著者
入山 八江 稲村 雪子 渡辺 優奈 川村 美和子 久志田 順子 牧野 令子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本栄養士会
雑誌
日本栄養士会雑誌 (ISSN:00136492)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.9, pp.511-523, 2021 (Released:2021-09-01)
参考文献数
26

日本は世界に類を見ない速さで高齢化が進み「超高齢社会」を迎えている。本研究の目的は、訪問栄養指導が在宅高齢者のQOL、BMI、疾病の改善に及ぼす効果を検証し、さらに、介護度や依頼元別の依頼内容の違いや特徴の実態を明らかにすることである。対象は2012~2020年の8年間に訪問栄養指導を受けた211人。栄養介入は、初回にアセスメントを行い最終回で評価した。主観的情報のQOLは、記録から事象を6カテゴリーに分類し、分析した。また、客観的情報が事前事後でそろう79人については、目的別に低栄養を回避し体重増加を目指す群、適正体重を維持する群、肥満の改善を目指す群の3群に分け分析した。その結果、増加群、減少群は共に体重に有意な改善が見られ、群間差が認められた。QOLの向上には、栄養と調理、行動変容が要因として有意に関連していた。訪問栄養指導の効果は、QOL、BMI、疾病の改善に有効であることが示唆され、介護度別、依頼元別に依頼内容の特徴が認められた。
著者
TOLNAY M.
雑誌
Neurogenetics
巻号頁・発行日
vol.4, pp.63-75, 2002
被引用文献数
2 28
著者
上條 諒貴
出版者
日本政治学会
雑誌
年報政治学 (ISSN:05494192)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.2, pp.2_264-2_288, 2019 (Released:2020-12-21)
参考文献数
27

本稿は、議院内閣制における 「内閣改造」 を、外部の政治状況の変化に応じた首相の人事権の戦略的行使と捉え、それが首相の地位維持にいかに資するかという観点から分析するものである。 まず、数理モデルを用いて、現政権 (首相) への有権者からの支持が低下すると、大臣職を与えることによって首相からの政策的距離が遠い議員の支持を取り付けることが困難になり、首相は地位維持に必要な党内支持を獲得できる可能性に賭けて自らに政策的に近い議員を大臣に任命するようになるという仮説を導く。 その後、「東京大学谷口研究室・朝日新聞共同調査」 および第一次安倍政権以降の日本の大臣人事データを用いた計量分析によってこの仮説を検証する。首相からの政策距離と内閣支持の交差項を含んだロジスティック回帰分析の結果、内閣支持が低下すると、経済政策に関する政策的距離が首相に近い議員の方が有意に大臣に任命されやすくなることが示される。
著者
村田 喜代治
出版者
公益社団法人 日本地理学会
雑誌
地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31, no.4, pp.219-230, 1958

1. It follows from the very nature of a science that until it has reached a certain stage of development, definition of its character is necessarily impossible. But once this stage of development has been reached not only is it not waste of time to investigate precise chracter; it is waste of time not to do so. (L. Robbins) By the way Prof. E. G. R. Taylor stated once &ldquo;What have they dooe ? This was the question derisively asked by the educated public about the Fellow of Royal Society in the early years of their incorporation. It is asked today, and in the same mocking spirit, about geographers&rdquo;. To answer the above question it will be usefull to show the actual works done by many geographers. At the same time, however, geographers also must attempt methodological examination. Because as mentioned above, in case a science has reached a certain stage of development, its further development and repletion of its contents are to be accomplished by methodological examination but not only by trial and error.<br> 2. The writer's methodological examination is first directed to views stated in &ldquo;American Geography&rdquo;. In this book Prof. P. E. James shows three contributions of geography. (cf. p. 6) The writer has some questions of the foundation of his views. His first and second items assert to apply practically the concepts and principles provided by other systematic sciences, therefore the writer understands that he characterizes geography as the applied branch of other sciences with theory like the applied chemistry as against the theoretical chemistry. Such understanding leads me to the conclusion that the third asserrtion has no substantial meaning because it remains simply as an applied perspective. Then what is the reason why Prof. James venture to express his views without considering the theoretical basis underlying them? To me such a logical confusion seems to arise from some sort of belief that &ldquo;area&rdquo; is a peculiar objective accepted only in the field of geography. To the geographers who have such a belief, so far as their study is concerned with area, it is geography science even if it gets some benefit by the result of other sciences. But there are some questions on area. They are; (1) the concept and treatment of area is not exclusive possession of geography (e. g. as indicated by Prof. R. B. Hall), (2) it is a created intellectual concept (e. g. Prof. D. Whittlesey), (3) it is genetically a product which was brought as the result to avoid inpetous conclusion by environmentalism. So far as these views are admitted, the writer can say on each of them as following; (1) It seems to me that the view intending to characterize the geography only by connection with area has no scientific foundation. So far as the surface of the earth is the stage of human activities, it will be a common field of many sciences, and it is natural that many other sciences have some interest on the approach. Thus it is clear that area is not monopoly of geography.<br> (2) If area is a created intellectual concept then what is its substantial content? As Prof. H. H. McCarty stated economic geography &ldquo;derives its concepts largely from the field of economics, &rdquo; economic geographers, almost always treat economical phenomena by using concepts of economics. Therefore the writer can say that concrete contents of economic area are agglomeration of economic phenomena studied in economics. The fact that systematic and topical approaches are used in economic geography as well as regional approach, means that the contents of area substantially make those approaches indispensable. The systematic approach means, for instance, that economic geography must depend on the economics, consequently it must have stand-point of economics to areal study.<br> (3) So far as the area is a product to avoid the defect of environmentalism, it is not an objective but genetically a means of environmentalistic approach.