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In summing up the activities of the Royal Dutch/Shell Group in the thirties, we can point out their conservative characters on all fields. For instance the Gorup had taken a share of about 11 per cent in the world crude oil production constantly and had enjoyed a sound financial result in this hard decade. In this essay the author sketches a short economic and business history of the Group in terms of their cartel or cooperative movements in the thirties and wants to add a short supplement to the famous International Petroleum Cartel (1952). In the middle of the twenties the world economy had been growing year by year, but things changed gradually in the petroleum industry. Among many firms the Group was the quickest to see the writing on the wall, overproduction of crude oil, and to persuade cooperation to each other. By their effort the 'Achnacarry' or 'As is' Agreement of 1928, the spirit of the most comprehensive cartel agreement in this industry, was shown. The petroleum industry consists of crude oil production, reffining, transportation and marketing. As time went on the essence of the 'Achnacary' Agreement was spread over all these fields. Without this in their integrated fields, the international petroleum cartel could not attain their purpose.With this Agreement the Big Three-Standard - NJ, Anglo-Persian and the Group - tried to limit the competition in production (Middle East and Venezuela) and in marketing (Europe artd Asia). The depressing thirties were the time of development of petrochemical industry and the time of technocrats. In petrochemical field the Group was running the top, and in this field cartels or patents had played the most important roles. Moreover cartel movements were not limited in these firms, IG Farben, ICI and Du Pont also wanted to make international and inter-industry cooperations among one another. As for technocrats the Group owed much to them. By Kessler, Cohen, De Kok and Pijzel the Group succeeded to establish MEKOG in Holland and Shell Chemical in California. Last but not least, tanker transportation has been the most important means of carrying oil from producing to consuming countries, and the Group was the biggest tanker owner oil company at that time. But even for them it was essential to keep tanker freight rates as high as possible. In 1934, after the failure of the Tankskibscontralen of Norwegian, the International Tanker Owners Association was started, and it was entirely certain that if the Majors of oil companies had not entered in, this cartel, its success would have been doubtful. In this tanker pool the Kessler plan came into being at last.

2020-01-05 21:33:31
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1 0 0 0 現代資本主義と国際石油カルテル-7-強化されたOPECとメジャ-

著者: 宮嶋信夫
出版者: 日本評論社
雑誌: 経済評論 (ISSN:02878801)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.24, no.4, pp.p128-138, 1975-04

2020-01-05 21:33:03
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40000903552

1 0 0 0 戦後の国際石油カルテル

著者: 柴照子
出版者: 東京女子大学社会学会
雑誌: 東京女子大学社会学会紀要経済と社会経済と社会 (ISSN:03864014)
巻号頁・発行日: no.15, pp.p53-60, 1987-02

2020-01-05 21:32:51
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40002594800

1 0 0 0 修養夜話

著者: 吉丸一昌著
出版者: 文成社
巻号頁・発行日: 1910

2020-01-05 21:32:44
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1 0 0 0 現代資本主義と国際石油カルテル-5-石油独占の暗躍とモサデク政権

著者: 宮嶋信夫
出版者: 日本評論社
雑誌: 経済評論 (ISSN:02878801)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.24, no.2, pp.p131-143, 1975-02

2020-01-05 21:32:16
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40000903609

1 0 0 0 ホメイニ家の憂うつ (特集中東を変えた「1979年」)

著者: 久保健一
出版者: 日本アラブ協会
雑誌: 季刊アラブ
巻号頁・発行日: no.130, pp.8-10, 2009

2020-01-05 21:31:10
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https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/40016832313

1 0 0 0 古都に眠る千年の地下水脈:-悠久の雅を支える地下水-

著者: 楠見晴重
出版者: 日本醸造協会
雑誌: 日本醸造協会誌 (ISSN:09147314)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.109, no.1, pp.36-43, 2014
被引用文献数: 1

京都盆地の地下には約211億トンという,琵琶湖に匹敵する豊富な水量の水瓶(京都水盆)がある。この京都水盆へは,京都府から滋賀県,三重県にまたがる7,050km2の地域に降った雨から毎年45億トンが供給される。<br>平安京の昔から1200年間,京都の文化や伝統産業,たとえば茶道,京友禅,京豆腐や湯葉,伏見や京都の酒造りをこの良質で豊富な地下水が育んできた。<br>この大切な地下水資源を将来にわたって守り抜くために,著者は3次元地質構造モデルを作成され,地下水汚染対策に利用されています。<br>地球上では水不足が進行しており,2025年には48カ国17億人が深刻な水不足になると予想されている。この大切な水を守るために京都や日本から発信する必要があると述べられています。