著者

内田 種臣

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, pp.18-28, 1973 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

杉原 丈夫

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.95-109, 1972-12-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

参考文献数

4

著者

伊東 俊太郎

出版者

日本科学哲学会

雑誌

科学哲学 (ISSN:02893428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, pp.13-19, 1972-12-25 (Released:2009-05-29)

著者

Hiroshi OHTA Noriyuki NAGATA Nozomu YOKOYAMA Tatsuyuki OSUGA Noboru SASAKI Keitaro MORISHITA Mitsuyoshi TAKIGUCHI

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0489, (Released:2021-01-12)

被引用文献数

1

---

To date, little is known about the prognostic significance of ultrasonographic findings in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE). The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the prognostic value of ultrasonographic findings in dogs with PLE. A total of 26 dogs with PLE were included: 20 dogs with chronic enteropathy and 6 dogs with gastrointestinal lymphoma. The presence of small intestinal dilatation was associated with shorter survival time in dogs with PLE (P=0.003). The presence of hyperechoic intestinal mucosal striations was associated with longer survival time in dogs with PLE (P=0.0085). The results of the current study indicate that the presence of small intestinal dilatation might be associated with poor prognosis in dogs with PLE.

著者

Atsuhito WADA Katsuyuki NAGATA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0509, (Released:2021-01-27)

被引用文献数

2

---

A 13-year-old intact Pomeranian bitch presented with a 2-month history of abdominal distension and anorexia. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a large tumor in the abdominal cavity without metastases. The tumor was surgically resected and histopathologically characterized by spindle-shaped to atypical-shaped neoplastic cells with basophilic stroma in the omental adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin but negative for cytokeratin, S-100 protein, and α-SMA. The bitch was diagnosed as a myxosarcoma arising from the greater omentum. Postoperatively, metronomic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and piroxicam was initiated. The tumor recurred on postoperative day 49. Although the bitch died 102 days after the initial examination, her general condition was maintained until death.

著者

Kosei SAKAI James Ken CHAMBERS Kazuyuki UCHIDA Takayuki NAKAGAWA Ryohei NISHIMURA Tomohiro YONEZAWA Shingo MAEDA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0483, (Released:2021-01-19)

被引用文献数

1

---

Copy number gain (CNG) and/or protein overexpression of ErbB2 have been observed in human breast cancer patients and are associated with poor prognosis. Similarly, ErbB2 overexpression has also been observed in canine mammary carcinoma; however, data on ErbB2 copy number is limited. The purposes of this study were to evaluate ErbB2 copy number in dogs with mammary carcinoma and to investigate associations of ErbB2 CNG with ErbB2 expression, histological and clinical characteristics, and survival. DNA samples were isolated from 59 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded canine mammary gland tissues (34 carcinoma, 14 adenoma, and 11 normal). Using a digital PCR assay, the ErbB2 copy number in these samples was determined as compared to a reference gene on canine chromosome 8. ErbB2 CNG was detected in 14/34 (41%) carcinomas and 2/14 (14%) adenomas. ErbB2 overexpression was observed in 3/34 (9%) carcinomas but not in adenomas. Neither ErbB2 CNG nor ErbB2 overexpression were detected in the normal controls. There was no significant association of the ErbB2 CNG with histological and clinical characteristics such as age, neutered status, histological grade, tumor size, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, and clinical stage in the dogs with mammary carcinoma. The presence of ErbB2 CNG, but not ErbB2 overexpression, was significantly related to the shorter overall survival. These findings suggest that ErbB2 CNG is a prognostic factor in dogs with mammary carcinoma.

著者

Reo NISHI Tomoki MOTEGI Shingo MAEDA Satoshi TAMAHARA Yasuyuki MOMOI Naoaki MATSUKI Tomohiro YONEZAWA

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0515, (Released:2021-01-14)

---

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is a common cause of urinary incontinence in dogs. Although estrogen is often prescribed for the medical therapy of USMI for spayed female dogs, they are known to have limited effectiveness and potential adverse effects. In castrated male dogs with USMI, testosterone reagents have been attempted besides estrogen. In this study, the effect of testosterone drugs, mainly methyltestosterone, on spayed female dogs with USMI was retrospectively evaluated. Ten spayed female dogs with USMI were included. Diagnosis of USMI was based on the results of the dogs’ medical history, clinical signs, and no abnormalities in physical examinations, urinalysis, ultrasonography, X-ray imaging, and neurological examinations. Methyltestosterone was administered at doses of 0.32–1.27 mg/kg BW p.o. semel in die (sid.) to twice a week. Nine of the ten dogs had good or excellent responses 2 to 4 weeks after the start of treatment. The minimum effective dose was 0.32 mg/kg/day. Although no severe adverse symptoms occurred in any dog, a mild increase in alanine aminotransferase was temporally observed at doses of 1.0 and 1.1 mg/kg/day in the two dogs. After dose reduction or withdrawal, two of eight dogs had recurrence of urinary incontinence. Resumption of testosterone treatment clearly improved the symptoms in the two dogs. These results indicate that testosterone reagents might be an option for treating USMI in spayed female dogs as well.

著者

Maho NAKAZAWA Hirotaka TOMIYASU Kanako SUZUKI Hajime ASADA Aki FUJIWARA-IGARASHI Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO Aki OHMI Koichi OHNO Michio FUJITA Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0464, (Released:2021-01-20)

被引用文献数

6

---

Nasal lymphoma (NL) is the most common nasal tumor in cats, and radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these treatments have been described as the treatment for this disease. However, the previous studies included various machines and protocols of radiotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to retrospectively compare the prognosis among cases treated with palliative hypofractionated radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and a combination of them with united machine and protocol of radiotherapy. When compared overall survival and progression free survival, there was no significant difference among these three groups. The data of this study suggested that similar efficacy could be achieved by palliative hypofractionated radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of them.

著者

Andrea MOSCA Danielle GIBSON Sarah L. MASON Jane DOBSON Antonio GIULIANO

出版者

JAPANESE SOCIETY OF VETERINARY SCIENCE

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.20-0191, (Released:2021-01-25)

被引用文献数

3

---

Surgery with or without the addition of radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Fractionated radiotherapy alone is also effective in the long-term control of the disease, however coarse fractionated radiotherapy (CF-RT) for gingival SCC has not been extensively reported. The aim of this study was to describe side effects, clinical response, and median survival time (MST) of dogs with gingival SCC treated with CF-RT in the palliative and adjuvant setting. Twenty-one cases from two referral centres in the UK treated with CF-RT for gingival SCC between July 2013 and June 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Of the 21 dogs, 11 developed mild acute adverse effects. Oral mucositis was the most common radiation induced toxicity. Three dogs developed chronic severe adverse effects (oro-nasal fistula, bone necrosis and gum recession). Overall clinical response rate was 77% in dogs receiving palliative treatment with MST of 365 days (60–1,095 days). MST was not reached for dogs treated in the adjuvant setting with a mean of 466 days (121–730 days). In cases of advanced gross disease CF-RT might have a role in short term palliation of clinical signs. However, it carries a significant risk of late toxicity for cases with unexpectedly long survival times and further investigations are required to identify an optimal CF-RT protocol. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the role of CF-RT as adjuvant treatment of incompletely resected gingival SCC.

著者

篠原 厚

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会

雑誌

化学と教育 (ISSN:03862151)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.120-123, 2017-03-20 (Released:2017-09-01)

参考文献数

3

---

人類の物質観や自然科学の中で重要な基盤をなしている元素の周期表がどこまで拡張されるかという問いに対しては,元素そしてその周期表とは何か? 周期表の拡張とは何を意味するか? を考える必要がある。ここでは,これらについて概説し,新しい元素の創成の現状と将来について展望する。

著者

山本 雅博

出版者

日本ポーラログラフ学会

雑誌

Review of Polarography (ISSN:00346691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.11-30, 2010-05-31 (Released:2010-06-18)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

4 5

---

電気二重層は電極電位を決定するので電気化学において最も基本的な概念であり,スーパーキャパシター等の応用でも重要であるが,電気化学を専門としている学生諸氏の間で電気二重層の理屈はよくわからないとう声を良く聞く。帯電した電極を対(たい)イオンが遮蔽する静電相互作用 (Poisson方程式)とそのイオンが熱的に散らされて分布( Boltzmann分布)することを同時に考慮(非線形微分方程式)しなくてはならないからであろう。従って,電気2重層の理論は,電磁気学と (統計・ )熱力学に基礎を置く。化学系の学生は,電磁気学(より正確にはガウスの法則だけで十分だが)を理解しにくいてことが,よくわからない原因であるようだ。以下その点も考慮して解説した。付録に,ガウスの法則の説明を書いたので,電磁気学の復習も含めてそこから読んで欲しい。 ここでは, Gouyによって定式化された100年の歴史をもつ Gouy(-Chapman理論) [1, 2] 1および Stern[3]による補正をまず述べる。電気二重層の測定結果の解析においては,大抵の場合この GCS(Gouy-Chapman-Stern)理論で説明が(定性的にももちろん定量的にも)可能である。その後, Grahameが GCS理論に特異吸着の効果を入れてこの理論はある意味完成した [4]。この GCSG理論の基本方程式である非線形 Poisson-Boltzmann式を数値的に解くことにより,帯電界面をもつ3次元構造体(たとえばタンパク質)の電気二重層構造が明らかとなった。 その GCSG理論では,溶媒は無構造誘電体で,イオンの大きさ,イオン間の相互作用も考慮されてないので,電極が強く帯電している場合や電解質濃度が高い場合には一般には正しくない。紙面の都合で,その後進展してきた分子シミュレーションによる電気二重層の数値解については改めて述べたい。長距離力であるクーロン相互作用が帯電した界面で正確に考慮されてない分子シミュレーションの結果の取り扱いには慎重さを要することと,実験で得られている微分キャパシタンスの結果を再現したシミュレーションはまだないように思う。電解質水溶液の場合,溶媒分子数に比べて電解質のイオン数が少なく,シミュレーションで集団平均・時間平均をとることが困難であることも原因のひとつである。

著者

大河原 忠蔵

出版者

日本文学協会

雑誌

日本文学 (ISSN:03869903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.4, pp.294-301, 1955-04-01 (Released:2017-08-01)

著者

馬場 菊太郎

出版者

The Malacological Society of Japan

雑誌

貝類学雑誌 (ISSN:00423580)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.3, pp.141-149, 1989-10-31 (Released:2018-01-31)

---

The chief specific name used here is Ceratosoma trilobatum (J. E. Gray, 1827) (s. l.) which is said to comprise C. cornigerum (Adams & Reeve in Adams, 1850) (s. s.) as a junior synonym. In Japan there occur three sorts of color variation among the individual specimens of C. trilobatum (in the meaning of C. cornigerum s. s.). C. bicolor Baba, 1949 is left for further study.

著者

小島 佑太 辻 智美 伊藤 陸 早田 荘 鈴木 俊明

出版者

関西理学療法学会

雑誌

関西理学療法 (ISSN:13469606)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.133-138, 2017 (Released:2017-12-29)

参考文献数

1

---

We administered physical therapy for a patient who presented with right hemiplegia after cerebral infarction. When lowering clothing with the left hand for toileting, the patient risked falling posteriorly to the right. Therefore, therapy focused on enabling the removal of underclothing. Healthy subjects remove underclothing with the use of left elbow extension and left lateral bending of the trunk, while moving the pelvis in a right lateral direction. However, this patient was unable to adequately bend the trunk to the left and could not lower underclothing on the left side. In addition to not being able to control right lateral movement of the pelvis, she had rearward displacement of the right buttock, and risked falling posteriorly to the right. Physical examination and observation of motion revealed decreased tone of the right external abdominal oblique and the posterior fibers of the gluteus medius; the lower fibers of the gluteus maximus were considered the main problem. Physical therapy enabled the patient to undress for self-toileting by focusing on the impaired muscles.

著者

大森 昌衛

出版者

地学団体研究会

雑誌

地学教育と科学運動 (ISSN:03893766)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.55-59, 2004-07-29 (Released:2018-03-29)

参考文献数

6

著者

竹下 賢

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1997, pp.125-138, 1998-10-30 (Released:2009-02-12)

参考文献数

24

著者

初宿 正典

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2002, pp.86-97, 2003-10-20 (Released:2008-11-17)

参考文献数

11

著者

道垣内 弘人

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2006, pp.128-133,263, 2007-10-30 (Released:2010-12-16)

---

What are the characteristics of legal thinking is a fundamental but difficult problem to answer in legal sciences, including philosophy of law, even if we focus on the way of the interpretation of statutory laws. However, at least, we might say that to keep the consistency of law is one of the most important requirements in the interpretation. What to evade is not only the apparent contradiction in the interpretation but the hidden conflict of different principles, for example, liberalism, libertarianism, paternalism and so on, when we cannot justify the coexistence of principles by the difference of situations. In this context, philosophy of law works as a supplier of tools for analyzing the hidden principles behind legislation, cases and statutory interpretation by academics. The education of philosophy of law as a tools-supplier might have three stages. 1) To teach the principles themselves (e. g. justice theories). 2) To teach the way of analysis. 3) To discuss the relative merits of principles. However, too much emphasis of the importance of philosophy of law sometimes drive the students to settle the cases on the principle which they believe in, without paying attention to the possibility of making other contradiction in the whole system of law. Legal thinking is a restrictive one in the sense that they should respect the firmly established rules.

著者

内藤 淳

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2005, pp.135-143,195, 2006-10-30 (Released:2010-02-15)

参考文献数

5

---

Normative judgments and their criteria are generally excluded as subjects of science on account of the dualism of facts and values. Meta-ethical naturalism, which attempts to present criteria for values in terms of facts, is therefore regarded as a fallacy. However, as normative judgments are produced through the workings of the mind of each individual, we may find some clues for examining the foundations or criteria of our normative judgments by analyzing the process of the working of our minds by scientific methods and thereby discovering its basic rules. This means that ethical problems can be approached and solved in the field of human science. Indeed, we can find some useful scientific knowledge related to meta-ethical problems. For example, it has been demonstrated in some studies of cognitive psychology that judgments on moral values are decided by intuition, which is an emotional reaction, rather than by rational thinking. And according to recent research in evolutionary psychology, emotions function in order to gain benefits for each person in their reciprocal relationships with others. These scientific studies suggest that the ultimate foundation of normative judgments is in human intuition as an emotional reaction and the ultimate criterion of “good/bad” or “right/wrong” is whether it is beneficial to the individual in his/her reciprocal relationships with others. While there remains much scope for further verification, these studies suggest that it is possible to examine meta-ethical problems by scientific methods and support meta-ethical naturalism, which presents the foundations and criteria for normative values through factual statements.

著者

丸 祐一

出版者

日本法哲学会

雑誌

法哲学年報 (ISSN:03872890)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2002, pp.183-192, 2003-10-20 (Released:2008-11-17)

参考文献数

43