著者

坂上 吉一 住谷 保治 米虫 節夫

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.11, pp.1445-1451, 2010-11-01 (Released:2010-11-01)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 3

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Carotenoids are liposoluble pigments widely distributed in nature. More than 750 carotenoids are isolated from natural sources, but only a few kinds are used industrially. The production of carotenoid by microorganisms is to be expected, but few carotenoids originate from living things on land. And there is little knowledge about carotenoid-producing microorganisms in the oceans. The possibility still exists of discovering new carotenoid-producing microorganisms. Sunlight is very strong in subtropical regions. The surface of the sea and coral reefs in these regions is a severe environment for growth of microorganisms. While such conditions produce reactive oxygen species, the continuing strong irradiation can also lead to damaging and lethal photo-oxidative reactions. Many undiscovered microorganisms may possess protective mechanisms such as anti-oxidative activities for survival in this environment. This study focused on marine microorganisms inhabiting coral reefs in the Okinawa area, especially carotenoid-producing bacteria possessing anti-oxidative activities. Many carotenoid-producing microorganisms were collected from subtropical ocean areas (a total of 334 strains of pigmented microorganisms), and the chemical composition, some culture conditions and genetic characteristics of the carotenoids from these microorganisms were examined. Furthermore, similar research was performed using some creatures from the ocean surrounding Kochi Prefecture.

著者

佃井 典子 持田 研秀

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.5, pp.320-323, 1972-10-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

3 2

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Sulfonated sites in quinoline Yellow WS, which is distributed under the name of "D & C Yellow No.203"have not been clarified as yet. Treatment of 2-(2'-quinolyl)-1, 3-indandione with fuming sulfuric acid, gave several sulfonated products and two of product dye were identified as 2-(2'-quinolyl)-1, 3-indandione-6'-sulfonic acid and 2-(2'-quinoly)-1, 3-indandione-5, 6'-disulfonic acid by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and mass spectra. Commercial samples of quinoline Yellow WS consist of the disodium 2-(2'-quinolyl)-1, 3-indandione-5, 6'-disulfonate and contain other sulfonated derivatives.

著者

星川 典子 小野 恭司 塩田 寛子 鈴木 俊也 猪又 明子 守安 貴子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.139, no.1, pp.135-140, 2019-01-01 (Released:2019-01-01)

参考文献数

14

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Nail tips are nail art materials that can be attached to the nail with adhesives. Recently, nail/finger injuries related to nail tips have been reported and one of the causes is considered to be the adhesives used for attaching nail tips. The components of nail adhesives are mostly cyanoacrylate, which is also used as an industrial instant adhesive. During curing, cyanoacrylate adhesives release formaldehyde through hydrolysis. When it is marketed as a nail adhesive, there is no regulation regarding its formaldehyde amount nor obligation to indicate its ingredients in Japan. Additionally, a biological safety test is not required for nail adhesives. Thus, because the safety of nail adhesives is inadequately confirmed, it is necessary to investigate their biological safety. Therefore, we purchased 5 commercially available nail adhesives and 1 medical adhesive and examined their formaldehyde content and cytotoxicity. We examined the cytotoxicity of the adhesives in V79 cells by a colony forming assay. In this test, 5 nail adhesives showed higher toxicity than 1 medical adhesive. Formaldehyde concentrations in the extract of adhesives were as follows: 17.5 to 24.2 μg/mL for nail adhesives and 7.4 μg/mL for medical adhesives. Cyanoacetate did not elicit cytotoxicity at the final concentration up to 1000 μM. However, formaldehyde showed cytotoxicity, with an IC50 of 79 μM (2.4 μg/mL). Taken together, the cytotoxicity of nail adhesives could be due to the formaldehyde generated by the hydrolysis of cyanoacrylate. It seems important that nail adhesives will be regulated by obligation and enhanced safety in the future.

著者

林 京子 林 利光 李 貞範

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.130, no.2, pp.171-176, 2010-02-01 (Released:2010-02-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1 1

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The limited efficacy and significant clinical toxicity of combination interferone and ribavirin therapy have generated strong interest in developing novel inhibitors of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. Recently, a growing understanding of the structure and function of critical viral enzymes and the development of HCV replicons have accelerated the development of highly specific candidate antiviral agents. In the life cycle of HCV, enveloped virions bind and penetrate into host cell using viral envelope glycoproteins. In the cytoplasm, the viral RNA genome serves as mRNA, and produces viral protein as a long polyprotein that is cleaved by both host and viral proteases. Progeny virions assemble by budding into ER/Golgi apparatus, where the glycoproteins maturate, and are released at the cell surface. All stages of replication cycle from the attachment of virus to the release of progeny should be antiviral targets. We have searched for antiviral candidates from natural resources for about 20 years. So far, we have found several classes of compounds with unique antiviral action. Among them, anionic substances interfere with virus attachment and/or entry, several substances inhibit the maturation of virus-specific glycoproteins, low molecules can inhibit the virus release from infected cells, glycerol derivatives reduce the pathogenicity of virus, and some compounds exert virucidal action that impairs the ability of virus to infect host cells. These substances might be worthy to be evaluated as novel anti-HCV agents by using HCV replication systems in cultured cell lines.

著者

川戸 勇士

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.10, pp.967, 2016 (Released:2016-10-01)

参考文献数

2

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近年,酵素の活性部位特異的修飾によって新たな分子認識能,反応性および選択性を付与した人工酵素の創出により,実現困難な分子変換を達成する研究が盛んに展開されている.中でも,生化学反応で利用されない白金族元素(Ru,Rh,Pd,Os,Ir,Pt)を補因子とする人工酵素が注目されている.今回,WardらはPd錯体を結合させたビオチン誘導体をホストタンパク質のストレプトアビジン(Sav)に組み込むことにより,人工酵素“Suzukiase”を創出することに成功したので,本稿にて紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) Hyster T. K. et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 55, 7344-7357 (2016).2) Chatterjee A. et al., Chem. Sci., 7, 673-677 (2016).

著者

髙橋 良哉 大寺 恵子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.3, pp.379-382, 2020-03-01 (Released:2020-03-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

3

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Age-related decreases of various physiological functions have significant influence on activities of daily living (ADL) and QOL in elderly populations. Mechanisms of aging are currently the focus of many researchers in a wide range of studies. Researchers are trying to find novel ways to attenuate or delay aging in humans as well as to develop interventions for age-associated diseases. In this review, we briefly discuss the need for a multidisciplinary approach in aging research.

著者

大寺 恵子 竹平 理恵子 川田 桂子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.140, no.3, pp.405-406, 2020-03-01 (Released:2020-03-01)

著者

黒川 洵子

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.8, pp.796-800, 2017 (Released:2017-08-01)

参考文献数

8

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本稿では、性差医学の観点から男女の違いに応じた薬物療法に関わるトピックを概説する。細胞レベルでも性差があることも分かってきたので、その病態生理学的役割の解明へ向けた取り組みも紹介する。

著者

大下 敏隆 安藤 皓章

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

衛生化学 (ISSN:0013273X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.6, pp.571-580, 1992-12-31 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

3 3

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In Japan, several phenethylamine derivatives such as mescaline and 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, which are hallucinogens were appointed to narcotics in 1989 and 1990. Reference standards of phenethylamine derivatives are required for their forensic chemical analyses. Present study was intended to synthesize phenethylamine derivatives from benzaldehyde derivatives by a novel route improving the yield. Five narcotic phenethylamine derivatives, mescaline hydrochloride, p-methoxyamphetamine hydrochloride (PMA), 3, 4-methylenedioxyamphetamine hydrochloride (MDA), 2, 5-dimethoxyamphetamine hydrochloride (DMA), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxyamphetamine hydrochloride (TMA) and their β-hydroxy derivatives that can be their raw materials were obtained. The methods were as follows 1) Nitroalcohols were obtained by a condensation of nitroalkane and benzaldehydes using sodium methoxide as a catalyst. 2) The nitroalcohols were acetylated with acetic anhydride. 3) The acetyl derivatives were converted into nitro-olefins by elimination of acetic acid. 4) Phenethylamine derivatives were synthesized from nitro-olefins by catalytic reduction using palladium on carbon in an autoclave. 5) In the same way, β-hydroxyphenethylamine derivatives were synthesized from nitroalcohols.

著者

山岡 庸介

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.64, 2013-01-01 (Released:2016-09-26)

著者

杉野 幸夫 大村 智

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.12, pp.1054-1058, 2000-12-01 (Released:2018-08-26)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

著者

岡 靖哲

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.11, pp.1021-1025, 2010-11-01 (Released:2018-08-23)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

著者

橘高 敦史

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.128, no.9, pp.1235-1250, 2008 (Released:2008-09-01)

参考文献数

76

被引用文献数

7 7

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1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1) regulates a variety of biological actions through vitamin D receptor (VDR), including calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, bone remodeling, cellular proliferation and differentiation and many other functions. To enhance its potency and to study the structure/function relationship, we synthesized a series of analogs of 1 with a modification at the C-2α position. Introducing 2α-methyl, 2α-(3-hydroxypropyl), or 2α-(3-hydroxypropoxy) group increased its binding affinity for the VDR 2- to 4-fold compared to 1. The crystal structures of the VDR bound to these analogs provide a molecular explanation for the interaction between the 2α-substituents and water molecules exist in the VDR-ligand binding domain. Based on the accumulated knowledge in VDR agonists, we synthesized 2-substituted analogs of ‘double side chain’ (gemini), 19-norvitamin D3 (MART-10), TEI-9647 (VDR antagonist), 1-alkylated vitamin D3, 14-epi-previtamin D3 etc. Gemini analogs showed potent HL-60 cell differentiation activity (13-38 times compared to 1), and MART-10 exhibited remarkable antiproliferative activity on PZ-HPV-7 cells even at 10-10 M. (24S)-2α-(3-Hydroxypropoxy)-24-propyl-TEI-9647 showed potent VDR antagonism, and its IC50 value was 7.4 pM against 10 nM of 1. 1α-Methyl-2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 improved the binding affinity for the mutant VDR(Arg274Leu), which causes hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets. 1α,25-Dihydroxy-2α-methyl-14-epi-previtamin D3 showed moderate osteocalcin transcriptional activity on HOS cells. We theorize that modification at A-ring alone and in combination with functionalization of the other parts of the vitamin D molecule would provide important new information on the mechanism of vitamin D actions that could lead to the development of new therapeutic regimes for the treatment of various diseases.

著者

山口 裕

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.16-20, 1972-01-15 (Released:2018-08-26)

著者

杉山 梓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.12, pp.1215, 2017 (Released:2017-12-01)

参考文献数

5

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不安・睡眠障害や概日リズム異常は,双極性障害(BD)や統合失調症(SZ)において共通して認められる.両疾患において,不安の増悪は症状の重症化や治療薬効果の減弱をもたらす.扁桃体は恐怖やストレス応答,不安の表出において中心的な役割を担っている脳部位であり,扁桃体におけるソマトスタチン(SST)やニューロペプチドY(NPY)の発現は不安の減弱につながる.マウス扁桃体へSSTを注入すると抗不安様作用や抗うつ様作用を示し,またSST欠乏マウスでは不安様行動の増加を示す.扁桃体におけるNPYの減少が拘束ストレス後に認められるなど,SSTとNPYが扁桃体の働きに主要な役割を示す可能性が示唆されている.本稿では,BDとSZ患者の症状増悪とSSTおよびNPYの扁桃体における発現の概日リズム変動に関するPantazopoulosらの論文を紹介する.なお,本稿は下記の文献に基づいて,その研究成果を紹介するものである.1) McDonald A. J. et al., Neuroscience, 66, 959–982(1995).2) Pantazopoulos H. et al., Biol Psychiatry, 81(6),536-547(2017).3) Johansson A. S. et al., Schizophr Res., 74(1-3),17-23(2016).4) Seifuddin F. et al., BMC Psychiatry, 13, 213(2013).5) Berretta S. et al., Biol. Psychiatry. 62, 884-893(2007).

著者

小林 英一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

藥學雜誌 (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1922, no.488, pp.958-964, 1922-10-26 (Released:2008-04-11)

著者

金城 隆展

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, pp.114-118, 2020

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物語る医療・物語る医療従事者はそうでない医療・医療従事者よりもより有能である。なぜなら物語る医療従事者は、患者のユニークで多様性に富んだ物語を一方的に語り譲ることなく、患者と医療者の丁度中間(中庸)で共に一つの物語を紡ぐことで、患者の医療的最善を探求すると同時に患者の思いや価値観を尊重することを両立させることが可能になり、最大限の倫理である「患者の幸福」を達成する可能性がより高くなるからである

著者

石黒 淳三 多田 俊人 荻原 琢男 井田 圭一 大澤 伸雄 小雀 浩司 相澤 登

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.3, pp.239-245, 1988-03-25 (Released:2008-05-30)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

1 2

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The effects of ethyl eicosapentaenoate (EPA-E) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the rat hepatic drug and fatty acid metabolizing enzyme systems were studied after single or repeated oral administration for 14 d. The ratio of liver to body weight and protein concentration in each fraction of microsomes, mitochondria and peroxisomes were not affected after single or repeated administration of EPA-E or DHA. Neither induction nor inhibition of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes was not observed in EPA-E group. A single administration of DHA decreased aniline p-hydroxylase activity. This decrease in activity, however, was neither enhanced nor reduced after repeated administration of DHA. Other hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes were not affected by DHA. No effects on fatty acid oxidizing enzyme systems of mitochondria and peroxisomes were observed after administration of EPA-E or DHA. No effects on fatty acid elongation and desaturation on microsomes were observed after administration of EPA-E or DHA.

著者

西 真弓

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

ファルマシア (ISSN:00148601)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.11, pp.1068-1069, 2016 (Released:2016-11-01)

参考文献数

4

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私は薬学部卒業後,大学院には進まず,薬学部時代に不完全燃焼であった経験への反省と,もう一度学問にチャレンジしてみたいという思いから,医学部に再入学した.したがって,原稿の依頼を受けた時,「薬学を糧に輝く!薬学出身者の仕事」のコラムの執筆者としてはふさわしくないと思ったのであるが,多様な生き方があることを紹介したい,また内容は余り堅苦しくないものにしたい,との趣旨を聞き,お引き受けすることにした.薬学部出身の私が医師へ転身し,さらに医学部で研究をすることになった経緯についてご紹介させていただく.

著者

田中 信忠 梅田 知伸 日下部 吉男 中西 雅之 北出 幸夫 中村 和郎

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.133, no.5, pp.527-537, 2013 (Released:2013-05-01)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

4 4

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The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the death of more than a million people each year. The emergence of strains of this malaria parasite resistant to conventional drug therapy has stimulated the search for antimalarial compounds with novel modes of action. Here the structure-function relationship studies for two Plasmodium proteins are presented. One example is the structural studies for S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase from Plasmodium falciparum (PfSAHH) and the other example is those for 1-deoxy-D-xylulose reductoisomerase from Plasmodium falciparum (PfDXR). In the former study, the clue for design of species specific PfSAHH inhibitors was obtained by the structural comparison of the active site of PfSAHH with that of human SAHH (HsSAHH). Our study revealed that the inhibitor selectivity depends on the difference of only one amino acid residue in the active site; Cys59 in PfSAHH vs. Thr60 in HsSAHH. In the latter study, the inhibition of PfDXR enzyme by fosmidomycin has proved to be efficient in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in recent clinical trials conducted in Gabon and Thailand. Our crystal structure analyses of PfDXR/inhibitor complexes revealed the molecular basis of fosmidomycin's action in P. falciparum. We expect that the structure-function relationship studies on Plasmodium proteins are useful for developing the more effective antimalarial compounds.