著者

池田 雄一 矢吹 信喜

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会構造系論文集 (ISSN:13404202)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.805, pp.347-355, 2023-03-01 (Released:2023-03-01)

参考文献数

28

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During the building construction, contractors are required to measure the completed form and calculate the quantity and are increasingly employing point cloud data for this purpose. Using point cloud data is expected to perform higher productivity than the conventional manual measurement and taking pictures. This paper proposes a new pile center measurement method using point cloud data obtained by Structure from Motion (SfM) and Building Information Modeling (BIM). The efficiency, cost, and accuracy of the proposed a pproach were investigated compared to the conventional surveying method.

著者

高田 暁

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.693, pp.835-840, 2013-11-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

5

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For establishing the basis of clarifying the conditions to create indoor thermal environment without discomfort due to sensation of dryness in winter (dry season), several kinds of questionnaire surveys were conducted. The questionnaire survey to great mass of office workers and students revealed that more than half of them experienced discomfort due to dryness in indoor spaces and that they sensed dryness most in the throat, followed by the lip, eyes, and face. At the same time, based on the surveys for occupants during sedentary work, the relationship between the sensation of dryness and the thermal environmental conditions such as air temperature, humidity, and wind velocity was studied. The results showed that the sensation of dryness could be caused more intensively when the air temperature or the wind velocity is higher or the humidity is low. This might correspond with the physical mechanism of moisture evaporation from skin or mucous membrane, and suggest the alternatives of indoor thermal environmental control in winter other than humidification.

著者

金澤 雄記

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.661, pp.681-688, 2011-03-30 (Released:2011-03-31)

参考文献数

9

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Honmune style houses were built since late 17th century to late 19 th century, especially 209 houses still exist in Iida City. This paper reports about result of hearing investigation at 198 houses and measurement survey at 85 houses, explains architectural evaluation of Honmune style houses based on the research about the realities and change of living spaces and structures. Living space of Honmune style houses became gloomy and closed, because expansion the second floor since the middle of 19 th century and renovation it since mid the MEIJI era to sericultural works.

著者

嶋田 邦男 桜井 康宏

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.615, pp.105-112, 2007-05-30 (Released:2017-02-25)

参考文献数

10

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This paper analyzes the transformation of the residence forms and the house improvement at "UONOTANA Shopping St." by comparing 1960 and the present. The residence forms are classified into "All family members remain", "Part of family members moved out", and "All family members moved out" in this paper. The main conclusions are as follows. 1) It is "All family members moved out" many of the types of the transformation of the residence forms. It occupies about the entire half. As for "Part of family members moved out" a little over 20%, "All family members remain" become a little less than 20%. 2) Most of the households of "All family members remain" and "Part of family members moved out" improve their residence environment by rebuilding. The enlargements of their residence scale enable them to continue living, and the enlarged scale of "All family members remain" is bigger that "Part of family members moved out". 3) The households of "Part of family members moved out" improve their residence environment by move out of child generation while continuing their store through parent generation continue living in house with store. 4) Most of the households of "All family members moved out" rent their land, and most of them move out to where adjacent to the central city area.

著者

楊 丹 中園 眞人 牛島 朗

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.744, pp.209-218, 2018 (Released:2018-02-28)

被引用文献数

3 2

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Through collecting and arranging the historical and archaeological data about Manchu residence in Northeast China, this paper aims to analyze the evolution process of Manchu residence form(primitive cave dwelling, semi- subterranean dwelling, above-ground-Courtyard Residence) and heating(stove-Huodilong-original Kang-Wanzi Kang). China's Manchu and their ancestors have three times to rise, the sphere expands, agriculture develops, and communication with other ethnic groups deepens, so they also have three times quantum leap in residence form. The first time is that the residence form evolves from primitive cave dwelling into semi- subterranean dwelling. Sushen and Yilou people's building technology was lower and they had to live in deep cave to endure cold. In 5-10 century, Wuji and Mohe people began to widely use pillars to support beam and their technology for building roofs was also more mature, the depth of the cave also became shallower, and the semi-underground residence was formed. And at this time the heating method evolved from primitive stove into Huodilong that the shape was “┓”and it had one narrow flue to connect stove and smoke vent. The second time is that the residence form evolves from semi-subterranean dwelling into above-ground. In 10-12 century, the Jin Dynasty, Jurchen people's heating method had been greatly improved, it evolved from Huodilong which had only one flue into primitive Kang which had three or four flues. Primitive Kang solved the heating problem and it was a necessary condition for Jurchen people to build the above-ground dwelling. Besides, Jurchen people mastered the construction method that how to build the roof on the vertical wall, so they had the technical conditions for building the above-ground dwelling. The third time is that the residence eventually evolves into the courtyard form. In late 16th century-early 17th century, the later Jin Dynasty, Jurchen people's sphere was expanded and the residential culture was influenced by the Han-nationality, the 2-span's residence appeared that the bedroom and kitchen was separated by wall. After that, the building scale was expanded and the 3-span's residence which called Pocket room generally appeared. And then, in the bedroom, three sides (south, west and norths) were built Wanzi Kang and the Wosaku was hanged on the west wall which preserved genealogy and ancestors' portraits, the Kuahai chimney stood beside the west gable wall. They constitute the characteristics of Manchu residence. Qing army entered the Central Plains in the mid-17th century, the east-west symmetrical residence type appeared that had one kitchen and two bedrooms. But because the west room was the Manchu people's important place for religious activities and it needed larger area, so the 4-span's residence appeared. Since the 19th century with the raise of Manchu economic and social status, the building scale expanded again, Manchu people generally built the symmetrical 5-span's residence which liked the Han's. And most of middle-class and upper-middle-class Manchu people imitated the Han's residence style to build three-section-compound and Siheyuan. Generally, the west-wing-room is warehouse and the east-wing-room is stored food, if family is big, the west-wing-room is also used to live.

著者

中村 恵美 浅見 泰司

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.801, pp.2203-2210, 2022-11-01 (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

13

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We analyzed the mechanism of urban food desert expansion based on data at the block level. According to the food demand curve, the elasticity was high and the nutritional value diet decreased as the store prices increased. The store prices within 500m from the redevelopment would tend to increase because luxury supermarkets would dominate, while over 500m they would often tend to decrease because new non-luxury supermarkets would compete for opening. There are only two types of blocks with high risk of food desert: a block surrounded by multiple redevelopments or a block whose store price has gone up considerably.

著者

松村 秀一 権藤 智之 佐藤 考一 森田 芳朗 江口 亨

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.693, pp.2307-2313, 2013-11-30 (Released:2014-07-10)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 1

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Major prefabricated houses manufacturers started their business around 1960s and became world class large housing companies. This study clarifies 9 major prefabricated houses manufacturers' developments at early stage by interviews with their in-house engineers and architectural designers as well as analysis of relating documents. Early prefabricated houses were developed by small number of engineers intensively. Various architecture and specialists including foreign architecture, famous architects and academics affected these developments in some aspects. Furthermore, each of early prefabricated houses had many unique characteristics in building systems. Some of them had changed in early stages, while the others still remain nowadays.

著者

長谷川 敦大 門脇 耕三

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.804, pp.446-456, 2023-02-01 (Released:2023-02-01)

参考文献数

24

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The situation related to building production in Japan is becoming increasingly complex from both social and urban perspectives. House-builders are finding it difficult to cope with these circumstances due to the system’s closed nature. Therefore, We made the purpose of this study to identify the problems that building systems deal with irregular customize. As a case study, we focused on a project with irregular customization. We conducted a textual analysis of design meeting transcripts to examine user participation in decision-making during the design process. The results showed the possibility of reconstructing the relationship between decision-making entities in the OPENBUILDIN theory.

著者

牛島 朗 菊地 成朋

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.632, pp.2125-2130, 2008-10-30 (Released:2009-10-28)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2

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The aim of this study is to make clear the spatial composition and formative process of reclaimed villages by a case study on Ryokai Area facing the Ariake Coast in Yanagawa City. On the Ariake Coast, there are a lot of reclaimed villages located on the same geographical condition, but shapes of these villages are many and various. We attempt to clarify a primary factor of the variety of reclaimed villages, therefore we analyzed the relationship between process of reclamation works and village composition on Ryokai Area. As a result we realized a cause and effect relationship among several factors technical development,agricultural policy and dwelling system.

著者

金城 春野 小倉 暢之

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.744, pp.307-314, 2018 (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

3 2

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More than 75,000 emergency houses, called the standard prefabricated house, were built in Okinawa after the war in approximately four years, beginning in 1946, which made a great contribution to reconstruction. The standard prefabricated house was designed by a local architect named Hisao Nakaza (1904-1962) at the U.S. naval military government Okinawa public works department on Nov. 30, 1945. The purpose of this study is to clarify the details of the situation about the process, the design and the supply system of the standard prefabricated house, and to also clarify the actual factor of the massive and quick supply. This paper consists of five chapters. Chapter 1 describes the background based on the career and articles of Nakaza and why he began to design the standard house. According to his career, he had experience with evacuation house construction in wartime. After the experience was evaluated, Nakaza designed the standard house at the U. S. naval military government Okinawa public works department. Chapter 2 considers the standard house plan situation of the U.S. naval government from directions. The naval government gave orders that let local people resettle from camps to their original places of residence on October 23, 1945. Therefore, the government had to supply houses. The direction of October 31, 1945 shows the design guide of the houses. It is thought that the scale and materials of the standard prefabricated house were decided based on this. Chapter 3 analyzes the design drawing. The standard prefabricated house responded to the situation of a lack of engineers in that the frames of the walls and roof trusses were designed as prefabs which were produced at a factory. Furthermore, the design can respond to the lack of material flexibly, and the choice of finishing materials depending on the local situation is possible. Chapter 4 investigates Nakaza's article and the Okinawa public works department relations documents, and understands the supply system. For approximately four months, from January to May in 1946, the constructions were instructed by three people, including Nakaza. From the period of May, 1946 to the end of 1949, constructions were carried out by an organized system by the public works department of Okinawa civil administration. The department was able to settle the U.S. government budget directly. Architectural division managed the material yards and carried out construction by construction units. In addition, motor pools of the land transport division took transports. Chapter 5 analyzes the monthly construction number on the activity reports of the U.S. military government and assumes the construction end time. Construction was carried out most actively during the periods from the beginning of 1946 to mid 1947. The first action system was good; more than 4,000 houses a month in December, 1946 and January, 1947 were built. There are construction reports until October, 1949, which show that the houses were built until about the end of 1949. A total of about 76,815 houses were supplied within four years, from January, 1946 to October, 1949. As above, the standard prefabricated house was designed by architect Hisao Nakaza, and supervised by the U.S. military government, and managed by local government, and constructed by mutual support among residents. The main reasons to be able to serve a large quantity and quick supply are as follows. (1) The houses were a prefabricated type which the residents could easily build. (2) The design could respond to the lack of material flexibly, and the choice of finishing materials depending on the local situation was possible. (3) The compact organization system could perform the stocking, manufacturing, sending, and budgeting execution of the construction.

著者

山岸 吉弘

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.671, pp.127-133, 2012-01-30 (Released:2012-03-05)

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Japanese architectural reference books “KIWARI-SHO” are known as the method of architectural design for Japanese traditional architecture used by the rules of proportional relationship and module. In this design technique, there are some important factors composed the base of system, for example “HASHIRA” (pillar) and “TARUKI” (rafter), which are the beginning of proportional relationship reaching every parts. Each chain of connection is necessarily joined somewhere, and it causes specific problems as contradiction. This paper traces the contents of “KIWARI-SHO” from this point of view, in order to understand its history.

著者

高道 昌志

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.80, no.712, pp.1483-1492, 2015 (Released:2015-07-11)

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This paper explores the process by which the functions of riverbanks in the study area were reorganized and took on new modern urban functions from the Bakumatsu period (ca. 1853-1868) to the Meiji era (1868-1912) by investigating the formation and transformation of two “kashi” (common riverside spaces), Kagura-kashi and Ichibei-kashi. This paper successfully identifies two urban trends. First, land plots and renter trends in both kashi were determined by gradual enlargements of the partial-use states of the preceding Bakumatsu period. Second, adjacent towns and entities based in those towns strongly influenced kashi creation and development.

著者

峯岸 良和

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.803, pp.1-12, 2023-01-01 (Released:2023-01-01)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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Crowd control method at stadiums in emergency evacuation situation such as a fire, bomb threat, and terror is discussed. For its basis, egress and way home crowd behavior in eight stadiums was observed through walking with the crowd and mixed in like a tracer. In some stadiums, the crowd was controlled by closing some exits, temporary fences, and stewards’ guidance to relieve congestion outside the stadium site. In contrast, some stadiums let pedestrians walk freely; however, no accumulation was generated. The latter strategy is desirable for emergency evacuation, and its architectural design consideration and guidance policy are discussed.

著者

岩田 会津

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.780, pp.665-674, 2021 (Released:2021-02-28)

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This paper examines the formation process of the territories of villages in Kamakura in the Edo era, by analyzing “Nayose-cho,” a type of village cadaster of Ogigayatsu-mura, a village in Kamakura. After Tokugawa Ieyasu relocated to the Kanto district, he divided the field of Kamakura into a group of villages in 1591. However, since these villages were divided into multiple territories ruled by temples and shrines, the villages had not yet functioned as administrative units. In the case of Ogigayatsu-mura, the village encompassed the territories under the control of Tsurugaoka-hachimangu, Juhuku-ji, Jokomyo-ji, Eisho-ji, and Tatsumi-kojin. At that point, the land lots of Kamakura were registered in “Kenchi-cho,” a type of cadaster made by the landlords from which we cannot tell which village the lots registered in the kenchi-chos belonged to. It took a long time for the border of the villages began to gain significance. The administrative organizations of the villages were formed during the late 17th century, and the oldest book of nayose-chos in Ogigayatsu-mura was written in 1682. This means that people living in Ogigayatsu-mura had begun to make their nayose-chos to investigate the landownership in the village, as soon as the administrative organization of the village was formed. The village continued to use the nayose-cho of 1682 until at least 1763, by copying it and updating the landowners. Nayose-chos, made by the villagers, replaced the kenchi-chos, made by the landlords. Villagers in Kamakura knew the land ownership details through the nayose-chos. However, since the landlords still controlled their territory by collecting land tax, villages had not yet gained control of their land. Around 1800, the task of collecting land tax was taken over by the villagers from the landlords. In Ogigayatsu-mura, the Kan-nushi of Tsurugaoka-hachimangu, who was allotted a part of the territory under the shrine’s control, adopted this method. After the lawsuit of 1791 between the Kan-nushi and the villages in his territory, Kan-nushi left the collection of land tax to each village. Thereafter, the villagers began to make nayose-chos for each year to calculate total land tax and report it to the landlord. This means that the villagers themselves administered their territory instead of their lords. However, without Kan-nushi’s influence, the territories of Ogigayatsu-mura were still managed by its landlords directly. In these territories, nayose-chos were rarely made because it was not necessary for the villagers to understand the land ownership details. Therefore, Ogigayatsu-mura was ruled by many lords until the Meiji Restoration. In accordance with the Agechi-rei published in 1871, the new Meiji government was supposed to confiscate the territories of temples and shrines and integrate them into modern administrative villages. To put this policy into action, the land ownership of almost all the villages was examined. This was accomplished by studying the nayose-chos of the territories made around 1871. However, the land systems of the old territories still survived, although the government confiscated them. The Land Tax Reform of 1873 changed this situation. The old land systems were completely abolished, and the nayose-chos of all territories were merged into one cadaster. Finally, the borders marking the territories in Ogigayatsu-mura were removed, and the village was recognized as a single territory. I would like to thank Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.

著者

江川 香奈 小島 督弘 坪田 祐 江 文菁 安藤 繁 山下 哲郎

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.797, pp.1124-1129, 2022-07-01 (Released:2022-07-01)

参考文献数

15

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Based on a simulation of casualties potentially affected by a Northern Tokyo Bay Earthquake, we examined the limits and possibilities of medical relief activities and building space at disaster base hospitals. Considering casualty numbers over time, we determined details about the overall space required to deal with affected patients based on degree of urgency and ascertained the needs of each area. We found that the yellow area (for high-risk patients) was relatively large; however, it was also found that affected patients remained and continued to accumulate in the red (critical) area for some time after the disaster.

著者

菊本 英紀 大岡 龍三

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会環境系論文集 (ISSN:13480685)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.87, no.801, pp.759-765, 2022-11-01 (Released:2022-11-01)

参考文献数

23

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Based on the assumption of a non-uniform pollutant concentration distribution and stochastic determination of pollutant sources and receptors in indoor space, this study shows how to formulate the expected pollutant concentration observed by the receptors in the presence of an air cleaner, using adjoint concentration and parameters related to probability of pollutants passing through the cleaner. Using this formulation, the structure of the concentration reduction effect of the cleaner and its optimal placement are discussed. The studies with the formulation are also conducted under the assumption of instantaneous uniform diffusion and for a problem in one-dimensional space.

著者

石垣 文 山本 幸子 下倉 玲子 小林 文香 福田 由美子

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.756, pp.377-386, 2019 (Released:2019-02-28)

参考文献数

24

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A current issue in Japan is building sustainable living environments in light of its shrinking and aging population. Depopulated regions in particular have seen significant declines in birthrates, and face the problem of the consolidation and closure of elementary schools. There are fears that the withdrawal of schools from an area may impoverish the region and make for less sustainable living. Meanwhile, the issue of school consolidation has triggered the development of resident-led efforts for regional preservation in various areas, and these efforts have been recognized as forming part of sustainable living support infrastructure. Accordingly, this study looked at elementary schools with a rural village student-family schooling system to sustain elementary schools and their surrounding regions for the purpose of clarifying the actual conditions of these schemes, and conducted a survey of three areas with a comparatively good record for such a scheme on a national level. The study produced the following findings. 1. The study clarified the processes and operating structures of village schooling schemes in the three areas, from inception to the present. One feature shared by all three areas is that the region's residents participated in the village schooling activities, and got involved with a sense of being interested parties to the scheme. Another characteristic is that the organizational structure is inherent in the three areas, and the members of the organization differs depending on the activity history. 2. As a feature of the content of the initiatives, each organization has a common point in interviewing, offering houses, life counselling and introducing work at the start of schooling. Next, at the stage of the start of schooling, matches such as entrance examination and interview of decision to join schooling system are made by the organization. Thirdly, there are two types of houses to be offered: " Houses for newcomers (vacant houses used)" and " Houses exclusively for mountain village schooling families (public housing)". In the latter, there are one that utilizes existing public housing and the other is newly constructed. 3. The schemes can be considered to have a certain effect towards sustaining schools, as the numbers of pupils at elementary schools were maintained through village schooling students. In addition, part of the improvement of regional power was caught, as the accumulation power of building resources has increased due to the continuation of schools and the utilization of vacant houses, and the formation organization of residents' organizations has improved due to the formation of three groups. However, further research is necessary as to whether the operation of the rural village schooling system will lead to the community sustainable.

著者

泉田 英雄

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.81, no.720, pp.477-487, 2016

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Edmund Morel, the fist chief engineer in railway division of the Meiji Japan, proposed in April 1870 the foundation of the ministry of public works, which consisted of execution, accountants and education sections. The education section's main objective was to train young Japanese under its institute by foreign teachers. The students would learn both theory and practice at its college after they acquired basic knowledge at its school. Although the Meiji government agreed to found the ministry in November 1870, the education section was neglected. Yozo Yamao who trained as engineer at Glasgow, entered the service of engineering section at the Meiji government in 1870, and insisted on the significance of engineering education and survey. When the ministry was officially organized in September 1871, he became a vice minister of the public works as well as chief of both education and survey sections, and assured that he could find and hire foreign teaching staff and build the school buildings before opening of the institute in August 1872. Colin Alexander McVean, a Scottish civil engineer, appointed as a chief surveyor to the survey section, assisted Yamao to build the school facilities and hire foreign staff.

著者

加藤 雅之 加藤 彰一 毛利 志保

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.702, pp.1737-1743, 2014-08-30 (Released:2014-09-30)

参考文献数

28

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The purpose of this study explain the architectural planning of PICU which is relatively new concept in Japan. There is no suitable development model for PICU. And also, the paper shows the survey result and some recommendations on the issue. A survey was carried out by posting questionnaire survey sheets to 27 children's hospitals and 20 institutes replied, among which 11 replied to have independent PICU. As a results, conclusions are following 1) in a number of PICU's the medical staff is forced to work in very small area and it is recommended that sufficient floor area should be provided as in the some advanced cases, 2) making more comfortable environment for patients and visitors.

著者

堀田 典裕

出版者

日本建築学会

雑誌

日本建築学会計画系論文集 (ISSN:13404210)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.471, pp.165-173, 1995-05-30 (Released:2017-01-27)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1 1

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This paper is an attempt to study on the evoluting process and the spatial characteristics of the residential quater in Yagoto hills. They are commonly called "Higashiyama" and had been famous for the excursional point since the Edo era. But in the early part of the 20th century, they were turned into the treeless hills. Over against this situation, Tatsutarou Sasahara began to reforest since 1910's and developed as the the residential suburb during 1920-30's. This town was desighned with the gentle curved roads corresponding to the small lay of the land and affected by Ryotaro Kurotani's "Forest City".