著者

柴田 ゆうか

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.1, pp.25-31, 2021-01-01 (Released:2021-01-01)

参考文献数

32

---

Various issues related to clinical use of medicines remain unclear, and pharmacists are expected to establish evidence for appropriate use of medicines. The present review summarizes our findings from three areas of research regarding the use of medicines in the operating room: 1) We evaluated the extent of extravasation injury due to thiopental (2.5 mg/100 μL) and propofol (1.0 mg/100 μL) at the macroscopic and histopathologic levels in a rat model. Thiopental, which causes tissue necrosis, can be classified as a “vesicant”, and propofol can be classified as an “irritant”. Moreover, warming strongly exacerbated the degeneration or necrosis induced by extravasation of thiopental. 2) The cytotoxicity of povidone-iodine solution (PVP-I) for ophthalmic use and that of polyvinyl alcohol-iodine solution (PAI) was compared using a human corneal epithelial cell line. Despite exhibiting equivalent antiseptic effects, the cytotoxicity of PVP-I diluted 16-fold was greater than that of PAI diluted 6-fold. After inactivation of iodine, the cytotoxicity of PVP-I persisted; therefore, to avoid corneal damage, antisepsis should be achieved with PAI. 3) The stability of 1 μg/mL adrenaline when used as an intraocular irrigating solution to maintain pupil dilation was evaluated. After mixing for 6 h, the adrenaline concentration was 65.2% (pH 8.0) of the initial concentration. Moreover, the low concentration of sodium bisulfite in the irrigating solution could have caused adrenaline reduction. Our results strongly suggest that intraocular irrigation solution containing adrenaline should be prepared just prior to use in surgery.

著者

若槻 壮市 山田 悠介 Leonard M. G. CHAVAS 五十嵐 教之 川崎 政人 加藤 龍一 平木 雅彦 松垣 直宏

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.5, pp.631-640, 2010-05-01 (Released:2010-05-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 2

---

The Targeted Protein Research Program (TPRP) started in 2007 as a sequel of the Protein 3000 Project which lasted from 2002 to 2007. In the new project, four cores, Protein Production, Structure Analysis, Control of Protein Functions with Compounds, and Informatics, have been established as focus of methodology developments critical for functional and structural studies by the target protein research teams. Within the “Analysis Core” synchrotron radiation plays a pivotal role providing X-ray beams for structural analyses of the target proteins. The two large Japanese synchrotron radiation facilities, SPring-8 and Photon Factory (PF), along with three protein crystallography groups from Hokkaido, Kyoto and Osaka Universities have teamed up to develop two complementary micro-beam beamlines, one on each synchrotron site, and associated technologies for cutting edge structural biology research. At the PF, there are 5 operational beamlines which are equipped with state-of-the-art instrumentation for high-throughput protein crystallography experiments. Within the TPRP framework, the PF is developing a micro-focus beamline optimized for a lower energy single anomalous diffraction (SAD) experiment. This will be particularly useful for structure determination of difficult protein targets for which heavy atom derivatives or selenomethionine substitution does not work and other standard phasing methods fail to give structure solutions. This will augment the capabilities of the PF structural biology beamlines with similar look-and-feel experimental environments.

著者

森本 健幹 長島 裕樹 森本 泰子 徳山 尚吾

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.137, no.9, pp.1129-1136, 2017-09-01 (Released:2017-09-01)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

7

---

Tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC) is a combination antibiotic frequently used to treat pneumonia. It has recently been reported that TAZ/PIPC worsens renal function in patients with existing renal impairment. Creatinine clearance is generally between 10 and 40 mL/min in Japanese patients, so TAZ/PIPC is given at a dose of 2.25 g three times daily or 4.5 g twice daily. If pneumonia is severe or intractable, the dose frequency may be increased to 2.25 g four times daily and 4.5 g three times daily. We examined the effect of these different dosing regimens on renal function. We studied a cohort of 57 patients with impaired renal function hospitalized with pneumonia and treated with TAZ/PIPC between January 2015 and November 2016. Patients were classified into four groups according to TAZ/PIPC dose: 2.25 g three times daily (Group A); 2.25 g four times daily (B); 4.5 g twice daily (C) and 4.5 g three times daily (D). We examined the frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) and treatment effectiveness. In Groups A, B, C and D, AKI occurred in 5.6%, 0.0%, 25.0% and 38.5% of patient. In groups C and D, hydration and dose reduction were required to address early signs of impending AKI. Our findings suggest that the higher TAZ/PIPC dose of 4.5 g was responsible for the decline in renal function, even if the dose frequency was reduced.

著者

犬伏 壮一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.54, no.3, pp.240-241, 2018 (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

1

---

徳島の伝統薬「敬震丹(けいしんたん)」は、江戸時代文政年間(1818~1830)に誕生した気付け薬である。藍取引で財をなした犬伏家が、大阪道修町との繋がりを深め、鎖国当時としては貴重な生薬(麝香、牛黄、竜脳、人参、サフラン、香附子、沈香、甘松、桂皮、牛胆、丁子、木香、甘草、生姜)を配合した。1cm角の板状の錠剤で、芳香性の気剤により香りで気を巡らす処方内容であり、口中で香りを嗅いでから服用するとより効果的である。

著者

小泉 誠

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

MEDCHEM NEWS (ISSN:24328618)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.38-42, 2016-02-01 (Released:2018-07-02)

参考文献数

20

---

mRNA発現を制御するアンチセンス核酸やタンパク質の機能を抑制するアプタマーは、核酸医薬品として開発されている。核酸医薬は、低分子化合物や抗体医薬では標的とすることが困難な分子に対してアプローチすることができる。2013年に米国食品医薬品局は家族性高コレステロール血症の治療薬としてKYNAMRO(mipomersen)を認可した。その後、欧米では製薬企業と核酸医薬関連のベンチャーとの核酸医薬の研究開発の提携が多く見られている。また、核酸医薬に関係する事業に参入する国内企業も増えてきている。本稿では国内外企業による核酸医薬の最近の研究開発状況について述べる。

著者

吉松 嘉代 北澤 尚 河野 徳昭 飯田 修 川原 信夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.2, pp.237-246, 2010-02-01 (Released:2010-02-01)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2 2

---

Illegal cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation is still a social problem worldwide. Fifty inquiries on cannabis that Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources (Tsukuba Division) received between January 1, 2000 and March 31, 2009 were itemized in to 8 categories; 1: seed identification, 2: plant identification, 3: indoor cultivation, 4: outdoor cultivation, 5: germination and growth characteristics, 6: expected amount of cannabis products derived from illegal cannabis plant, 7: non-narcotic cannabis and 8: usage of medicinal cannabis. Top three inquiries were 1: seed identification (16 cases), 3: indoor cultivation (10 cases) and 4: outdoor cultivation (6 cases). Characteristics of cannabis, namely seed morphology, germination and growth characteristics, and distinction from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) that is frequently misjudged as cannabis, were studied to contribute for prevention of illegal cannabis cultivation.

著者

八幡 紋子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.6, pp.582, 2015

---

「カロリーゼロ」「ノンシュガー」.これらは今日の生活で多く見掛ける言葉である.消費者の健康指向の高まりを背景に,様々な食品や飲料に低カロリー甘味料が選ばれている.なかでも人工甘味料は砂糖に比べ甘味度が数百倍高く,カロリーを抑えて使用できることから,今後も使用量が増加すると予測されている.一方で人工甘味料を含む飲料の摂取と,高血圧,高血糖,高トリグリセリドといったメタボリックシンドロームを示すパラメータとの高い相関が報告されている.本稿では,人工甘味料によって腸内細菌叢に変動が起こり,正常な血糖コントロールができない耐糖能異常が現われるという論文を紹介する.<br>なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.<br>1) Lutsey P. L. <i>et al</i>., <i>Circulation</i>, 117, 754-761 (2008).<br>2) Suez J. <i>et al</i>., <i>Nature</i>, 514, 181-186 (2014).<br>3) Soldavoni J. <i>et al</i>., <i>Dig. Dis. Sci</i>., 58, 2756-2766 (2013).<br>4) Schwiertz A. <i>et al</i>., <i>Obesity</i>, 18, 190-195 (2010).

著者

山田 佳太

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.4, pp.348-348, 2016 (Released:2016-04-01)

参考文献数

2

---

免疫グロブリンIgGとFc受容体(FcR;免疫グロブリンFc部位に対する受容体)の相互作用は,免疫応答を活性化あるいは抑制するシグナルを免疫担当細胞に伝える.IgG-FcRの相互作用の調節には,IgGのFc部におけるアスパラギン結合型糖鎖(N-結合型糖鎖)が関与している.したがって,同じ抗原を認識するIgGであっても,Fc部に存在するN-結合型糖鎖の構造により結合するFcRの分子種が変わるため,その後の免疫応答に与える影響が異なる.以上のことより,アレルギーや自己免疫疾患等の免疫異常や抗体医薬品等の作用機構を理解する上で,抗体Fc部のN-結合型糖鎖の構造が注目されている.今回,インフルエンザワクチンによって誘導される抗ヘマグルチン(HA)IgG抗体Fc部のN-結合型糖鎖が,ワクチンの効果発現に,重要な役割を担うことを明らかにしたWangらの論文を紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Pincetic A. et al., Nat. Immunol., 15, 707-716 (2014).2) Wang T. T. et al., Cell, 162, 160-169 (2015).

著者

菅 睦雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.10, pp.1113-1115, 1997-10-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

参考文献数

4

著者

鈴木 亮 丸山 一雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.7, pp.919-922, 2018-07-01 (Released:2018-07-01)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 5

---

Theranostics is a term used to describe the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic functions in a single agent. Ultrasound, for example, is a good tool for theranostics due to its multi-potency as both a diagnostic tool using sonography, and as a therapeutic, i.e., by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Likewise, microbubbles and nanobubbles are not only used as contrast imaging agents, but also as enhancers of drug delivery. Recently, the combination of these bubbles with low intensity ultrasound has been utilized as an effective drug delivery system. We have implemented a similar technique by combining bubbles and ultrasound to study cancer gene therapy and chemotherapy. In addition, we have used high intensity ultrasound as a method for directly damaging tumor cells, thus serving as a cancer therapy. For effective cancer treatment, however, the properties of the bubbles are of utmost importance. Currently, we are applying these bubbles to various therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment. In this session, we would like to introduce the feasibility study of our use of these bubbles in cancer treatment.

著者

清野 慧至 髙田 幸尚 雑賀 司珠也

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.1, pp.35-39, 2021-01-01 (Released:2021-01-01)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

3

---

Eyedrops often contain additives other than active pharmaceutical ingredients, such as preservatives. The most frequently used preservative is benzalkonium chloride (BAC). When the ocular surface is exposed to eyedrops, the active pharmaceutical ingredients and additives can cause corneal epithelial disorder. Particularly in clinical settings, there is great interest in corneal epithelial disorders resulting from the use of glaucoma eyedrops, which is inevitable when instilled for a long period of time after the onset of disease. At the authors' institute, glaucoma is treated with consideration of reducing corneal epithelial disorder while ensuring the effect of lowering intraocular pressure by the appropriate choice of eyedrops. In this review, we show the examples of the retrospective studies. Sodium hyaluronate eyedrops are prescribed for corneal epithelial disorders such as superficial punctate keratitis associated with dry eye. Prescribable concentrations of sodium hyaluronate in Japan are 0.1% or 0.3%, and the 0.3% formulation does not contain BAC. The authors' study showed that 0.3% sodium hyaluronate pretreatment reduced the cytotoxicity of BAC in cultured corneal epithelial cells, whereas an in vivo study in mice showed that a 0.3% sodium hyaluronate instillation was suggested and that the drug may enhance the cytotoxicity of separately administered BAC. It is suggested that sodium hyaluronate prolonged the retention of BAC on the ocular surface. However, there have been no reports of this problem in the clinical setting. It is important for ophthalmologists to understand the properties of additives other than the active pharmaceutical ingredients in eyedrops.

著者

髙橋 宏次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.6, pp.541-545, 2015 (Released:2018-08-26)

参考文献数

6

---

情報技術が発展を遂げ,インターネットを通じての商取引が活発になってきた昨今,商品やサービス(役務)の目印である商標の重要性がますます高くなってきている.商標法が改正され音などの新しい商標の保護が開始されると,商標の利用形態も多様化してくる.グローバルで事業展開する医薬品メーカーでは,世界統一ブランドによる医薬品の販売が望まれるが,各国または各地域での商標登録および医薬品名称の審査などのハードルを乗り越えなければならないところ,米国においては医薬品名称の審査のガイドラインが整備されている状況であり,欧州においてもガイドラインの改正が行われ,これらの活動が活発に行われている.また,一般薬のインターネット販売が解禁になり偽造医薬品対策も急務となっているところ,水際規制としての商標の利用もますます望まれる.ここでは,医薬品販売名における商標,新製品名開発における商標,および,偽造医薬品対策における商標について紹介する.

著者

田中 理恵 河村 麻衣子 袴塚 高志 花尻(木倉) 瑠理

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.11, pp.1405-1413, 2020-11-01 (Released:2020-11-01)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

8

---

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a hallucinogen, synthesized from ergot alkaloid, and controlled as a narcotic in Japan. Recently, LSD derivatives have appeared as designer drugs, all over the world. In previous study, we reported identification and analysis of four LSD derivatives in four paper sheet products. In this study, we detected three additional LSD derivatives from three paper sheet products, which were obtained from September 2019 to March 2020 in Japan. We extracted the compounds from paper sheet products with methanol for LC-MS, high-resolution MS and GC-MS analyses. The compounds were identified as 4-cyclopropionyl-N,N-diethyl-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide (1cP-LSD), N-methyl-N-isopropyl-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo-[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide (MIPLA), 4-butyryl-N,N-diethyl-7-methyl-4,6,6a,7,8,9-hexahydroindolo[4,3-fg]quinoline-9-carboxamide (1B-LSD), by GC-MS, LC-MS, LC-Q-TOF-MS and NMR analyses. As well as other N1-acylated LSD derivatives, 1cP-LSD and 1B-LSD were easily deacylated to LSD during GC-MS analysis, we have to be careful to analyze these compounds.

著者

田原 良純

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1909, no.328, pp.587-625, 1909-06-26 (Released:2018-08-31)

被引用文献数

1

---

著者ハ著者カ嘗テ河豚ノ卵中ニ發見シタル毒素即チ河豚酸摘出ノ方法ニ就キ之レニ改良ヲ加へ以テ從前ヨリハ多量且正確ニ毒素ヲ得ルニ至ラシメタリ、特ニ改良ノ要點ハ河豚卵ノ水侵液ヨリ蛋白質、燐酸等ヲ除去シタル後毒素ヲ鉛化合物トシテ完全ニ沈降セシムルニアリ、毒素ハ白色無晶形引濕性ノ物質ニシテ家兎ニ對スル致死量ハ體量一キログラム」ニ付キ四ミリグラム」以下ナリ元素分析ヲ行ヒシニ所含ノ元素相互間ノ比例ハ略々C_<13>H_<27>NO_<12>ナル式ニ一致セリ、著者ハ尚氷醋酸ニ由リ起ル毒素ノ變化竝ニ稀鹽酸ノ作用ニ由リ生シタル分解成績物ニ就キ説述シタリ

著者

武田(森下) 真莉子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.11, pp.1038-1042, 2016 (Released:2016-11-01)

参考文献数

20

---

近年,医療ニーズは従来の生活習慣病などから,難病やがんなどのアンメットメディカルニーズの高い領域に拡大しており,それに伴って創薬ターゲットが大きく変わりつつある.アルツハイマー型認知症やパーキンソン病などの難治性中枢神経系疾患も競争率の激しい創薬ターゲットの中の1つであり,世界的規模で治療薬の開発が精力的に進められている.その中でも脳内で作用する内因性ペプチド,病態の進展を抑制するワクチン,原因物質あるいは病変部位を標的とする抗体医薬等のバイオ医薬の治療薬としての開発に注目が集まっている.しかしながら,ヒト臨床試験における成功率は著しく低く,例えばアルツハイマー病を対象とした臨床試験は,直近5年間の間に5つ以上の臨床試験が第Ⅲ相で中止となった.開発成功率が低い原因としては,適切な精神疾患動物モデルがないために,中枢疾患の病理や病態が十分に解明されていない等の本質的なことが考えられるが,薬物の脳移行性の絶対的な低さも起因していると考えられる.脳には血液脳関門(blood-brain barrier:BBB)と血液脳脊髄液関門があることにより,循環血液と脳内の物質の輸送が厳密に制御されており,一般的な投与ルートである静脈内投与からBBBを透過できるバイオ医薬の物質量は極めて限られている.したがって,これを克服する革新的DDS技術の開発が急務とされている.水溶性低分子薬の脳移行性を高める方法としては,脂溶性を高めるプロドラッグ化,tight junction modulatorやP糖タンパク質等の排出トランスポーター阻害剤との併用投与,また受容体介在性トランスサイトーシスなどを利用した創薬が行われてきたが,バイオ医薬脳内移行性の改善にこれらの方法を適用することは難しい.一方,鼻腔内には,投与された物質が血液を経由せずに脳脊髄液(cerebrospinal fluid:CSF)あるいは脳に直接移行するルートがあることが古くから知られていた.そして近年,その実際の経路である鼻腔内の嗅上皮から嗅球にいたる嗅覚経路を脳への薬物輸送経路として積極的に利用する基礎および臨床研究が進展しつつある.現在,我々も生体膜透過性modulatorである細胞膜透過ペプチド(cell-penetrating peptides:CPPs)※を用いて,鼻腔経路からのバイオ医薬の効率的脳内移行を図る脳内デリバリー法の構築を目指して研究を進めている.本稿では,このNose-to-Brain Deliveryにおける最近の研究動向について,我々の知見を含めて紹介する.

著者

大野 雅恵

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, no.3, pp.343-355, 2008-03-01 (Released:2008-03-01)

参考文献数

62

被引用文献数

4 4

---

Nuclear receptors function as ligand-inducible transcription factors that regulate various physiological functions such as development, reproduction, and metabolism. Dysregulation of the metabolism of cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose leads to the metabolic syndrome including type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis. Studies of nuclear receptors promise to provide discoveries of therapeutic agents against the metabolic syndrome. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and is activated by bile acids. FXR regulates the metabolism of not only bile acid but also cholesterol, lipoprotein, triglyceride, and glucose, and is considered a potential therapeutic target for the metabolic syndrome because of these functions. Nuclear receptors have two regions for transactivation, a constitutive activation function (AF-1) and a ligand-dependent activation function (AF-2). AF-1 and AF-2 seem to require interactions with coactivators for the activation function and both work synergistically to give full transactivation of nuclear receptors. However, coactivators for AF-1 activity are poorly understood, whereas coactivators required for AF-2 activity have been well studied. To understand the molecular mechanism of AF-1 in FXR, we isolated proteins associated with AF-1 by GST pull-down assay using the N-terminal region of FXR and nuclear extracts from HeLa cells. This review focuses on the roles of FXR and our new findings regarding FXR-associated factors.

著者

望月 眞弓 初谷 真咲 六條 恵美子 有田 悦子 橋口 正行 清水 直容 竹内 正弘 山本 信夫 秋葉 保次

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.124, no.12, pp.989-995, 2004 (Released:2004-12-01)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

7 18

---

We conducted a randomized, controlled study to evaluate whether pharmacists' advice on smoking cessation would result in a higher smoking cessation rate using Nicorette (nicotine gum preparation). Fourteen pharmacies in Tokyo, Kanagawa, and Nagano participated. Smokers who visited pharmacies to buy Nicorette from March 1, 2002, through August 31, 2002, were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups. For the intervention group (A), pharmacists provided both regular instructions on Nicorette use and smoking cessation advice at the first sale and then gave follow-up advice just before starting a cessation and 1, 3, and 8 weeks and 3 months thereafter. For the control group (B), pharmacists provided regular instructions alone. The primary outcome measure was the self-reported smoking cessation rate and the secondary outcome measure was the relationship between the smoker's egogram and effectiveness of intervention. Twenty-eight smokers were enrolled and randomized into group A (n=11) or group B (n=17). The absolute abstinence rate in groups A and B at 3 months was 45.5% and 31.2%, respectively. The odds ratio was 1.83, which was not statistically significant. There was no difference in egogram score between absolute abstinence subjects and nonabstinence subjects in group A. The egogram scores in Adapted Child of absolute abstinence subjects in group B were significantly higher than in nonabstinence subjects. In conclusion, instructions and advice given by pharmacists may improve the smoking cessation rate in smokers receiving nicotine replacement therapy.

著者

馬来 秀行 朴 恵林 三木 晶子 佐藤 宏樹 小西 ゆかり 澤田 康文

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.10, pp.1285-1294, 2020-10-01 (Released:2020-10-01)

参考文献数

3

被引用文献数

3

---

Care workers at care facilities play an important role in providing medication-administration assistance, and in medication risk management. Nevertheless, research has not made clear the specific concerns that care workers have at work sites, as well as the extent of their burdens. Thus, we conducted a questionnaire survey from October 1 through October 31, 2014 for staff who provide medication-administration assistance at for-pay elderly person homes about the concrete concerns and burdens with regards to the assistance. A total of 1677 respondents were analyzed: 228 nurses and 1449 care workers. Results showed that the care workers had a variety of problems and issues. These included the fact that, since care workers are not medical profession, they were unable to answer questions that the facility residents asked about their medications; they had concerns regarding their own lack of awareness of the efficacies of medications, and as to whether certain drugs were inappropriate for certain patients with swallowing dysfunctions; they wondered whether drugs in tablet forms had to be crushed before administration. They also encountered pharmacological-related issues, including whether administration times and numbers failed to match the lifestyle patterns of facility residents, and so forth. It is presumed that, with active intervention of pharmacists within facilities, these issues could be resolved. Study results, thus, suggested the need for system creation whereby pharmacists can become deeply involved in medication-administration assistance along with the care workers within facilities.

著者

瀬筒 秀樹 笠嶋(炭谷) めぐみ 近藤 まり 小林 功 高須 陽子 鈴木 誉保 米村 真之 飯塚 哲也 内野 恵郎 田村 俊樹 坪田 拓也 立松 謙一郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.7, pp.863-874, 2018-07-01 (Released:2018-07-01)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

6

---

We have been constructing a platform for the development of pharmaceutical and medical applications using the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori, as a new animal model for drug development and evaluation. Because silkworm larvae originally have the capacity to synthesize up to 0.5 g of silk proteins, genetically modified silkworms (transgenic silkworms) are expected to have high potential in the production of recombinant silks/proteins. An innovative method for generating transgenic silkworms was established in 2000, and ever since this epoch-defining technological development, longstanding efforts have succeeded in developing novel silks that enable the manufacture of new textile materials for regenerative medical uses. Furthermore, we have succeeded in developing a new system of recombinant protein production. This recombinant protein production system is currently capable of producing a maximum of approximately 15 mg recombinant protein per silkworm larva. Transgenic silkworms have also been shown to produce a wide variety of useful proteins, including antibodies and membrane proteins. Some of these recombinant proteins have been in commercial use since 2011. In addition, we have been developing transgenic silkworms as a novel animal model for testing medicines based on metabolic similarities between silkworms and mammals. These applications show the suitability and potential of transgenic silkworms for medical use. Here, we will describe the challenges faced in creating a transgenic silkworm-based platform for pharmaceutical and medical applications.

著者

川本 庸太 田山 剛崇 佐和 章弘 門出 孝美 佐島 進 吉岡 真理 三宅 勝志 森田 修之 木平 健治

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, no.8, pp.1221-1226, 2008-08-01 (Released:2008-08-01)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

2 3

---

Impetigo contagiosa staphylogenes is commonly treated by administering a combination of nadifloxacin and tetracycline ointments. However, it is not clear whether nadifloxacin and tetracycline are stable after mixing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of these agents in combination. We also evaluated changes in antibacterial activity after mixing. Mixing the two ointments caused tetracycline to change from yellow to brown in the admixture. Furthermore, the tetracycline content in the ointment decreased in a time-dependent manner, to about 40% at 288 h after mixing. In addition, the nadifloxacin content in the ointment did not change 288 h after mixing. In an alkaline environment (pH 9.0 and 11.0), the tetracycline content decreased and the color of tetracycline changed to brown. These results suggest that sodium hydroxide, which is an additive in nadifloxacin ointment, influences the content of tetracycline. We evaluated the chemical sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus using disk tests. Nadifloxacin and tetracycline ointment showed the largest radius of inhibition circle, followed by the admixture 0 h after mixing and the admixture 72 h after mixing. These results suggest that the antibacterial activity is inhibited by the admixture. We propose that pharmacists should avoid mixing nadifloxacin with tetracycline ointment in the treatment of impetigo contagiosa staphylogenes and should take care to avoid interactions caused by additives in the ointments.