著者
Yo Shinoda Masahiro Akiyama Takashi Toyama
出版者
The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan
雑誌
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.46, no.9, pp.1162-1168, 2023-09-01 (Released:2023-09-01)
参考文献数
109

Methylmercury (MeHg) is the causal substrate of Minamata disease and a major environmental toxicant. MeHg is widely distributed, mainly in the ocean, meaning its bioaccumulation in seafood is a considerable problem for human health. MeHg has been intensively investigated and is known to induce inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration. However, the relationship between MeHg-induced inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration is not understood. In the present review, we first describe recent findings showing an association between inflammatory responses and certain MeHg-unrelated neurological diseases caused by neurodegeneration. In addition, cell-specific MeHg-induced inflammatory responses are summarized for the central nervous system including those of microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. We also describe MeHg-induced inflammatory responses in peripheral cells and tissue, such as macrophages and blood. These findings provide a concept of the relationship between MeHg-induced inflammatory responses and neurodegeneration, as well as direction for future research of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.
著者
本多 牧生 乙坂 重嘉
出版者
一般社団法人 日本原子力学会
雑誌
日本原子力学会誌ATOMOΣ (ISSN:18822606)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.4, pp.225-228, 2016 (Released:2020-02-19)
参考文献数
10

福島第一原子力発電所(FDNPP)事故由来の粒状態放射性セシウムの海洋内での輸送状況を把握するため,2011年7月にFDNPP南東沖大陸斜面に沈降粒子捕集装置を設置し,その後3年間に捕集された粒状物質の放射性セシウムを測定した。その結果,2014年初夏になってもFDNPP事故由来の放射性セシウムが検出され,毎年秋季になると増加する傾向があること等が観測された。捕集粒子の主成分が鉱物粒子であること,海水中の溶存放射性セシウム濃度から推定される粒状態放射性セシウムフラックスより捕集されたフラックスがはるかに大きいことからFDNPP事故由来の放射性セシウムが沈着したFDNPP沖海底堆積物が再懸濁し,大陸斜面に水平方向に輸送されている様子が窺えた。また秋季に見られた放射性セシウム濃度とフラックスの増加は台風が接近・通過することで,より浅い水深の海底堆積物が再懸濁し水平輸送されたと推定された。
著者
奥野 吉宏
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.9, pp.374-378, 2023-09-01 (Released:2023-09-01)

公立図書館のシステムは,リース契約による調達が一般的である。そのため,リース期間満了毎に更新を行うこととなるが,公立図書館向けシステムに標準となる仕様はないのが現状であり,各図書館は必要とするすべての機能を仕様書に載せなければならない状況にある。このような公立図書館システムの課題とその取組について,仕様書の作成を中心に,筆者が勤務する京都府立図書館の事例を交えながら紹介する。また,図書館システムが保持するデータについても標準化されておらず,システム更新時の新旧システム間でのデータ移行(特に,システムベンダーが変わる際のデータ移行)のリスク要因となっている。この課題の解決に向けて,日本図書館協会に設置された「図書館システムのデータ移行問題検討会」に,筆者は委員として関わったことから,この報告書の内容を中心に,検討会の成果と今後の課題について報告する。
著者
上野 友稔
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.9, pp.369-373, 2023-09-01 (Released:2023-09-01)

本稿では,電気通信大学附属図書館が,Ex Libris社製Almaを国立大学の図書館で最初に導入した事例について,Almaの導入に至るまでの背景や課題,運用の詳細,運用開始後の課題とともに紹介する。図書館のシステム更新時に重要となる仕様の要件検討では,電子書籍・電子ジャーナルの普及への対応とともに,検索サービスとディスカバリーサービスの一本化を重視した。さらに,システムの運用に関する職員教育,ワークフローの変化,新しい機能等への対応等の運用の実態を説明するとともに,運用中で見いだされた図書館システムの更新を検討する際の視点として,図書館職員としてのメンタリティ等の課題について触れる。
著者
渡辺 哲成 池下 綾乃
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.9, pp.362-368, 2023-09-01 (Released:2023-09-01)

大学図書館や専門図書館向けの図書館システムベンダーである弊社の経験から,「図書館・学術情報システムの移行」のポイントをいくつか紹介した。特にシステム調達フェイズから導入作業フェイズ,そして本稼働後にいたるまで非常に影響力の大きい2つのテーマ「仕様書」と「データ移行」に関することを中心に説明している。「仕様書」については,記載すべき内容や記述の粒度,ベンダー仕様書の使用の可否,クラウド型図書館システムの場合などについて解説しており,「データ移行」については,データ抽出作業の諸問題や,データ移行を円滑に進めるコツ,納品ドキュメントについて等を解説している。
著者
尾谷 有里奈
出版者
一般社団法人 情報科学技術協会
雑誌
情報の科学と技術 (ISSN:09133801)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.73, no.9, pp.394-398, 2023-09-01 (Released:2023-09-01)

昨今,知的財産への投資・活用を含めた知財戦略は企業の将来的な経営戦略を見据えた際にとても重要なことであるという意識が強まってきている。しかし経営層と知財部の連携が上手く取れていない,知財部としての体制が整っていない,という企業も少なくない。企業としての知財価値を守り,成長していくために,知財部として,サーチャーとして何ができるのか。本稿では知財業務において効率的に精度の高い特許検索と精査方法,そして知財部としてどのように企業の経営戦略に貢献していくことができるのかについて,弊社が提供しているツールをメインに紹介していく。
著者
高山 和奈 伊藤 仁 小中 英嗣
出版者
一般社団法人 電気学会
雑誌
電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌) (ISSN:03854221)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.143, no.9, pp.979-984, 2023-09-01 (Released:2023-09-01)
参考文献数
21

Soft tennis originated in Japan, is selected as a club activity by many junior and high school students. Several senior elite-level competitions, e. g., nationwide amateur club championships, have been held regularly. These competitions, however, have no clear order of importance between them. Moreover, any ranking of players or pairs based on mathematical evidence has not been established. This paper proposes a novel ranking method for elite-level soft tennis players using match results. The proposed method is based on Colley's method, which can include the opponent and the margin of victory of every match in strength evaluation. The validity of the proposed method is verified based on its prediction performance.
著者
三浦 靖
出版者
公益社団法人 日本食品科学工学会
雑誌
日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.9, pp.484-489, 2012-09-15 (Released:2012-10-31)
参考文献数
9

Retrogradation is a general term for the behavior of recrystallization of gelatinized starches on cooling and storage. This retrogradation is often enhanced when subjected to freezing and thawing treatment. However, few reports have dealt with the effect of additives on the freeze-thaw stability of starch. Therefore, the effects of polyols and emulsifiers on the freeze-thaw stability of starch were investigated using. The polyols and emulsifiers were added at concentrations of 5.0% (w/w) and 0.01% (w/w), respectively, to starch paste (potato starch content, 5.5% (w/w)). The temperature in the chamber was maintained at 30°C for 2 hours. Then, the chamber was cooled to -20°C at a cooling rate of -1.3°C · min-1, and the sample was frozen and stored at the same temperature for 24 hours. The sample was thawed in the chamber at a heating rate of 1.3°C · min-1 to 30°C, and thereafter maintained for 3 hours. The use of the two food additives was successful in improving the freeze-thaw stability of starch. It follows that these effects might be attributed to the water-structure formation effect of polyols and the complexation of starch chains with emulsifier molecules. Demulsification occurs by freeze-thaw processing, and fats and oils tend to separate from oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. It is necessary to improve the freeze-thaw tolerance of emulsifications for the production of frozen emulsified foods. Therefore, the effects of polyols and emulsifiers on the freeze-thaw stability of O/W emulsions were studied. To clearly understand the influence of freeze-thaw processing on the emulsification stability of O/W emulsions (mass ratio: 0.099 oil, 0.896 water, 0.005 emulsifier), emulsions were prepared using fully hydrogenated palm oil, which has proven difficult in preparing emulsions with excellent emulsification stability. The temperature in the chamber was maintained at 25°C for 1.5 hours. Then, the chamber was cooled to -30°C at a cooling rate of -2.0°C · min-1, and the sample was frozen and stored at the same temperature for 24 hours. The sample was thawed in the chamber at a heating rate of 2.0°C · min-1 to 10°C, and thereafter maintained for 4.5 hours. Lipophilic sucrose esters of stearic acid (SES) produced a more stable emulsion. The monoester in SES might migrate to the oil-water interface from the oil phase, and be adsorbed. Di-/tri-esters in SES might penetrate into the oil phase and form tightly packed interfacial layers with monoesters. Polyesters in SES may act to accelerate crystallization and hinder the polymorphic transformation of oil. It appears that the content ratio of monoester/di- and tri-esters/polyesters in SES plays an important role in improving the freeze-thaw tolerance of O/W emulsions. Polyols enhanced the freeze-thaw stability of a soft-serve ice cream mix. This effect might be attributed to the water-structure formation effect of polyols.
著者
Oktay Bilgir Levent Kebapcilar Inci Alacacioglu Ferda Bilgir Yasar Yildiz Arif Yuksel Ismail Sari
出版者
The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine
雑誌
Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.13, pp.1277-1280, 2010 (Released:2010-07-01)
参考文献数
24

Background JAK2V617F, a somatic gain-of-function mutation involving the JAK2 tyrosine kinase gene, occurs in nearly all patients with polycythemia vera (PV). JAK2 is also essential in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis system which is known to play a role in subsequent steroid secretion. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not PV induces subclinical hypercortisolism (SH). Design Cross-sectional study. In order to compare the prevalence of SH in PV and matched control individuals, we performed a case-controlled study, enrolling 31 PV and 20 age- and body mass index-matched patients. Methods and Results Adrenal endocrine function was assessed in a cohort of 31 patients with PV. Baseline serum cortisol levels and 2-day 2 mg DST (dexamethasone suppression test, 0.5 mg dexamethasone orally every 6 hours for two days) showed a trend for higher serum cortisol levels in PV patients than in control subjects. Among the 31 patients, 6 had biological abnormality of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and were diagnosed as subclinical hypercortisolism. None of the subjects in the control group exhibited cortisol responses to DST higher than 50 nmol/L. Discussion In conclusion, a relatively high prevalence of hypercortisolism was found in PV patients. As these observations were in a small cohort of PV, further studies are needed to evaluate HPA axis in PV patients.
著者
Nasratullah GHAFOORI Atsuko MIYAJI Ryoma ITO Shotaro MIYASHITA
出版者
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
雑誌
IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems (ISSN:09168532)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.E106-D, no.9, pp.1407-1422, 2023-09-01
被引用文献数
2

This paper introduces significant improvements over the existing cryptanalysis approaches on Salsa20 and ChaCha stream ciphers. For the first time, we reduced the attack complexity on Salsa20/8 to the lowest possible margin. We introduced an attack on ChaCha7.25. It is the first attack of its type on ChaCha7.25/20. In our approach, we studied differential cryptanalysis of the Salsa20 and ChaCha stream ciphers based on a comprehensive analysis of probabilistic neutral bits (PNBs). The existing differential cryptanalysis approaches on Salsa20 and ChaCha stream ciphers first study the differential bias at specific input and output differential positions and then search for probabilistic neutral bits. However, the differential bias and the set of PNBs obtained in this method are not always the ideal combination to conduct the attack against the ciphers. The researchers have not focused on the comprehensive analysis of the probabilistic neutrality measure of all key bits concerning all possible output difference positions at all possible internal rounds of Salsa20 and ChaCha stream ciphers. Moreover, the relationship between the neutrality measure and the number of inverse quarter rounds has not been scrutinized yet. To address these study gaps, we study the differential cryptanalysis based on the comprehensive analysis of probabilistic neutral bits on the reduced-round Salsa20 and ChaCha. At first, we comprehensively analyze the neutrality measure of 256 key bits positions. Afterward, we select the output difference bit position with the best average neutrality measure and look for the corresponding input differential with the best differential bias. Considering all aspects, we present an attack on Salsa20/8 with a time complexity of 2241.62 and data complexity of 231.5, which is the best-known single bit differential attack on Salsa20/8 and then, we introduced an attack on ChaCha7.25 rounds with a time complexity of 2254.011 and data complexity of 251.81.