著者

来間 千晶 小川 茜 関矢 寛史

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2019-1814, (Released:2019-04-27)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of our study was (1) to clarify the elements and mechanisms of loss of spirit (LOS), and the ways to prevent LOS during competition, and (2) to identify the factors that prevent LOS. We interviewed 18 athletes and analyzed their interview transcripts by creating tags and categories. We divided the text of each transcript into text segments (tags) containing information about LOS or ways to prevent LOS. We then gathered tags with similar meanings and labeled the cluster of tags (categories) to briefly indicate the topic (Côté et al., 1993). Results revealed that the phenomenon of LOS had the following three phases: (1) cause of LOS (e.g., game situations, negative emotions), (2) condition of LOS (e.g., poor concentration, losing the will to fight, negative game situations), and (3) response after the game (e.g., undesirable result). The phenomenon of preventing LOS had the following five phases: (1) cause of nearly experiencing LOS (e.g., game situations, negative emotions), (2) condition of nearly experiencing LOS (e.g., decrease of concentration, losing the will to fight), (3) opportunity to prevent LOS (e.g., positive words and actions of others, heightening the fight), (4) condition after preventing LOS (e.g., improvement of performance, emergence of positive emotions), and (5) response after the game (e.g., evaluation of the game). Furthermore, a comparison of these phenomena revealed that LOS may be prevented by high levels of motivation before the game, positive words and actions of others, keeping the fight, reframing one’s thoughts, improving the game situations, and preserving stamina.

著者

酒井 佑 雨宮 怜

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.104-121, 2023-09-30 (Released:2023-11-11)

参考文献数

94

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Athletes who train and compete despite health problems are frequently found in competitive sports. In recent years, this phenomenon has been associated with presenteeism that has been studied mainly in occupational health. The research subject is a laborer. Recently, Meyer and Thiel (2018, pp.51-52) applied the concept of presenteeism to athletes as “sickness presenteeism,” which is defined as in the sports context “as training or competing despite having a health problem.” Sickness presenteeism possibly leads to mental illness, burnout, and exacerbation of illnesses and injuries of athletes. Although there are many studies on presenteeism in occupational health, very little exist in sports science. Therefore, this study reviews the literature to investigate presenteeism and its research potential with athletes by examining eight published studies; five by Mayer and his research group. This review focuses on the model of presenteeism created by Mayer and introduces the measurement methods, factors, and influences of presenteeism. The influences of presenteeism can be both negative and positive; therefore, athletes are conflicted about competing while having health problems. Finally, we described the possibilities and prospects for presenteeism research with athletes in Japan.

著者

栗林 千聡 武部 匡也 佐藤 寛

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.51-61, 2023-09-30 (Released:2023-11-11)

参考文献数

15

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The purpose of this study was to develop and examine the preliminary effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy program to address competitive anxiety among junior athletes. This cognitive behavioral therapy program for competitive anxiety in junior athletes was developed based on a cognitive behavioral therapy program for anxiety disorder in children and adolescents (Ishikawa, 2013). The goal of the program was not to eliminate competition anxiety itself, but to make athletesʼ interpretation of competition anxiety and cognition more flexible. A group of seven junior players (four males and three females) from a private tennis club were treated by a clinical psychologist once a week for a total of four sessions. This program was shown to increase their psychological performance selfefficacy post-intervention and at follow-up compared to pre-intervention. Interpretation of competitive anxiety and competitive positive self-statements showed a post-intervention increase compared to preintervention. Finally, the future effective practice of the program is discussed.

著者

雨宮 怜 坂入 洋右

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.81-92, 2015-09-30 (Released:2015-12-08)

参考文献数

71

被引用文献数

12 5

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This study investigates the relationship among athletesʼ mindfulness, alexithymia, and burnout.The participants were 353 athletes (male=223, female=130, mean age=20.54, SD=5.74); they completed a questionnaire comprising the Athletes Mindfulness Questionnaire (AMQ), Sport Alexithymia Scale (SAS), and Burnout Scale for University Athletes (BOSA). The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated, and structural equation modeling was conducted to examine the relationship among AMQ, SAS, and BOSA.The calculated Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients showed that the total AMQ score was significantly negatively correlated with SAS and BOSA. Furthermore, the total SAS score was significantly positively correlated with BOSA. The results of the structural equation modeling revealed good fit indices and explained 41% of the variance in SAS and 30% of the variance in BOSA. In the model, AMQ was directly associated with SAS and BOSA. AMQ was also indirectly associated with BOSA through SAS.The results of this study confirmed that athletesʼ mindfulness directly and indirectly affected athletesʼ burnout by decreasing alexithymia. These results suggest that providing mindfulness training to athletes may be an effective intervention for alleviating their mental health problems.

著者

並木 伸賢 堀野 博幸

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-2111, (Released:2022-06-30)

参考文献数

77

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In this review, we examined the literature on psychological aspects among professional soccer players and discussed the research trends in this field. National and international databases were searched using terms such as “psychological and (soccer OR football) and professional” and 56 studies were selected. A total of 15 psychological aspects were extracted from the selected studies. In addition, an overview of the studies revealed that (1) most of the studies were conducted in Europe and targeted approximately one soccer team, (2) most of the studies were survey or observational studies and only a few were intervention studies, and (3) most of the research topics were related to players’ mental health, with many studies dealing with aspects such as stress and coping strategies. From study designs, it can be said that the research targeting professional soccer players is still in the stage of identifying the psychological aspects among the players and organizing these in terms of significance. In the future, it will be necessary to determine the significant psychological aspects through research and suggest and evaluate interventions for professional soccer players.

著者

松竹 貴大 實宝 希祥 門岡 晋 菅生 貴之 浅井 武

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.1, pp.1-13, 2016-03-31 (Released:2016-04-02)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

6

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Primary scientific data for evaluating information processing ability of the central nervous system that are associated with decision making was investigated in football players, by using event-related potentials (ERP; N200, P300) and reaction times. Participants were college football players who were winners of the all Japan university championship (n=8; Elites) and 8 graduate students with no football experience (n=8; Novices). They used an oddball paradigm consisting of a simple visual stimulus (Choice Reaction Task 1: CRT1) and an oddball paradigm consisting of a complex visual stimulus (Choice Reaction Task 2: CRT2). Results indicated that Elites had a significantly shorter reaction time than Novices in the CRT2. This finding corroborated many previous studies, and indicated that reaction times of Elites were faster than Novices. In addition, ERP (N200 and P300) was observed in all participants and there were no significant differences between the two groups in N200, or P300 latencies in the CRT1. However, Elites showed latencies that were significantly shorter than Novices in the CRT2. These results indicated that the process of evaluating and classifying stimuli was faster in Elites, suggesting that information processing ability of Elites was superior to Novices. In conclusion, this study identified basic scientific data on reaction times and ERP associated with evaluating information that are indicative of central nervous system processing ability associated with decision making by football players.

著者

並木 伸賢 堀野 博幸

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023-2209, (Released:2023-06-13)

参考文献数

46

---

This literature review aimed to investigate the literature on career support for university student-athletes to facilitate their career transitions and explore specific support components. National and international databases were searched using terms such as “student athlete,” “career,” and “intervention” and a final total of seven studies were selected. Robust data are not provided because of variations in theoretical background, study design, and outcomes. The content and effectiveness of support for student-athletes were described for each intervention period and support was categorized into six components: (1) Clarifying values and interests, (2) Identifying skills, strengths, and transferable skills acquired throughout their athletic career, (3) Providing or collecting information on work and occupations, (4) Expanding values and interests, and directing their attention to new areas, (5) Based on (1) to (4), considering links with the labor market and developing a career plan, and (6) Providing general support on career transitions. Stakeholders providing career support to university student-athletes should consider the six components presented in this review. In the future, data should be gathered to provide evidence-based practice, as well as examining the relationships between components and identifying which components provide more effective support.

著者

竹内 竜也 幾留 沙智 森 司朗 石倉 忠夫 中本 浩揮

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-1809, (Released:2019-02-06)

参考文献数

59

---

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the influence of individual differences in the automatic imitation tendency on efficiency in observational motor learning. First, twenty participants each having higher or lower automatic imitation tendency were chosen from 210 according to their reaction times in the imitation-inhibition task indicating automatic imitation tendency. Each group performed the observational motor learning that alternately repeated action observation and execution. The participants in each group were further divided into two groups: appropriate model group that observed a model performing the task correctly and inappropriate model group that observed a model performing the task incorrectly. Results revealed that when participants observed the appropriate model, people with higher imitation tendency demonstrated better task performance in the acquisition phase and retention test than did those with a lower imitation tendency. On the other hand, when the participants observed the inappropriate model, the higher imitation tendency group exhibited lower performance in the acquisition phase and the retention test than did the lower imitation tendency group. Additionally, the higher tendency group was more influenced by difference between the appropriate and inappropriate model than was the lower tendency group in learning efficiency. These findings indicate that individual differences in the automatic imitation tendency affect the learning efficiency and retention in observational motor learning. Further, automatic imitation is likely to have a strong influence on observational motor learning regardless of the learnersʼ intention.

著者

高山 智史 高橋 史

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2017-1606, (Released:2017-07-14)

参考文献数

87

被引用文献数

3 2

---

There has been an increasing interest in the psychological aspects of sports performance and treatment strategies known as sport mental training (SMT). The effects of SMT and its underlying processes have been examined on the basis of cognitive behavioral theories mainly in Western countries. However, only a few studies of SMT based on cognitive behavioral theories have been conducted in Japan. In this paper, we outline the features of the cognitive behavioral theories and organize the relationships between transition of these theories and SMT techniques. Finally, we discuss the future directions of SMT research in Japan.

著者

冨永 哲志 豊田 則成 福井 邦宗

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2015-1415, (Released:2015-11-28)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

2 1

---

The objective of this study was to qualitatively examine and conceptualize a model of the development of ability in the performance process. This qualitative research study was based on the research question, “How do performers narrate the process when they develop the ability to do something?” Data were collected observations and introspective reports from 8 performers who had learned to juggling for the first time and were analyzed using the Trajectory Equifinality Model.Results showed that performers slowly developed a sensuous understanding about the exercise task because they sought to perform better. Moreover, performers developed the ability to complete the task because of their improved sensuous understanding. That is to say, performers’ narration of the process of ability development reflects a qualitative shift resulting from an understanding of oneself through repeated “self-regulation”and “over-adjustment” .The following three points are also discussed: 1) The knack of ability development in performance, 2) They were confronted with their personality implied at qualitative shift, 3) The meaning of “stagnant performance” during task achievement.

著者

豐田 隼 山田 智之 加戸 隆司 飯塚 駿 百瀨 光一 遠藤 俊郎

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-2204, (Released:2023-02-05)

参考文献数

50

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Affirmative opinions on tolerating corporal punishment are deep-rooted in athletic activities. This study investigated conditions of corporal punishment and inappropriate coaching in high school athletic club activities by examining factors explaining attitudes tolerating corporal punishment from the perspective of proactive or reactive aggression. We surveyed university students (n=180) and assessed their rate of experiencing some form of corporal punishment or inappropriate coaching. Next, we examined factors explaining attitudes toward tolerating corporal punishment through hierarchical multiple regression analysis using the Bootstrap method. The results indicated that the experience of corporal punishment had a positive effect on the degree of tolerating corporal punishment. Moreover, positive assessment of aggression, revengeful intentions, and anger continuity positively explained the degree of tolerating corporal punishment. These findings clarify specific psychological variables explaining pro corporal punishment attitudes and would contribute to the future elucidation of their detailed psychological mechanisms.

著者

坂部 崇政 高井 秀明 大久保 瞳

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-2007, (Released:2022-06-07)

参考文献数

42

---

This study aimed to measure karate playersʼ contingent negative variation (CNV) and P3 and to evaluate their information processing when predicting a temporally shielded punch. Based on their experience of karate competition, participants were divided into two groups: an expert group of 11 people belonging to the A university karate club and a novice group of 13 people without karate competition experience. This study employed a choice reaction task and used the karate videos as stimuli. Participants were told to press a button with their right hand if the video showed an upper punch and with their left hand if it showed a middle punch. The measurement indices were the visual analogue scale (VAS) score for task difficulty, correct answer rate, reaction time, CNV, and P3. The results showed that the reaction time of the expert group was significantly shorter than that of the novice group. Similarly, the P3 latency of the expert group was significantly shorter than that of the novice group, indicating that the expert group was quicker to evaluate the stimulus during the prediction of the punch. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in CNV amplitude and P3 amplitude between the expert and novice groups, indicating that the same level of cognitive processing took place between the expert and novice groups during the video presentation. This suggests that the expert group is able to perform better at a certain level of brain activity. Therefore, it is clear that the expert group in this study is able to respond quickly by appropriately adjusting their brain activity in the cognitive and motor preparation stages during the prediction of the punch.

著者

相川 聖 高井 秀明

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022-2017, (Released:2022-08-26)

参考文献数

34

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Previous studies have indicated that imagery is important for the performance of gymnastics. The purpose of this study was to examine the practical effects of imagery training on artistic gymnasts. The subjects chosen for this research were male gymnasts (n=26) belonging to the male gymnastics club of University A. In this study, the group was divided into an image training group (n=16) and a control group (n=10), and imagery training group performed imagery training 5 times a week for 3 weeks. The content of the training was set with reference to the PETTLEP model (Holmes and Collins, 2001). Subjects were asked to answer the Japanese SIAQ (Aikawa et al., 2019) and CSAI-2 (Martens et al., 1990) before and after the intervention, and their performance was measured. The results of this study indicated that the imagery training group members improved their imagery ability and self-confidence. Although there was no statistically significant difference in performance, there was a valuable change in performance in gymnastics. In conclusion, this study revealed the effect of imagery training based on scientific evidence. We consider that this study has provided useful knowledge for gymnasts, coaches, and mental training consultant in sports who use imagery training.

著者

大島 浩幸 山田 憲政

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.65-74, 2010

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本研究の目的は,運動技術レベルと運動観察能力の関連を実験的に検証することであった.実験は,様々なスポーツにおいて一般的な運動でありながら熟練度によって優劣の差がある投球動作を試技として用いた.まず,第一の実験として40人の実験参加者を投球課題中の肘関節と手関節の時間的位相差を指標に各10人の2群に分けた.A群(上位群):肘関節の伸展角速度の増加が手関節の伸展角速度の増加より先に来る.B群(下位群):A群の関係が逆になる.次に第二の実験では,15セットのスティックピクチャーで構成される映像を,モデルとした熟練投球動作を基に時間的位相差の段階的操作により作成し,2群の各10人,計20人がモデルの実行した映像と作成した映像を観察した;それらの運動間の差異を検出したセット数を記録した.その結果,A群はB群よりも有意に早い段階で運動の差異を検出した(p<0.001).この結果は,運動技術レベルが高い実験参加者の運動観察における差異の検出精度は運動技術レベルが低い実験参加者の運動観察における差異の検出精度に比べ有意に高いということを示す.

著者

尼崎 光洋 煙山 千尋

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2013-1207, (Released:2013-08-08)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

5 5

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This study primarily examines the usefulness of and the gender differences in the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) to physical activity (PA) among Japanese university students. A total of 1,019 students (age=18-23 years, M=18.73 years, SD=0.64) participated in a selfadministered cross-sectional survey. All participants completed a questionnaire composed of sociodemographic variables (e.g., gender, age), risk perception, outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, behavioral intention, planning, and PA. Data were analyzed using structural and multi-group structural equation analyses. The results indicated that the HAPA model provided a good fit to the data and explained 31% of the variance in PA among Japanese university students. However, the HAPA also revealed several significant gender differences in the standardized path coefficients. These results suggest that the HAPA is a valid model for predicting PA among Japanese university students; however, gender differences in the HAPA should be considered when designing PA interventions.

著者

相羽 枝莉子 松田 晃二郎 児玉 亜由実 杉山 佳生

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.33-47, 2022-03-31 (Released:2022-03-31)

参考文献数

34

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The purpose of this study was to develop the Emotion Regulation Strategies scales in Sports competition (ERSS), and to investigate the patterns of tendency to use emotion regulation strategies during games with the competition results. In Study 1, a total of 513 athletes were investigated using a preliminary scale, and through exploratory factor analysis, six factors (positive refocusing, self-blame, conversion of viewpoint, emotional suppression, problem-solving, and rumination) were extracted, and the ERSS was developed. In Study 2, a total of 327 athletes, who different from the subjects in Study 1, completed the ERSS to confirm its validity, together with its related scales. All the subscales correlated with their relevant subscales in the expected directions, and the test–retest reliability was .41–.71 (p < .01). In addition, we analyzed ERSS subscale scores with cluster analysis, and the participants were classified into four clusters. The first cluster consisted of athletes who were more likely to use all the emotion regulation strategies; the second cluster consisted of athletes who were less likely to use all the strategies; the third cluster consisted of athletes who were more likely to use positive refocusing; and the fourth cluster consisted of athletes who were more likely to use problem-solving and emotional suppression. We conducted a chi-square test to investigate the association between the clusters and the level of competition. While we found no significant differences in any of them, we did identify a marginally significant difference in the first cluster.

著者

松田 晃二郎 須﨑 康臣 向 晃佑 杉山 佳生

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-1715, (Released:2018-09-28)

参考文献数

53

被引用文献数

2 3

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The present study aimed to explore the psychological growth achieved by athletes during coping with the yips. We interviewed six university baseball players (mean age=21.0 years, SD=1.15 years) who experienced the yips using the episode interview method and then gathered narrative data related to the experience of the yips or the psychological growth accompanying the same. As a result of analysis of the data, it was roughly divided into two types of narratives: “narratives of negative psychological changes accompanying the experience of the yips” and “narratives of psychological growth accompanying the experience of the yips.” Further analysis of the latter yielded the following five category groups on psychological growth: “positive changes in consciousness of competition,” “changes in self-recognition,” “mental margin,” “changes in the views of a way of others,” and “deepening of understanding of competition.” These results suggest that the experience of the yips leads to negative as well as positive psychological changes in the athlete.

著者

藤井 紀之 中本 浩揮 幾留 沙智 畝中 智志 森 司朗

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.93-103, 2014-12-05 (Released:2015-04-14)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

3

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This study aimed to investigate whether individual differences in viewpoint (route or survey [bird's eye] view) while playing football are associated with mental rotation ability and domain-specificity. Seventeen varsity football players were assigned to Experienced and Non-Experienced survey view groups according to a questionnaire about their experiences with survey view while playing football. Three tasks were used to compare mental rotation and viewpoint switching ability between groups: a mental rotation task to assess the ability to operate upon visuospatial mental representations; a viewpoint switching task to assess the ability to switch viewpoint internally from route to survey view in response to non-domain-specific information (e.g., toysʼ configuration); and the complex task to assess the ability to switch viewpoint from route to survey view in response to domain-specific information (e.g., playersʼ configuration) and to operate upon visuospatial mental representations. There were significant between-group differences in response time for the mental rotation and complex tasks, but not in response accuracy for any tasks. This indicates that the experienced survey view group could quickly operate upon mental representations and switch viewpoints from route to survey view, but only in a domain-specific environment. Therefore, individual differences in viewpoint when playing football are associated with mental rotation ability and viewpoint switching ability in response to domain-specific information. More specifically, mental rotation ability and viewpoint switching is contingent upon domain-specific information for the attainment of survey view during football gameplay.

著者

有冨 公教 外山 美樹 沢宮 容子

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2013-1219, (Released:2013-09-18)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

3 2

---

Effect of self-talk on motor performance was investigated. High school and junior high school students (N=24) participated in the study. They performed 400 meter timing trials each week for two weeks, such that first week was the baseline trial, and second week was the intervention trial. After the first trial, participants were assigned to one of two groups based on their swimming times: self-talk group (positive self-statements) or control group (thought suppression). In each of two trials, the participants were instructed to swim as easily as possible. After completing each trial, they requested to fill out the questionnaire that asked about their thoughts and perceived exertion rate while swimming, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depression after swimming. Results indicated no change in the perceived rating of exertion and fatigue among the groups between the two trials. However, the group assigned to self-talk swam significantly faster in the intervention, compared to the baseline trial. Moreover, depression score in the self-talk group decreased significantly after the intervention, in comparison to the baseline. These results show that positive self-statements influence mood and the emotional state, in addition to the physical state and its cognition. The findings of this study suggest the usefulness of using self-talk by participants who aim to improve movements and enhance their performance.

著者

竹内 竜也 幾留 沙智 森 司朗 石倉 忠夫 中本 浩揮

出版者

日本スポーツ心理学会

雑誌

スポーツ心理学研究 (ISSN:03887014)

巻号頁・発行日

2019

---

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the influence of individual differences in the automatic imitation tendency on efficiency in observational motor learning. First, twenty participants each having higher or lower automatic imitation tendency were chosen from 210 according to their reaction times in the imitation-inhibition task indicating automatic imitation tendency. Each group performed the observational motor learning that alternately repeated action observation and execution. The participants in each group were further divided into two groups: appropriate model group that observed a model performing the task correctly and inappropriate model group that observed a model performing the task incorrectly. Results revealed that when participants observed the appropriate model, people with higher imitation tendency demonstrated better task performance in the acquisition phase and retention test than did those with a lower imitation tendency. On the other hand, when the participants observed the inappropriate model, the higher imitation tendency group exhibited lower performance in the acquisition phase and the retention test than did the lower imitation tendency group. Additionally, the higher tendency group was more influenced by difference between the appropriate and inappropriate model than was the lower tendency group in learning efficiency. These findings indicate that individual differences in the automatic imitation tendency affect the learning efficiency and retention in observational motor learning. Further, automatic imitation is likely to have a strong influence on observational motor learning regardless of the learnersʼ intention.