著者
吉澤 京助
出版者
お茶の水女子大学大学院人間文化創成科学研究科
雑誌
人間文化創成科学論叢
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, pp.175-182, 2015

The purpose of this paper is to show how the term "Gender Identity Disorder (GID)" has functioned\in Japan since the term spreading to common. Until around the year 2000, when GID has come to be\generally recognized in Japan, transgender were often confused with homosexual. It is the achievement\of the term GID that separating transgender from homosexual with spreading the term gender identity\and sexual orientation. Distinction of these concepts is especially important for transgenders, because\they enable transgender to explain their specific difficulties.\On the other hand, the term GID is causing the following problems. First, the term had been divided\transgenders into two groups: people who are diagnosed with GID and otherwise. Since GID is Medical\disease, the diagnosis by a physician is regarded more important than claim of " patient". Second, in\order to clarify the difference between "fake GID" and "genuine GID", Some people detach GID from\fluidity of gender identity or talk about GID as "correct human" in heteronormativity.\Above two problems are strategies for transgender, placed in the periphery in heteronormative\society, to live better. However, it is necessary to care about non-typical transgender (e.g., gender\queer) who are made further invisible.
著者
海老原 充 榊田 星史 泉 徳和
出版者
石川県立大学
雑誌
石川県立大学年報 : 生産・環境・食品 : バイオテクノロジーを基礎として (ISSN:18819605)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, pp.23-30, 2008-03-31

環境問題の影響は、人間生活のみならず多くの動植物にも及び、様々な動植物種が絶滅の危機に瀕している。2003年に絶滅した日本産のトキをはじめとして、鳥類も例外ではない。こういった絶滅危惧種、あるいは生物資源の維持にためには、性的単一形が多く見られる鳥類の性別鑑別技術が欠かせない。本研究では、これまで鳥種別の条件にて行われることが多かったダチョウ、エミュー、ヒクイドリ、レアなどの走鳥類(平胸類)の雌雄鑑別を同一の条件で行える技術を確立するとともに、より簡便な羽軸からの安定したDNA調製を試みた。ダチョウ4個体、エミュー44個体、ヒクイドリ5個体、レア4個体、合計57個体から羽軸を採取しDNAを調製後、PCRによる雌雄鑑別を行ったところ、50個体において可能であった。雌雄鑑別が困難であった7個体中5個体は、同一個体の異なる羽軸を用いて再度DNAを調製することで雌雄鑑別が可能であった。さらに、雌雄鑑別に用いた性染色体特異配列kWl由来のPCR増幅物は、ヒクイドリ科に属するヒクイドリとエミューにおいてのみ、Z染色体上で重複が起きていることが観察された。これにより、ヒクイドリ科に属するヒクイドリとエミューのkW1配列は、系統分類上、ダチョウ科やレア科と分岐したのちに重複が起きたこと、さらに鳥類の性決定はZ染色体の発現量の影響を受けることから、性決定候補遺伝子探索のマーカーになる可能性が示唆された。
著者
小暮 厚之
出版者
千葉大学
雑誌
千葉大学経済研究 (ISSN:09127216)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, no.2, pp.91-112, 1995-09-27

For the estimation of stochastic differential equiations from discretely sampled data, the traditional approach in the econometric literature is to use a discretization of the original continuous-time model. In this paper we discuss some problems on the traditional approach and introduce an alternative estimation method, which is free from the discretization.
著者
GRAWE Gudrun
出版者
立命館大学国際言語文化研究所
雑誌
立命館言語文化研究 (ISSN:09157816)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.29, no.3, pp.155-173, 2018-01
著者
二枝 美津子
出版者
京都教育大学
雑誌
京都教育大学紀要 (ISSN:03877833)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.114, pp.105-119, 2009-03

態は文法範疇であり能動態と受動態に区別されている。それぞれ能動構文と受動構文で表されると言われているが,統語・形態的な違いに基づいた区分と意味が一致しない場合が少なくない。能動態と受動態をつなぐ中動態を考慮にいれることで,態の範疇の新しい面が見えてくる。本論文では,類型論の視点にたって中動態をもつ言語から中動態の本質をさぐり,認知言語学の視点から能動態・受動態との事態の捉え方の違いをみていく。中動態は能動態より他動性が弱く,中動態の本質は本来他動詞の参与者の始点と終点の区別が不可能か必要ない場合に生じる自動詞化であることを明らかにする。そのため中動態の主語は動作の始点と終点の両方の意味をもつ。本来の自動詞と自動詞化された中動態の違いは,前者では参与者が一つと捉えているのに対して,後者では参与者を二つと捉えてはいるが,精緻化の段階でどちらかをトラジェクターとして区別しないため,参与者は一つとして言語化される。It has been said that voice category is distinguished into the active and the passive. Active constructions belong to the active and passive constructions to the passive. But in some cases a meaning does not correspond to the constructions which are regarded as natural. A new aspect of voice category is revealed by establishing the middle voice which is connected with the active and the passive. In this paper the nature of the middle is investigated from the point of typology, and the way of construing the situation will be clarified from the viewpoint of cognitive grammar. In the middle transitivity is less than the active, and the middle is intransitivized from the active in the case where a starting point and an endpoint are not distinguishable. The subject of the middle has a meaning of an agent and a theme. The difference between the true-intransitive and the intransivized one is that the former is recognized as having one participant. In the latter, one participant of the two is elaborated as a subject because of their indistinguishability, though both participants are recognized.
著者
吉田晃敏
雑誌
新医療
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, pp.60-62, 1997
被引用文献数
1
著者
山根 幸夫
出版者
東京女子大学
雑誌
東京女子大學論集 (ISSN:04934350)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, no.1, pp.1-15, 1968-09-01

The relation between Japan and China had been very close for a long time in culture. But after Meiji Restoration, as Japan had learned to take in Western civilization, Japanese people began to look down upon China with contempt. Especially after the victory in the Sino-Japanese War, the tendency became remarkable. The author is going to examine the opinions of Japanese scholors who studied China at that time. So the author takes up a historian, Konan Naito and a political scientist, Sakuzo Yoshino, and attempts to compare what each of them regarded the two serious events-the Hsin-hai Revolution and the May Fourth Movement-in Chinese modern history. Naito would not understand at all the new political situation happening in China because of his old view of China only viewing it from the point of national interest. On the other hand Yoshino tried to grasp the tendency of political reform in China just as it was. Specially in regard to the May Fourth Movement he showed a very precise understanding. In Japan of those days, however, the understanding as shown by Naito was easier for Japanese people to accept. Because it was derived from the Japanese national interest. The author concludes that the reason why the general point of view of the Japanese people for China was distorted, was that it was based on the national interest.