著者
大城 美樹雄
出版者
経営哲学学会
雑誌
経営哲学 (ISSN:18843476)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.2, pp.90-96, 2020-10-31 (Released:2021-06-08)
参考文献数
13

立命館大学にて開催された第36回経営哲学学会全国大会において統一論題として報告した内容に発表後の質疑応答等にて指摘を受けたことを踏まえて、まとめた。統一論題として掲げられた「地域活性化に向けたイノベーション:民間・自治体・N P Oの取り組みに着目して」ということを基に、自治体としての沖縄県の取り組みについて紹介し、沖縄と経営哲学の関係性についても論じた。沖縄県の取り組みとしては、商工労働部アジア経済戦略課における、次の2つの視点から沖縄県の地域イノベーションを推進しているのであるが、1) 沖縄県アジア経済戦略構想、2) 沖縄国際物流ハブ活用推進事業、のうち今回は、1) の取り組みについて考察した。さらに、これらの事業を展開するうえで、次のような5つの重点戦略を策定していた。①アジアをつなぐ、国際競争力ある物流拠点の形成、②世界水準の観光リゾート地の実現、③航空関連産業クラスターの形成、④アジア有数の国際情報通信拠点“スマートハブ”の形成、⑤沖縄からアジアへとつながる新たなものづくり産業の推進、以上5つである。また、特に島袋は「生命の尊厳を最高の価値基準とする」という表現にもあるように、「生命」に対する畏敬の念は強く持っていた。その思想、信条、哲学は、どこからきたのか、どこへ行くのか、について説明を丁寧に行なった。沖縄出身の島袋にとって、「ぬちどぅ宝(命こそ宝である)」ということは、沖縄が経験した「唯一の地上戦」ということのみならず、自らの戦争体験から出陣の際に「死」を覚悟したことにより、さらに強く「生命」への想いが強くなり、その「想い」は、経営哲学学会へと結実するのである。また、今年は、図らずしも本学会創設者の島袋嘉昌の生誕100周年(1920年 大正9年生まれ)という記念の年となっており、その意味でも、沖縄と経営哲学に関する創設者の「想い」を論ずるにふさわしい年となっている。
著者
高尾 義明
出版者
経営哲学学会
雑誌
経営哲学 (ISSN:18843476)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.2, pp.2-16, 2020-10-31 (Released:2021-06-08)
参考文献数
47
被引用文献数
1

Wrzesniewski and Dutton(2001)によって提唱されたジョブ・クラフティング概念は、現代の組織における仕事の絶えざる変化に対する従業員の能動性の発揮を描写するために有効な概念として定着しつつある。しかし、ジョブ・クラフティングというターム自体が魅力的であったことで多くの研究者を惹きつけた一方で、彼女らが示したジョブ・クラフティングの思想は後続の研究においては必ずしも精確に読み取られてこなかった。こうした事態はジョブ・クラフティング研究の発展を妨げている。そこで本研究では、ジョブ・クラフティング概念を提示したWrzesniewski and Dutton(2001)を学説史的な流れを踏まえて再検討し、彼女らが提示した既存研究に対する新奇性を明確にする。それらの新奇性とは、(1)従業員の能動性の強調、(2)認知的ジョブ・クラフティングの提唱、(3)仕事の意味やワーク・アイデンティティといった従業員の主観的経験の継続的な変化の焦点化である。次に、それらの新奇性を現在のジョブ・クラフティング研究がどの程度引き継いでいるかを確認する。第1の新奇性は既存研究において最も基本的な前提と見なされているものの、多くの実証研究は第2の新奇性を継承しておらず、第3の新奇性を継承している研究はごくわずかである。最後に、以上を踏まえてジョブ・クラフティング研究のいっそうの発展に向けた示唆を提示する。
著者
佐藤 英麿 長尾 吉正 野々村 浩光 古田 昭春 猿井 宏 苅谷 達也 長田 紀淳 澤田 重樹 後藤 紘司
出版者
一般社団法人 日本透析医学会
雑誌
日本透析医学会雑誌 (ISSN:13403451)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.1, pp.51-56, 2015 (Released:2015-01-28)
参考文献数
21

塩酸セベラマー (セベラマー) はリン (P) を吸着するだけでなく, 透析患者の動脈硬化の進展を抑制するという可能性が指摘されている. 今回, セベラマーを7年以上, 血中P濃度を調節するため服用している血液透析 (HD) 患者の動脈硬化に与える影響について検討した. 対象は, セベラマーを7年間服用したHD患者 (投与群) 22名と年齢, 性, 糖尿病の有無, 透析歴を適合した非投与群22名である. 定期的に, 足関節/上腕血圧比 (ankle brachial pressure index: ABI), 脈波伝播速度 (brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity: baPWV), non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) を測定し, 動脈硬化に与える影響について検討した. 投与群では, ABI, baPWVともに経年的に有意な変化は認められなかった. 非投与群では投与群に比較して, ABIは3年後より低下し, baPWVは5年後より上昇した. Non-HDL-Cは投与群では1年後より低下し, 非投与群との間に有意差が認められた. ABI, PWVの変化とnon-HDL-Cの変化との間に相関はなく, CRPはABIと負の, PWVと正の有意な相関を認めた. 以上より, セベラマーは血液透析患者の血清Pを低下させるだけではなく, 脂質代謝と炎症に関連し, 動脈硬化指標の増悪を抑制する可能性が示された.
著者
橋口 勝利
出版者
経営史学会
雑誌
経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.4, pp.3-28, 2019 (Released:2022-03-30)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the way to construct the production organization with Power room factory in the Bisai area. During the WWI, the demand for woolen fabric rapidly increased, so the weavers changed the main products from cotton fabrics or silk-cotton fabrics to woolen fabrics. At the same time, a lot of modern factories with power rooms were born. Since the 1920s, as western clothes spread in Japan, the demand for woolen fabrics has increased more and more. Therefore, Suzuki Kamajiro – an influential Textile manufacturer – executed the manufacturing a wide range of products by changing the products in accordance with the season.In addition, Suzuki Kamajiro gave the female workers a role to produce different types of woolen fabrics and paid the salary in proportion to their production and the number of working days. The female workers were motivated to work longer and harder for receiving bonus. The Suzukama-factory recruiters hired female workers from rural areas in Gifu and Mie prefectures, and adapted them to a working environment of the factory by controlling their dormitory life and factory work. As a result, the female workers were trained as factory workers and came to contribute to the factory management. In this way, the Bisai area had developed dramatically as the main production center of woolen textiles in Japan.
著者
大坪 稔
出版者
経営史学会
雑誌
経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.2, pp.5-22, 2019 (Released:2021-09-30)

The number of Japanese firms adopting a pure holding company system has increased since changes to the anti-trust law in 1997. This study investigates how adopting the pure holding company system changes the management of Japanese firms. Since the changes in anti-trust laws, many researchers have highlighted the merits of a pure holding company, such as efficient internal capital market, easy Mergers and Acquisitions (M&As), and easy divestiture. This study expects that adopting the pure holding company form drastically changes the scales of business departments, which enhances their performance, that is, a pure holding company results in the corporate restructuring of business departments.The results of the empirical study reveal the following four facts. First, firms with lower performance tend to adopt the pure holding company system. Second, firms adopting thepure holding company tend to reduce the scale of major business segments, which lower firm performance. These results indicate that Japanese firms adopt the pure holding company system to reduce the scale of major business segments with lower performance. Third, M&As increase the scale of non-major business segments; in other words, they increase product diversification. Simultaneously, firms adopting the pure holding company system do not increase the number of M&As after adoption. Although M&As contribute to the growth of non-major business segments, firms adopting a pure holding company system do not increase the number of M&As after adoption. Finally, the decrease of major business segments improves the performance of firms with a pure holding company system.
著者
川本 真哉 河西 卓弥 齋藤 隆志
出版者
経営史学会
雑誌
経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.2, pp.23-39, 2019 (Released:2021-09-30)

Mergers of regional banks through pure holding companies have been increasing since the latter 1990s. Such mergers were examined for this study, with emphasis on determinants of such mergers and banks’ post-merger business performance.A cause of the increase in mergers is that, in addition to the conventional methods of mergers, a ban on the method using a bank holding company was lifted in 1998. In advance of empirical analysis, we reviewed changes in bank mergers after lifting of the ban. We categorized merger methods into (1) business consolidation, (2) combination by establishing a holding company, and (3) purchase of a bank by an existing holding company, which revealed that many mergers in recent years used the second method.Subsequently, we examined determinants of becoming a merging bank and a merged bank. Our estimation revealed that a regional bank with low local market power and particularly intense competition with large banks was more likely to become a merging bank. The results for efficiency suggest that a bank that had raised profitability through a merger was less likely to become a merged bank. Another finding was that a bank with a high baddebt ratio was more likely to participate in a merger as a merged bank.Additionally, we divided and assessed the sample to ascertain whether the form of merger and other conditions created differences in the subsequent business performance. First, results suggest that, as forms of merger, business consolidation was more likely to promote corporate downsizing than establishing a holding company. Secondly, analysis of the holding company method performed by dividing sellers and buyers revealed an increase in buyers’ net interest spread and sellers’ rationalization effects. Differences between mergers within an area and between areas included net interest spread growth in the former and active restructuring in the latter.
著者
水野 敦洋
出版者
経営史学会
雑誌
経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.54, no.1, pp.3-22, 2019 (Released:2021-06-30)

The present study clarifies the actual condition of overseas expansion of products and production of the pre-war Japanese miscellaneous goods industry by highlighting the relationship between the trading companies and manufacturers as a case example of the match industry developed in the Hanshin area (Kobe and Osaka). Two leading match makers of different development types were selected for the purpose of this study. The study period spans from around the 1900s, when match export from Japan advanced, to the early 1920s, when it entered a stagnant phase.In 1900, majority of the match exports from Japan were carried out by Chinese merchants residing in the Hanshin area. Therefore, trade with Chinese merchants was inevitable for match makers at the time to send products to overseas markets. At the same time, however, Mitsui Bussan, a leading trading company in Japan, entered the match export business with the aim of restoring commercial rights from Chinese merchants. Therefore, various types of match makers emerged, such as those linked to Chinese merchants and those to Mitsui. Both match makers stimulated industry development through competition and cooperation.However, during the recession of the 1920s following the First World War, the growth of both the match makers diverged. Match manufacturers linked to Chinese merchants aggressively expanded overseas production to China, Korea, and India, which were previously product export destinations. However, similar attempts by match manufacturers linked to Mitsui were not very successful. These case examples show that the link with Chinese merchants established through the export of products until that time was strong even when match makers launched overseas production.
著者
伊藤 輝美
出版者
経営史学会
雑誌
経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.53, no.4, pp.3-27, 2018 (Released:2021-03-30)
被引用文献数
1

The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to elucidate why the national power company, Electric Power Development Company (J-POWER) began promoting a business model centered on use of large-scale, overseas-coal-fired thermal power stations, turning back the clock on the energy revolution, wherein Japan, preceding the oil crisis, shifted away from coal to imported oil; (2) to explore why J-POWER succeeded in the commercial operation of the Matsushima Thermal Power Station (500 MW×2 Units) in 1981; and (3) to interrogate why J-POWER challenged the research and development of cutting-edge thermal power technologies like flue gas desulfurization, selective catalytic reduction of NOx, and ultra-supercritical steam generation using boiler-turbines. Nine electric power companies (NEPC) were established by the reorganization of the electric power industry in 1951. NEPC had four key characteristics: private management, vertical integration, nine regional divisions, and monopoly. In 1952, however, J-POWER was founded by a government initiative, The Electric Development Promotion Law, to overcome post-war power shortages and to increase the supply of electricity in Japan following World War II. J-POWER is the only large-scale wholesale power company in Japan that has power stations and a nationwide network of transmission lines that connect each domestic region. NEPC actively developed large-scale, oil-fired power stations during Japan’s energy revolution. Before the oil crisis, the autonomy of NEPC worked well, as an economic and stable electricity supply had been realized. Despite this, J-POWER made an effort to promote a business model employing the large-scale import of coal for coal-fired thermal power stations, to turn back the clock on the energy revolution. After the oil crisis, J-POWER demonstrated that the Matsushima Thermal Power Station could indeed generate more economical electricity than an oil-fired power station. As such, J-POWER aggressively developed power stations fueled by overseas coal on a large scale to supply to NEPC in tune with the needs of the time. Several studies about the Japanese power industry were published and mainly focused on NEPC. These studies recognized coal as a natural resource that had taken a beating by other natural energy sources, such as oil and liquefied natural gas. In doing so, however, these studies disregarded J-POWER’s above-mentioned activities and its role in the energy industry.
著者
SONG Shan OKAMOTO Kohei
出版者
The Association of Japanese Geographers
雑誌
Geographical review of Japan series B (ISSN:18834396)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.93, no.2, pp.31-49, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-03-31)
参考文献数
40
被引用文献数
2 2

The Shanghai household registered population is highly aged. The elderly occupy a large proportion and continues to increase because of the aging of the generations of one-child families. This study examines the influential factors in the elder care decision-making process of those households with registered elderly people, focusing on changing notions of elder care and changing parent–child relationships. In-depth interviews were conducted with both nursing home residents and community dwelling elderly individuals in downtown Shanghai. Our analysis of the interviews identified three main issues regarding elder care. First, the traditional Filial Piety is changing in response to modern society. Second, family members’ inability to provide elder care, the burdens of maintaining an independent household, and nursing home features and conditions are the main factors influencing the decision to enter a nursing home. Third, Filial Piety continues to be expressed through close residential distances between parents and children and a high visit frequency of children’s visits to elderly parents.
著者
近藤 寛子 吉田 紀生 城田 松之
出版者
分子シミュレーション学会
雑誌
アンサンブル (ISSN:18846750)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, no.4, pp.283-289, 2019-10-31 (Released:2020-10-31)
参考文献数
21

電位依存性カリウムチャネルは細胞膜の脱分極により活性化されカリウムイオンを選択的に透過する.C型不活性化はチャネルの不活性化機構の1種であり,脱分極状態が続くことにより引き起こされるが,その分子機構はわかっていない.そこで,脱分極直後にC型不活性化が起こるためにイオン透過が殆ど見られないKv1.2のW366F変異体を対象とし,分子動力学(MD)シミュレーションにより電場中での動態を解析した.本稿では,MDシミュレーションおよび3D-RISM理論による解析結果から電位依存的な不活性化の機構を考察する.
著者
北村 英哉 三浦 麻子 松尾 朗子
出版者
公益社団法人 日本心理学会
雑誌
日本心理学会大会発表論文集 日本心理学会第84回大会 (ISSN:24337609)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.PC-051, 2020-09-08 (Released:2021-12-08)

清浄志向/穢れ忌避(POPA)傾向は,人の道徳基盤のひとつをなし,しかも直観的に日常的態度に反映される。穢れ意識が差別行為と結びつくことが指摘されてきたが(礫川,2007),現代においても移民排斥態度,不安感が関連を有するのか検討を行う。体系的な各年代サンプルで,高年齢層ほどPOPA傾向が高いかの検討も合わせてWeb調査を行った。チェックを通過した402名(うち女性211名,年齢M=46.78)から有効な回答を得た。4因子(精神清浄・信心尊重・身体清浄・感染忌避)の中で,精神清浄と身体清浄において高年齢ほどPOPA傾向が高かった。さらに,移民不安を目的変数とし,POPA各因子と年齢,性別その交互作用を説明変数として重回帰分析を行った。その結果,精神清浄以外の効果が有意で仮説は概ね支持された。また,男性の方が移民不安をより示す傾向があり,特に信心尊重傾向が高いと移民不安が高い傾向が見られた(性別×信心尊重交互作用β=-.128)。信心尊重や感染忌避傾向が移民排斥態度に通じる重要な知見を示し,外集団との関係において,こうした個人差変数,あるいは特定状況下で上昇しやすい傾向性に着目した検討も有効性と意義のあることが示された。