著者

宮永雄太郎 著

出版者

宮永正卜館

巻号頁・発行日

1914

著者

後藤 敏行

巻号頁・発行日

2022-10-27

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会議名:令和4年度学校司書研修開催場所(もしくは開催方法):Zoomによるオンライン研修(所属校にて受講)主催:宮城県教育委員会開催日:2022年10月27日

著者

谷藤 静広

出版者

公益社団法人 日本コンクリート工学会

雑誌

コンクリート工学 (ISSN:03871061)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.57-61, 1987-01-01 (Released:2013-04-26)

著者

大松 勉

出版者

獣医疫学会

雑誌

獣医疫学雑誌 (ISSN:13432583)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.70-74, 2020-12-20 (Released:2021-10-21)

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Bat (Order Chiroptera) is thought to be a natural reservoir of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, which is currently a problem all over the world. Bat is also known as natural hosts for other important infectious disease agensts including Ebola virus and Nipah virus, and epidemiological studies on bats and researches on bat-specific viral tolerance systems are underway worldwide. This review describes that the pathogens detected in bats, the biological characteristics of bats, and where they can be seen. In addition, I explain that the epidemiological study on bats in the Philippines, which is a joint research in microbiology, epidemiology, and ecology.

著者

岡村志嘉子

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

外国の立法 : 立法情報・翻訳・解説 (ISSN:13492071)

巻号頁・発行日

no.275, 2018-03

著者

宇宙科学研究本部

出版者

宇宙航空研究開発機構

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006年度, 2007-12

著者

寺崎 昌男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育学会

雑誌

教育学研究 (ISSN:03873161)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.230-232, 1985-06-30 (Released:2009-01-13)

著者

Meiyu Zhang Taro Miura Shunsuke Suzuki Masako Chiyotanda Sachiko Tanaka Kentaro Sugiyama Hisashi Kawashima Toshihiko Hirano

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.7-17, 2021-01-01 (Released:2021-01-01)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3 4

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Vitamin K2 is suggested to have a suppressive effect on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pediatric atopic dermatitis patients. We examined the molecular targets of vitamin K2 to suppress proliferation and cytokine production in T-cell mitogen-activated PBMCs of atopic dermatitis patients from the viewpoint of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling molecules. The study population included 16 pediatric vitamin K2 patients and 21 healthy subjects. The effect of vitamin K2 on concanavalin A-activated PBMC proliferation was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cell counting assays. T-helper (Th)1/Th2/Th17 cytokine profiles in plasma and PBMC-culture supernatants were analyzed by a cytometric beads array assay. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling molecules in concanavalin A-activated PBMCs were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays. At 10–100 µM, vitamin K2 significantly suppressed the proliferation of mitogen-activated PBMCs derived from atopic dermatitis patients and healthy subjects (p < 0.05). The interleukin (IL)-10 concentrations in plasma and the PBMC culture supernatants of atopic dermatitis patients were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects (p < 0.05). The IL-2 concentrations in the culture supernatants of atopic dermatitis PBMCs were significantly lower than those of healthy PBMCs (p < 0.05). Vitamin K2 significantly inhibited the IL-17A, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production (p < 0.05), and increased the IL-2 production (p < 0.01) in the culture supernatant of atopic dermatitis PBMCs. At 10–100 µM, vitamin K2 markedly decreased the of Mek1, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and SAPK/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) expression in atopic dermatitis PBMCs (p < 0.05). Vitamin K2 is suggested to attenuate activated T-cell immunity in atopic dermatitis patients through the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase-Mek1-ERK1/2 and SAPK/JNK signaling pathways.

著者

樋口 陽一

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1981, pp.1-16, 1982-10-30 (Released:2008-11-17)

参考文献数

4

著者

黄 幸

出版者

地理科学学会

雑誌

地理科学 (ISSN:02864886)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.2, pp.56-79, 2017-08-28 (Released:2018-08-19)

参考文献数

119

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Gentrification, firstly coined by British sociologist Ruth Glass, refers to a process of spatial reconstruction with social class upgrading, which focuses on class differentiation and its spatial effect. Nowadays, this process has evolved and mutated along with the transformation of the urban development all over the world. Therefore, this paper aims to review and analyze the changes of gentrification research and its regional expansion.This paper first examines the evolution of the gentrification's definition and the applicability of this term. It then reviews the mutation of gentrification around the 2000s in terms of forms and locations. These results have shown that a broader definition of gentrification has been advocated by most scholars nowadays. After that, it looks at the relationship between gentrification and public policy, and finds that the state has played an important role in the process of gentrification, which is a distinct characteristic of contemporary gentrification. Furthermore, it turns to review the issues of gentrifiers and displacement which have changed and diversified over the past decades. In addition, specific emphasis and reviews have been given to East Asian countries and districts (Korea, China, Hong Kong and Taiwan) where gentrification research has taken off recently and increased dramatically. Research into gentrification in East Asia provides a new theoretical insight and alternative perspectives towards contemporary gentrification. Finally, this paper summarizes the conclusion ans expects the further research on gentrification in East Asia.

著者

松井 一彰

出版者

日本原生生物学会

雑誌

原生動物学雑誌 (ISSN:03883752)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.1-2, pp.31-43, 2015 (Released:2016-08-01)

参考文献数

100

被引用文献数

1

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays an important role in bacterial evolution and the exchange of genetic material between different species and genera. Recently, whole genome analysis demonstrated that HGT also played an important role in the diversification of all three domains of organisms. Bacterial HGTs are mediated by one of three mechanisms: transformation, conjugation, or transduction. In addition to these distinct mechanisms, gene transfer agent (GTA) or membrane vesicles (MV) mediate a transduction-like process that has been reported as an alternative HGT process. The occurrence of HGT has been confirmed by both laboratory and field studies. Both biotic and abiotic parameters affect the success of gene transfer events in natural environments. However, the frequency and the role of HGT in natural environments are currently not well understood due to the difficult nature of defining the experimental conditions required in order to elucidate this important parameter in HGT events. This knowledge will help in the estimation of the emergence of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria and the potential consequences of the environmental usage of genetically modified bacteria for bioremediation purposes. The aim of this review was to summarize the brief history of HGT and the biotic factors that may affect the frequency of HGT in the ecosystem.

著者

石塚 良次

出版者

経済理論学会

雑誌

季刊経済理論 (ISSN:18825184)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.6-16, 2011-07-20 (Released:2017-04-25)

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1) Theory of alienation and concept of subject The purpose of this paper is to discuss on how Wataru Hiromatsu's theory of reification contributes development of economics. He conceptualized transition from the early to the late Marx as 'from the theory of alienation to the theory of reification'. This transition isn't just in wording but the change in paradigm. The alienation theory presupposes the subject-object schema, because alienation originally meant the process in which human essence spilled out into object (objectification), and the object turning against the subject as a hostile and alien force (alienation). The whole alienation theory had to be abandoned once the subject-object schema was abandoned, and got relationalist worldview in which the relation is given ontological priority. According to Hiromatsu, Marx's Labor Theory of Value does not presuppose subject/object schema, but reification theory. Traditional Marxian economists insist that each commodity have inherent value because worker (subject) embodied or materialized his abstract labor, substance of value, to commodity (object). But substance of value is not prior to exchange relations, but reification of relationship between persons and things. Value is not just relations (or idea) but reificated relations. Commodity producers treat as if value is something substantial inherent to individual commodity. It is not just illusion, but social fact (Emile Durkheim) with sozialen Macht (Marx). We need to sublate (aufheben) both the 'society substantialism'-'individual substantialism'. 2) The game theoretic approach to Marxian theory of alienation Tadasu Matsuo attempts to reconstruct Marx's theoretical system as the alienation theory, which, in turn, interpreted in terms of game theory, neoclassical framework. Game theory provides a model for social institutions and cooperation between individuals. It assumes that people are rational actors. But we don't think this theoretical framework does explain social norm as it really is. Social norm is not something rationally selected. Rational actors are not real agent but theoretical fictions. Matsuo stand on the side of 'individual substantialism', we mentioned above. 3) Criminal liability and rational agent Criminal law refers a theoretical person in the society who shows average judgment, because only rational person can be liable. If he or she does not intend to do it, he or she is not guilty. Crime is not just a bodily movement but must be voluntary act droved by inherent motivation, criminal intent. But this kind of view is very modern, not historically universal. The reason why criminal law require fictional agent is very similar to economics. One of the basic facts of modern psychology is that ultimate driving force behind human behavior is not free will but involuntary unconsciousness. 4) Economics and evaluational agent Assumption of homoeconomicus received a lot of criticism, because of its unreality. Actually, it is not empirical notion but axiom of neoclassical microeconomics. Economics is not only empirical science but also normative science, making economic policy. So you need theoretical benchmark to judge its adequacy. Subject in the theory of alienation is equivalent of homoeconomics in neoclassical microeconomics. Both theory adopt methodological individualism, so benchmark must be individual, rational agent. 5) Unalienated society? Matsuo considers unalienated society, depending each other with mutual consent, is desirable. But it is not feasible and desirable. We should rather accept minimum level reification.

著者

市川三升<市川団十郎(2世 1688生)>//〔編〕,英一蜂<英一蜂(1世 1691生)>,小川破笠//〔画〕

巻号頁・発行日

vol.甲, 1830

著者

伊藤 百合子 荒川 奈津枝 高村 あゆみ 森光 康次郎 久保田 紀久枝

出版者

公益社団法人 日本食品科学工学会

雑誌

日本食品科学工学会誌 (ISSN:1341027X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.121-129, 2006-02-15 (Released:2007-03-07)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

3 4

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1.スウィーティオパイナップルはレギュラーパイナップルに比べ豊かな香りが特徴であるが,香気成分量的にも顕著に多いことが確認された.また,上,中,下部の香気成分量に大きな違いがなく,最も少ない上部においても,レギュラーよりも香気成分量が多いことがわかった.2.フラネオール含量はいずれのパイナップルにおいても高い含有量を示すが,レギュラーでは,フラネオールの含有量が,突出しているのが特徴であるのに対し,スウィーティオでは,フラネオールの他に,3-(メチルチオ)プロパン酸メチル,メシフラン,ヘキサン酸メチル,4-ヘキサノライド,2-メチルブタン酸メチルおよびヘキサン酸エチルの含有量が高く,全体の成分組成のバランスが両パイナップル香気の違いに関与していると考察された.3.AEDA法およびodor unitによりスウィーティオパイナップルの香気寄与成分を抽出すると,量的な主成分であったフラノン類,含S化合物などに加えて短鎖のエステル類である2-メチルブタン酸メチルと2-メチルブタン酸エチルが重要成分として抽出された.4.2-メチルブタン酸メチルと2-メチルブタン酸エチルの立体配置について検討した結果,スウィーティオパイナップルでは,それぞれ97.4% eeおよび100.0% ee, レギュラーパイナップルでは99.0% eeおよび100.0% eeで(S)-体を主成分としていることを確認した.5.高いodor unitを示した2-メチルブタン酸メチルと2-メチルブタン酸エチルについて,ラセミ体を用いてであるがレギュラージュースへの添加実験を行い,官能評価を行った結果,この2種類のエステルを添加することにより,“広がりのある”,“さわやかな”および“果実様の”香りが強められ,スウィーティオパイナップルの香りに類似することが確認され,重要成分であることが分かった.

著者

山本亡羊

出版者

北村屋太助[ほか]

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[4], 1838

著者

山内 幹夫

出版者

国立歴史民俗博物館

雑誌

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 = Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History (ISSN:02867400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.154-174, 1992-03-31

著者

佐々木 麗

出版者

北海道大学大学院法学研究科

雑誌

北大法政ジャーナル

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.95-130, 2019-12-05

著者

田山花袋 著

出版者

花袋全集刊行会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第14巻, 1937

著者

総理廳, 文部省 編

出版者

印刷廳

巻号頁・発行日

1949

著者

田路,坦

出版者

造船協會

雑誌

造船協會會報

巻号頁・発行日

no.31, 1922-12-28