAP kinase cascade and histone acetylase have an important role in the signaling process to express p21. Tumor tissues and cells were found to have strong telomerase activity, while most normal somatic human tissues showed very weak or no activity. Telomerase activity was shown to be a good marker for early tumor diagnosis because significant telomerase activity was detected in very early tumors or even in some precancerous tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. Telomere/telomerase is a candidate target for cancer chemotherapeutics, and an agent that abrogated telomere functions was found to kill tumor cells effectively by inducing apoptosis whereas it showed no effect on the viability of normal cells.

著者

鹿村 恵明 高橋 淳一 大山 明子 根岸 健一 伊集院 一成 上村 直樹 青山 隆夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.10, pp.1509-1518, 2011 (Released:2011-10-01)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 4

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Community pharmacists can provide effective pharmaceutical care by questioning the physicians about their prescriptions. The regulatory authority (Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare or the like) has been issuing instructions/advice to health insurance-covered pharmacies about the nature of questions to be asked to physicians under the national health insurance system. However, this practice has been facing similar kind of problems almost every year. To identify the reasons for repetition of the problems and facilitate proper application of drug therapy at hospitals, we recently examined the nature of questions asked to physicians by conducting a survey of 165 health insurance-covered pharmacies belonging to 8 district branches of the Japan Pharmaceutical Association. When the pharmacists were asked to express their view whether each of the 18 sample questions included in the past surveys was actually necessary, the most frequent answer from the respondents (n=1980) was “neutral” (42.9%), followed by “unnecessary” (29.0%) and “necessary” (26.6%). Further, 55.5% respondents answered that it is necessary to refer to publications of the concerned fields (guidelines, etc.) when questioning the prescriptions. However, the responses about the possible reasons for judging the necessity of the questions suggested that sometimes the pharmacists failed to understand the details of such publications. The results from this study suggest that a high percentage of community pharmacists believed that there was little need to ask questions about prescriptions if the suggestions made by the regulatory authority about the relevant questions were taken into account. Further, our study findings suggested that pharmacists working at clinics cannot present a clear-cut rationale for their judgment about the necessity of asking questions about prescriptions under the current circumstances where sufficient information collection and the evaluation of need for asking questions about prescriptions are not possible.

著者

浦沢 昌徳

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.12, pp.1192-1193, 2013-12-01 (Released:2016-09-26)

著者

早勢 伸正 岩山 訓典 大滝 康一 山下 恭範 粟屋 敏雄 松原 和夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.131, no.1, pp.161-168, 2011-01-01 (Released:2011-01-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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Drugs are sometimes covered with oblate or agar jelly. It is said that the medicinal effect of drugs covered with oblate is slow, but no studies have reported results confirming this. Therefore, we examined the dissolution behavior when the drug was covered with oblate or agar jelly. Three types of commercially available formulations of benzodiazepine were used: medazepam sugarcoated tablets, prazepam uncoated tablets, and clorazepate dipotassium capsules. Dissolution tests were performed using solutions of pH 1.2 and 5.6 to simulate normal gastric juice and gastric anacidity, respectively. Drugs covered with oblate were tested by the paddle method, and those covered with agar jelly were tested using the rotating basket method. Dissolution of clorazepate capsules not covered with oblate increased by approximately 10% when the pH was adjusted from 1.2 to 5.6, while those of medazepam and prazepam tablets decreased by approximately 40-60%. In contrast, the dissolution decreased significantly at both pH values for each drug covered with oblate. Dissolution further decreased when the amount of oblate was doubled. No detectable dissolution of medazepam tablets or of clorazepate capsules occurred when the drug was covered with agar jelly. Dissolution of prazepam tablets covered with agar jelly was only about 10% at the end of the test. These results indicate that dissolution is slowed and prolonged when a drug is covered with oblate or agar jelly, permitting sustained release of the drug. But, it is necessary to improve a suitable method for the dissolution.

著者

中山 健夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.3, pp.331-334, 2018-03-01 (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

---

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) can be defined as “the integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and a patient's unique values and circumstances”. However, even with the best research evidence, many uncertainties can make clinical decisions difficult. As the social requirement of respecting patient values and preferences has been increasingly recognized, shared decision making (SDM) and consensus development between patients and clinicians have attracted attention. SDM is a process by which patients and clinicians make decisions and arrive at a consensus through interactive conversations and communications. During the process of SDM, patients and clinicians share information with each other on the goals they hope to achieve and responsibilities in meeting those goals. From the clinician's standpoint, information regarding the benefits and risks of potential treatment options based on current evidence and professional experience is provided to patients. From the patient's standpoint, information on personal values, preferences, and social roles is provided to clinicians. SDM is a sort of “wisdom” in the context of making autonomous decisions in uncertain, difficult situations through interactions and cooperation between patients and clinicians. Joint development of EBM and SDM will help facilitate patient-clinician relationships and improve the quality of healthcare.

著者

M・A

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.5, pp.360, 1968-05-15 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

石郷 友之 下坪 達人 髙田 遼 中野 敬太 藤居 賢 北川 学 木明 智子 中田 浩雅 福土 将秀

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.2, pp.255-262, 2021-02-01 (Released:2021-02-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

2

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The efficacy and safety of linaclotide in elderly patients are poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in elderly patients in real-world setting. We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients who started linaclotide therapy at Sapporo Medical University Hospital from October 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019. The efficacy and safety of linaclotide were examined in relation to various factors, including age (<65 or ≥65 years) and dose (0.25 or 0.5 mg/d). Fifty-two patients were enrolled, 60% of whom were over 65 years old and 40% were female. Thirty-six patients received a linaclotide dose of 0.25 mg/d. The most common side effect was diarrhea, but there was no difference in the incidence of diarrhea between the elderly (64.5%) and non-elderly patients (42.9%, p=0.130). No significant difference was observed with respect to improvement in constipation in the elderly (83.9%) and non-elderly patients (71.4%, p=0.318). Additionally, the difference in efficacy of linaclotide in patients who received a reduced dose (80.6%) vs. those who received the recommended dose (75.0%) was not statistically significant (p=0.719). Multivariate analysis revealed that age, gender, and dose were not associated with diarrhea induced by linaclotide treatment. However, concurrent treatment with constipation-inducing medications [odds ratio (OR) 5.79, p=0.047] and linaclotide monotherapy (OR 11.1, p=0.040) were both risk factors contributing to diarrhea. Linaclotide is effective and safe for use in elderly patients. The incidence of diarrhea may increase when linaclotide is administered alone or concurrently used with medications that cause constipation.

著者

西野 博

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.198-203, 1982-03-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

鈴木 隆

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.11, pp.1080-1084, 2013-11-01 (Released:2016-09-26)

著者

大塚 篤司 椛島 健治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.10, pp.973-977, 2014 (Released:2016-09-30)

参考文献数

22

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我が国には約40万人のアトピー性皮膚炎(atopic dermatitis;AD)の患者がいるとされる.ADは慢性的なかゆみを伴う皮膚疾患であり,その背景として湿疹ができやすい体質があると考えられている.その体質として皮膚の乾燥が候補因子であったが,十分な解析はなされていなかった.ところが,2006年にADの有病率とフィラグリン遺伝子の相関関係が指摘されたことで,皮膚のバリア機能と免疫とのクロストークが注目を集めることとなった.

著者

安楽 誠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.9, pp.973-979, 2014-09-01 (Released:2014-09-01)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

5 6

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Oxidative damage results in protein modification and is observed in numerous diseases. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in the plasma, exerts important antioxidant activities to prevent oxidative damage. This paper focuses on the characterization of chemical changes in HSA that are induced by oxidative damage, their relevance to human pathology, and the most recent advances in clinical applications. The antioxidant properties of HSA are largely dependent on Cys-34 and its contribution to the maintenance of intravascular homeostasis, including protecting the vascular endothelium under conditions related to oxidative stress. Recent studies have also evaluated the susceptibility of other important amino acid residues to exposure to free radicals. The findings suggest that a redox change in HSA is related to the oxidation of several amino acid residues by different oxidants. On the other hand, the ratio of the oxidized form to the normal form of albumin (HMA/HNA), which is a function of the redox states of Cys-34, could serve as a useful marker for evaluating systemic redox states, which would be useful for the evaluation of disease progression and therapeutic efficacy. This review provides new insights into our current understanding of the mechanism of HSA oxidation, based on in vitro and in vivo studies.

著者

梅津 亮冴 西端 友里 阿部 純子 鈴木 悠起也 原 英彰 永澤 秀子 紀ノ定 保臣 中村 光浩

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.2, pp.299-304, 2014 (Released:2014-02-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

11 17

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Hypoglycemia due to treatment with oral anti-hyperglycemic agents (OHAs) is a major clinical problem in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the risk of hypoglycemia due to OHA use by using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. To this end, reports of hypoglycemia events included in the JADER database between 2004 and 2012 were analyzed by calculating the reporting odds ratio (OR). The Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities Preferred Terms was used to identify hypoglycemia; 254392 reports were found in the JADER database, of which 13269 were excluded because the age and sex of the patient were not reported. Finally, 241123 reports were analyzed. Among OHAs, sulfonylureas showed the highest adjusted OR (adjusted OR, 10.13; 95% confidence interval, 9.08-11.26). The adjusted ORs for meglitinides, biguanide, thiazolidinedione, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were significantly lower than that of sulfonylureas. The adjusted OR of meglitinides (3.17; 95% confidence interval, 2.23-4.36) was significantly higher than that of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors or thiazolidinedione. We observed no difference between the adjusted ORs for biguanide, thiazolidinedione, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Data mining of the JADER database was useful for analyzing OHA-associated hypoglycemia events. The results of our study suggested a low risk of hypoglycemia associated with biguanide, thiazolidinedione, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in clinical practice.

著者

井上 和秀

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.5, pp.563-569, 2017-05-01 (Released:2017-05-01)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

4 11

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A growing body of evidence indicates that extracellular ATP released or leaked from nonexcitable cells as well as neurons plays important roles in the regulation of neuronal and glial functions in the entire body through ATP receptors. ATP receptors (ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors) are the most abundant receptor families in living organisms. In the central nervous system, these receptors participate in the synaptic transmission and intercellular communications between neurons and glia. The glia cells are classified into three types: astrocytes; oligodendrocytes; and microglia. There are many reports that spinal microglia express ATP receptors (P2X4, P2X7, P2Y6, and P2Y12 receptors) that have very important roles. We reported that several molecules of microglia are activated after peripheral nerve injury in a neuropathic pain model. In particular, P2X4 receptors (P2X4Rs) expressed in microglia play a critical role in evoking neuropathic pain. P2X4Rs are upregulated in spinal microglia after nerve injury by several factors such as the CC chemokine receptor CCR2, fibronectin in the spinal cord, interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 8, and IRF5 expressed in microglia. The inhibition of P2X4R action suppresses the functions of microglia and neuropathic pain. These results indicate that overexpressing P2X4Rs on microglia are a central player in evoking neuropathic pain.

著者

眞鍋 康子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.10, pp.1285-1290, 2018-10-01 (Released:2018-10-01)

参考文献数

41

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Exercise is generally considered to have health benefits for the body, although its beneficial mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Recent progressive research suggests that myokines, bioactive substances secreted from skeletal muscle, play an important role in mediating the benefits of exercise. There are three types of myokines in terms of the muscular secretion mechanism: those in which the secretion is promoted by stimulation, such as irisin, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-15; those whose secretion is constitutive, such as thioredoxin, glutaredoxin, and peroxiredoxin; and those whose secretion is suppressed by stimulation, such as by a macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Although dozens of myokines have been reported, their physiological roles are not well understood. Therefore, there currently exists no advanced drug discovery research specifically targeting myokines, with the exception of Myostatin. Myostatin was discovered as a negative regulator of muscle growth. Myostatin is secreted from muscle cells as a myokine; it signals via an activin type IIB receptor in an autocrine manner, and regulates gene expressions involved in myogenesis. Given the studies to date that have been conducted on the utilization of myostatin inhibitors for the treatment of muscle weakness, including cachexia and sarcopenia, other myokines may also be new potential drug targets.

著者

加藤 百合

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.10, pp.1020, 2017 (Released:2017-10-01)

参考文献数

4

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朝にインフルエンザワクチンを接種すると,午後に接種する場合と比較して抗体力価が上がることから,概日リズムにより免疫システムが制御されていることが示唆されている.このメカニズムの解明は,様々な病原体に対する効率的なワクチン療法の確立に重要である.ワクチン接種による免疫獲得には,リンパ球が重要な役割を担う.リンパ球は抗原を探索するために,血液からリンパ節へ移行し(ホーミング),その後,遠心性のリンパ管を流れるリンパ液へと放出され(遊出),全身を循環する.これまでに免疫応答が,活動期と休息期で日内変動することは報告されていたが,リンパ球の概日リズムへの関与は長らく議論があった.本稿では,リンパ球が概日リズムで制御されることによって,リンパ節へのリンパ球の移行,リンパ節からのリンパ球の放出,さらには免疫応答が調節されていることを明らかにした,Druzdらの研究成果を紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Long J. E. et al., Vaccine, 34, 2679-2685(2016).2) Scheiermann C. et al., Nat. Rev. Immunol., 13, 190-198(2013).3) Hemmers S. et al., Cell Rep., 11, 1339-1349(2015).4) Druzd D. et al., Immunity, 46, 120-132(2017).

著者

葛谷 昌之 近藤 伸一 伊藤 幸祐 沢 崇史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.4, pp.289-293, 2001-04-01 (Released:2002-09-27)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

1 1

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The area of radiation exposure by the nuclear accident occurred at Tokai village in 1999 was estimated by the ESR measurement of 95 household sugar samples collected from the accident area. These samples were roughly classified into three types of sugar, fine white sugar, fine brown sugar and coarse brown sugar. The control fine white sugar showed no radical in the ESR spectrum, while those of fine brown sugar and coarse brown sugar showed the presence of a small amount of radicals. It was also shown that, among these three kinds of sugar, the radical concentration of fine white sugar sampled from wooden houses at the area similar to each other did not vary much with the samples, while those of fine brown sugar and coarse brown sugar varied to a considerable extent. Thus, the fine white sugar is considered to be more suitable for the estimation of the level of radiation exposure. The radical concentration of each fine white sugar sample was plotted against the distance from the site of the nuclear accident with a correction of the difference in the shielding effect between concrete houses and wooden houses. The samples obtained at more than 2 km north of the site of nuclear accident showed no ESR spectral signal to a detectable extent. On the other hand, the ESR spectra were observed from the samples obtained within 10 km south and 4 km west of the accident site. These results suggest that the radiation exposure by the contaminant blown by the northeast wind blowing on the day of the accident may occur at the south and west areas.

著者

長谷川 洋一 坂巻 弘之 山崎 学 岩月 進 生出 泉太郎 北田 光一 大箸 義章 須田 晃治 望月 正隆

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.134, no.2, pp.277-291, 2014-02-01 (Released:2014-02-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 5

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The first crop of pharmacists graduating from 6-year programs in pharmaceutical l education arrived in April 2012, and it will be important to incorporate new factors when predicting future trends in supply and demand for pharmacists. If we project supply given an exam pass rate of 75%, the supply of pharmacists will increase for the next 10 years or so if the number of exam takers is about 10000, and no decrease in the total number of pharmacists is expected until 2035. At pharmacies, a high degree of demand for the services of pharmacists can be expected to result from increases in the number of elderly patients and the number of patients receiving prescriptions, together with expanded accommodation of home health care, if the proportion of prescriptions that are actually filled up to 70%. At hospitals, demand has been projected to increase over the short term, owing to such factors as the trend toward having a resident pharmacist in each ward, advances in team medicine, and the spread of outpatient chemotherapy. Given the rising enrollment quotas for schools of pharmacy, and if the current supply and demand for pharmacists are maintained, we cannot rule out the possibility that pharmacists will come to be in excess supply within a 10-year horizon if the number of unemployed continues to decrease and the employment rate continues to improve along with changes in economic conditions and the consciousness of graduates of the 6-year programs.

著者

小平 京佳 阿部 匠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.8, pp.757-759, 2020 (Released:2020-08-01)

参考文献数

8

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『日本薬局方』収載レセルピンの立体化学表記の間違いを見つけた. 構造確認の重要性を示す好例であるとともに, 間違いを最小限にする表記法について考える良い機会でもあるのでその経緯と詳細について紹介する.

著者

富野 浩充

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.6, pp.545-548, 2019 (Released:2019-06-01)

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単行本が発行されてから多数の記事で取り上げていただいていますが、「薬剤師っていらなくない?」というコピーがよく使われています。コミックスを開いて2ページ目にあるこのセリフには、かなりの破壊力があるようです。病院薬剤師漫画「アンサングシンデレラ」医療原案担当としての活動内容、ライター活動の経緯などを伝えます。