著者
逢坂 美冬 上野 雄大 大堀 淳
出版者
日本ソフトウェア科学会
雑誌
コンピュータ ソフトウェア (ISSN:02896540)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, no.3, pp.3_79-3_95, 2018-07-25 (Released:2018-09-25)

一般にWebアプリケーションにおけるWebページの動的生成は,テンプレートエンジンを用い,事前に用意されたテンプレートに対して動的に値を埋め込むことで行う.テンプレートはテキストファイルとして用意され,実行時に読み込まれる.そのため,テンプレートに対する操作は一般に型無しの文字列操作となる.従って,たとえホスト言語が強い型付けを持つ関数型言語であったとしても,実際のテンプレート構造とプログラムの想定の間の不整合は静的に検出されない.本論文では,動的に読み込まれるテンプレートに対して,部分動的レコードに基づく動的型検査を行うことで,型付きのテンプレート操作を実現する言語機構を提案する.この機構は,テンプレートにホール名をラベルとするMLの部分動的レコード型を与え,テンプレートに値を埋め込む操作をレコードの更新演算と同様に型付けする.テンプレートに存在しないホールへの値の埋め込みは型エラーとなる.プログラムが想定するテンプレートの型と実際のテンプレートの構造の整合性は,テンプレートファイル読み込み時に動的に検査する.本論文ではさらに,この機構をML系関数型言語SML#のコンパイラを拡張することで実装し,実例を通じて実用性を検証するとともに,実用上の課題について議論する.
著者
武村 厚
出版者
The Vacuum Society of Japan
雑誌
真空 (ISSN:05598516)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.10, pp.884-889, 2001-10-20 (Released:2009-10-20)
参考文献数
17
著者
伊藤 康雅
出版者
耳鼻咽喉科展望会
雑誌
耳鼻咽喉科展望 (ISSN:03869687)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.45, no.3, pp.226-234, 2002-06-15 (Released:2011-03-18)
参考文献数
18
著者
李 秉哲
出版者
一般財団法人 アジア政経学会
雑誌
アジア研究 (ISSN:00449237)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.as22.a01, (Released:2022-06-20)

This article aims to add a new perspective on how the Japanese government conducted Japan-South Korea negotiations on security-economic cooperation during the early 1980s.The Zenko Suzuki administration judged that Japan could not meet the U.S. government’s expectations of strengthening its own defense capabilities. For this reason, the administration expressed willingness to cooperate with the U.S. for the economic and social development of strategically important countries. This was intended to work as a means to achieve the ‘comprehensive security’ policy adopted by the Masayoshi Ohira administration and burden-sharing in the U.S.-Japan Alliance. In other words, Japan had an economic cooperation policy that aimed to support developing countries, while recognizing the political impact of foreign aid. Japan had this policy in place before South Korea’s request in 1981 for 10 billion dollars in economic assistance.The Suzuki administration had already acknowledged the need to support South Korea to ensure Japan’s cooperative relationship with the U.S. Nevertheless, there was a marked contrast in position between Japan and South Korea during the early stages of the negotiations on the official purpose and contents of economic cooperation. Steady negotiation efforts were necessary to create a situation where the Japanese Prime Minister could make bold political judgments and take action on this issue.The Japanese government later decided to negotiate with South Korea based upon its main principles of economic cooperation, such as ‘improving people’s livelihood’ and ‘maintaining a balance among beneficiary countries’, while recognizing the political nature of such cooperation and its indirect contribution to Korea’s security. In other words, the Japanese government intended to maintain its own initiative on economic cooperation while responding flexibly to South Korea’s request for aid.During the negotiations, the Japanese side had explicitly stated that it could not agree with Korea’s view that Japan should promote economic cooperation with Korea in order to ease Korea’s military burden. However, Japan did express some understanding of South Korea’s situation and Korea accepted Japan’s assertion that it would contribute to Korea’s economic and social stability. Negotiations then made progress and the two sides agreed on the official purpose for economic cooperation and the amount of assistance from Japan to Korea. Under these circumstances, Prime Minister Suzuki played an important role in deciding the proportion of Japan’s ODA to the total amount of assistance to South Korea. He also explained Japan’s position during the summit talks and dispatched his special envoys to Korea. Consequently, the differences in stance between the two countries on the content of the assistance was narrowed to a considerable extent before the inauguration of the Yasuhiro Nakasone administration.However, negotiations between Japan and South Korea were suspended during the Japanese history textbook controversy that surfaced at the end of June 1982. When the textbook issue was settled, Suzuki announced that he would not run in the Liberal Democratic Party leadership election. Therefore, the Nakasone administration assumed responsibility for resolving the remaining issues.There is thus room for further consideration of whether the Suzuki administration’s pacifist stance should be regarded as the reason behind the failure of negotiations with South Korea. It is important to bear in mind the necessity of examining various aspects of Japan’s domestic and international situations. Furthermore, Japan-South Korea negotiations on security-economic cooperation revealed a high degree of policy continuity among the Ohira, Suzuki and Nakasone administrations.
著者
山田 淳也 川崎 緑 大塚 町恵 金田 英伯
出版者
石油技術協会
雑誌
石油技術協会誌 (ISSN:03709868)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.81, no.5, pp.401-407, 2016 (Released:2018-05-09)
参考文献数
28

Natural gas and oil produced from in-situ reservoir may contain a small amount of mercury. The origin of mercury in these production fluids is thought to be atmospheric mercury deposition or enhanced mercury concentrations resulting from interaction of hydrocarbon fluids with mercury rich sediment, such as coal and carbonaceous shale. Mercury in natural gas can cause amalgam corrosion of aluminum heat exchangers in Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plants, and mercury in condensate and crude oil can cause catalyst poisoning in oil refineries and petrochemical plants. It is important to remove mercury from natural gas and oil in various aspects of stable oil/gas production, environmental issues and occupational health and safety in production facilities. There are several mercury removal technologies for natural gas, oil and produced water. Metal sulfide adsorbents and activated carbons are popular technique to remove mercury from natural gas and oil. However, there are some difficulties in mercury removal from oil. These mercury adsorbents can work for removing only elemental mercury in condensate, while cannot work for the other types of mercury species, such as ionic mercury and organic mercury. In addition, wax interferes mercury removal in condensate and crude oil by covering adsorbed sites of adsorbents. For efficient mercury removal, it is important to know what amount of mercury content and what types of mercury species are in production fluids. To achieve detailed understanding of these key points, an analytical method using Gas Chromatograph-Inductive Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (GC-ICP-MS) is optimized for mercury speciation analysis. The optimization focuses on condensate samples in particular. This analytical technique will contribute efficient mercury removal from production fluids.
著者
Takashi ASAHI Takuto NAKAMURA Michi SATO Yuki KON Hiroyuki KAJIMOTO Shuji SATO
出版者
The Japan Neurosurgical Society
雑誌
Neurologia medico-chirurgica (ISSN:04708105)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.11, pp.525-530, 2020 (Released:2020-11-15)
参考文献数
16
被引用文献数
1 7

The hanger reflex is a phenomenon characterized by the involuntary rotation of the head when a wire hanger is worn around the head such that a force is applied to the frontal temporal area by the longer side of the hanger. The application of a shearing force on the skin is thought to be the cause of this phenomenon. Attempts have been made to treat cervical dystonia using equipment designed to induce the hanger reflex. This reflex may have implications in the treatment of headaches, cervical pain, and adhesive capsulitis. The hanger reflex is seen not only in the head region but is also in other parts of the body. Thus, it could be used in the treatment of systemic dystonias. The hanger reflex may help develop inexpensive and non-invasive treatment for dystonia or other neurological diseases and is expected to be the focus of research in the future.

2 0 0 0 OA 中篇

出版者
公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会
雑誌
化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.5, pp.345-351, 1999-05-25 (Released:2009-05-25)
被引用文献数
1
著者
Luca Facciolo Pekka Nuutinen Daniel Welander
出版者
The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers
雑誌
Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. Book of abstracts : ICONE (ISSN:24242934)
巻号頁・発行日
pp._ICONE23-1, 2015-05-17 (Released:2017-06-19)

The European Utility Requirements organization started the compliance assessment process of the Mitsubishi Heavy Industries EU-APWR Standard Design in 2012. The EU-APWR is an Advanced PWR, 1700 MWe class, 4-loops, 14ft active core fuel length that MHI has developed for the European market. The EU-APWR is an evolution of the Advance PWR currently under the licensing process in Japan for the Tsuruga Power Station. MHI has modified the design applying improvements in safety and economy in order to be adapted for European markets and to comply with the EUR requirements. The EU-APWR Standard Design documentation has been assessed against the EUR Volume 2 - Generic Nuclear Island requirements Revision D, issued in October 2012. The assessment is divided into 20 chapters for a total of over four thousand individual requirements. Each chapter was assigned to Assessment Performers who executed the detailed analysis of the requirements. The assessment of each requirement and the Synthesis Report have been submitted to, and scrutinized by, the Coordination Group, formed by representatives of the European Utilities together with the Vendor, and reviewed by the Administration Group and by the Steering Committee. The Synthesis Reports have been collected in the Volume 3 EU-APWR Standard Design Subset and presented to the Steering Committee, which approved the final draft in October 2014. The overall results of the assessment indicated good compliance of the EU-APWR Standard Design: 77% of the requirements resulted in compliance with EUR. This percentage increases to 85% when taking into account the requirements for which the design has been evaluated in compliance with the objectives. The requirements where the design has been judged not in compliance with EUR are less than 2%. The divergences between the EU-APWR Standard Design and the EUR concern different areas like, for instance, layout, operational capability and performance, outage operations, personal protection and radiation monitoring. Some of the incongruences result from differences in approach to the design process or from differences in the rules and standards in use in Japan and in Europe. Some analyses, like the internal hazards effects, have been performed only partially because, in Japan, such analyses are considered site-specific and are carried out at the detailed design level. The analysis of the consequences of a hydrogen explosion, and the environmental qualification methodology of equipment have not been fully developed yet. While the reactor core has been designed for an operability cycle of 24 months and can be loaded with 50% MOX fuel, no other area of the plant has been designed taking into consideration MOX fuel.
著者
北村 弥 飯岡 昭子 森田 美智子 坂本 邦樹 桐山 保夫 伊藤 和男
出版者
Meeting of Osaka Dermatological Association
雑誌
皮膚 (ISSN:00181390)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, no.5, pp.726-731, 1982 (Released:2010-06-04)
参考文献数
11

加齢とともに発生頻度が増加する老人性血管腫について統計的観察をおこない, 次の結論を得た。1. Ruby spotの最少発症年令は9歳であり, 加齢とともにその発症頻度は増加した。2. Venous lakeは30歳代より発生しはじめ, 加齢とともにその発症頻度は増加した。Venous lakeを有した54人中53人が下口唇に発症していた。本症と消化管性潰瘍や肝疾患との関連は明らかではなかった。3. Angiokeratoma scroti Fordyceは30歳代以上の者の16.8%に認められた。
著者
岩崎 泰政
出版者
特定非営利活動法人 日本レーザー医学会
雑誌
日本レーザー医学会誌 (ISSN:02886200)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.Supplement, pp.97-100, 1997 (Released:2012-09-24)
参考文献数
8

Selective photothermolysis with a long-pulse flashlamp dye laser with 585 nm is becoming widely accepted as a treatment for cutaneous vascular lesions because of high efficacy with a very low risk of scarring. The light of dye laser penetrated into 1,400 μAm depth of the human skin and induces selective intravascular and perivascular coagulation necrosis. However, the numbers and diameters of blood vessels were significantly decreased only in tissues down to a depth of 600 μm 3 months after the laser irradiation. Fifty two out of 550 patients (9.5%) with port-wine stains (PWS) showed an excellent clinical improvement after single treatment and up to 4 times additional irradiation further improved clinical responses in as much as 115 patients with excellent improvement. The degrees of clinical responses are dependent on histological type, age, anatomic location and color of PWS lesions. Treatments of strawberry mark are usually begun in a thin flat stage or at initial presentation with some success especially for their superficial lesions. However, they hardly affect the size of tumor and often leave atrophic and redundant skin surface with scarring. Finally practical problems in dye laser treatment of hemangioma were discussed.
著者
小谷 真理
出版者
日本文学協会
雑誌
日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.57, no.4, pp.24-34, 2008-04-10 (Released:2017-08-01)

飛浩隆「ラギッド・ガール」(<SFマガジン>二〇〇四年二月号に掲載)は、ある事情で放置されている仮想現実世界を扱った<廃園の天使シリーズ>の中編である。仮想現実世界は、<数値海岸(コスタ・デル・ヌメロ)>といい、<廃園の天使シリーズ>は、その創造と放棄と内部変化を描いている。もちろん仮想現実世界といっても、現実世界はあまりにも膨大なデータであるために、現実をそっくり写しとれるわけではなく、いわば仮設の情報集積所となっており、人間の似姿と人工知能が混在する世界として想定されており、インターネットに近い感触を持つ。「ラギッド・ガール」の「ラギッド」とは「ざらざらの」という意味。主要登場人物である安形渓の身体の異形を指している。物語は、体験や記憶がすべて体内に蓄えられながら生きる情報集積体たる渓の身体論を中心に、アガサとキャリバン、安奈と渓の関係を読み解きながら、現実世界、仮想現実世界、さらに仮想現実世界に内蔵されたサイバースペースという三つの空間にまたがって、性差とセクシュアリティの諸問題を投げかけ、人と人とのコミュニケーションについての問題を探求していく。この作品における女性の身体と性差の設定は、アメリカのSF作家ジェイムズ・ティプトリー・ジュニアの「接続された女」を彷彿とさせ、共通点が多い。特筆すべき要素は、女性身体をめぐる話題、「身体の醜さ」、「暴力」、「レズビアン・セクシュアリティ」である。そこで、本稿では、電脳空間を素材にしたサイバーパンク小説の先駆けと評される「接続された女」と、ポスト・サイバーパンク小説「ラギッド・ガール」を比較検討し、女性性、身体性、情報集積体としての性差について再考する。
著者
長澤 泰子 太田 真紀
出版者
学校法人 開智学園 開智国際大学
雑誌
日本橋学館大学紀要 (ISSN:13480154)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, pp.3-13, 2006-03-30 (Released:2018-02-07)

障害児・者は,障害そのものへの支援と心理面の支援を必要としている。吃音を持つ子ども達も例外ではなく,一般に,公立小学校の通級指導教室,通称ことばの教室において言語と心理の両面からの支援を受けている。しかし,言語の通級指導教室が殆どない中学校へ入学した時点で,この特別の支援は中断してしまう。我々は三論文を通して,ことばの教室における教師と子どもの相互交渉を分析し,よりよい関係を確立するための教師の留意点を報告した。障害の有無にかかわらず,思春期は自己をみつけ悩みながら,自己概念や自尊感情を築き上げる時期である。たとえ,小学校でよい関係を培ったとしても,中学校において吃音を持つ人としての支援がなければ,吃音のある中学生は一人で吃音について悩み,ネガティブな自己概念を作り上げる危険性を抱えている。本研究は,思春期の吃音児の実態や支援に対する要望を把握することを目的とし,2つの調査を実施し,その結果を報告するものである。調査1は,通級指導教室を持つ公立小学校657校に対して行われた。そのうち,小学校の通級指導教室の指導を終了し,自己概念尺度および吃音指導,直面している問題,相談する相手などに関する質問紙に回答することに同意した吃音のある中学生12名と彼らを指導した小学校通級指導教室の教師が本研究の対象である。生徒はみな卒業時に,「指導を受けなくても,もう大丈夫」と言っていた。生徒が記入した調査結果に対して,教師のコメントや分析を求めた。結果は以下の通りである。1) 対象者は全て小学校時代に「もう大丈夫」と言った生徒たちであったが,約半数の生徒は再び吃音を気にして,中学校でも支援を受けたいと思っていた。2) 対象児の中には,吃音に対し十分な指導を受けられなかったと不満を感じている者がいた。調査2は,調査1の参加者である一名の生徒を対象に,小学校4年生からの約3年間の追跡調査である。結果次の通りである。1) 彼の自己評価に影響を及ぼしていた要因は,学級の雰囲気,学校における経験,教師や親からの支援であった。2) 彼の中学校の全生徒は同じ小学校出身であったため,彼は良好な友人関係の中で中学生活をおくっていた。しかし,中学校にことばの教室があるならば,そこで支援を受けたいと感じていた。
著者
Ahmad H. Alghadir Sami A. Gabr Farag A. Aly
出版者
The Society of Physical Therapy Science
雑誌
Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.7, pp.2029-2033, 2015 (Released:2015-07-22)
参考文献数
69
被引用文献数
24 30

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 4 weeks moderate aerobic exercise on outcome measures of saliva stress hormones and lactate levels in healthy adult volunteers. [Subjects and Methods] Sixteen healthy students with an age range of 15–25 years participated in this study. The participants performed an exercise test of moderate intensity for 4 weeks, three times per week. The exercise was treadmill walking. Saliva concentrations of cortisol, testosterone and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured before and after the 4 weeks of moderate aerobic training using immunoassay techniques. [Results] After 4 weeks of exercise, there were significant increases in cortisol, free testosterone levels, and LDH activity along with a significant decrease in the ratios between testosterone and cortisol levels. No significant correlations were found among the studied parameters in the resting stage, a result which supports the positive effect of exercise on stress hormones following 4 weeks of training. [Conclusion] The results suggest that four weeks exercise of moderate intensity significantly affects the salivary stress hormones of young healthy volunteers. The data support the importance of salivary stress hormones as potential biological markers especially for older ages. However, more research is required to validate these biological markers which determine the host response to physical activity.