著者

卞 東波

出版者

京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科

雑誌

人環フォーラム (ISSN:13423622)

巻号頁・発行日

no.30, pp.34-39, 2012-03

著者

土屋 裕史

出版者

国立公文書館

雑誌

北の丸 : 国立公文書館報 (ISSN:02865750)

巻号頁・発行日

no.44, pp.65-86, 2012-01

著者

赤迫 照子

出版者

東洋古典学研究会

雑誌

東洋古典學研究 (ISSN:13469428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, pp.153-170, 2012-03

著者

山田 欣吾

出版者

一橋大学

雑誌

一橋論叢 (ISSN:00182818)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.110, no.4, pp.639-654, 1993-10-01

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論文タイプ||論説

著者

足立 芳宏

出版者

京都大学大学院農学研究科生物資源経済学専攻

雑誌

生物資源経済研究 (ISSN:13418947)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.39-76, 2012

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As a result of the Nazi-enforced migration policy at the beginning of WWII, Volksdeutsche (ethnic Germans) farmers from Bessarabia, Volhynia, and Galicia as well as Baltic states resettled in the villages of the annexed Polish areas such as Warthegau and Dazig-Westpreussen, after the native Polish peasants had been deported to the Government General. In Japan, the details of this policy, called Heim ins Reich (back to the Reich), are still not very well understood, except those dealing with the phases of the Holocaust. The purpose of this paper is to describe the experience of the resettlement of the "ethnic German" farmers; it could provide a fresh perspective on this wartime settlement policy, further bringing out its historical continuity to land reform in Postwar East Germany. (1) It is important to note that the targets of the Nazi settlement policy were not the Reichsdeutsche (imperial German) but the Volksdeutsche. Through a racial screening conducted by the Schutzstaffel (SS) before entering annexed Poland, it was found that the SS staff disliked and strongly opposed the concept of consanguineous marriage, while insisting that the ethnic norms were not applied as strictly as expected, as it resulted in criticism for a Nazi local party leader who was representing the resettlers and the complaints raised by them; here, we can observe a discrepancy between them with regard to their understanding of Nazi racial ideology. (2) The action program was designed to simultaneously accomplish both settlement and deportation and was executed systematically and quickly -in only half a day- under the command of the SS organs by mobilizing Nazi activists, including assistant staff members from Nazi women societies, county officials, and local community leaders of native resident ethnic Germans (called "native Germans" in this paper). Further, in the allocation of land and housing, the SS allocated multiple small Polish farms to a German resettler's family with the aim of building an independent family farm with a size of more than 15 ha. (3) After the resettlement, there was heightened "ethnic" conflict within the local community, especially between the German resettlers and the native Germans. Such conflict was in contradiction with the Nazi concept of Volksgemeinschaft (national community). The native Germans remained almost as poor as they were before the settlement policy, like the Polish peasants, and this convinced them that they were not treated favorably by the Nazi, because they perceived the non-allocation of additional farmland to them as unfair. Moreover, they used a different language when communicating among themselves, and their lack of fluency in the German language made communication between the resettlers and the natives difficult. For example, the Bessarabia usually spoke the Schwabisch (Swabia) dialect, whereas the natives were more familiar with Polish. (4) As far as farming after resettlement was concerned, the most serious problem for resettlers was how to control Polish servants, both agricultural and domestic. The military conscription of husbands and sons resulted in the shortage of agricultural labor, which forced the farmer's wives to employ Polish labor. Therefore, they suffered extreme physical pain and mental trauma, brought about by the increased passive resistance by the Polish labor. Despite a good harvest in 1942, overall, it had become tougher for resettlers to carry out farming since 1943. (5) The collapse of the Third Reich led to the deportation of the ethnic Germans from the polish settlement and to their migration to Germany as refugee groups. Through land reform in Postwar East Germany, some of them acquired farmland and became newly involved in farming. Interestingly, there were many cases wherein they acquired farms abandoned by other new farmers around the second half of the 1940s, possibly with the help of the old ethnic German's network. Thus, using their connection with their native villages, they intended to resettle in several areas in an attempt to adapt to the strict agricultural policy of Postwar East Germany.

著者

長澤 洋

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.5, pp.339-346, 2012-08-01 (Released:2012-08-01)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

1 1

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グローバル化の流れの中で企業はその生き残りをかけて海外進出を果たし,それに伴い知財も海外との関わりを必然的に深めている。一方で知財を取り巻く環境が大きく変化しつつあり,IT分野などでは知財を武器として特許訴訟が多発し,そのための特許や企業の買収などが起きている。本稿では企業の海外進出の背景や現状,知財環境の現状を眺め,さらには知財情報の現状と問題点を検証した上で,今後は知財情報の一元管理を行うようなシステムを作り,そこから情報が提供されるようにすべきとの提案を行う。さらにグローバル化と知財環境の変化に対応する人材の資質として,強い意志を持っていること,言語や習慣の違いを乗り越えて自分の考えを的確に伝えることができるコミュニケーション能力を持っていることが必要であり,そのような人材をどのように育成していったらよいのかを提案する。

著者

田中 隆

出版者

道路緑化保全協会

雑誌

道路と自然 (ISSN:02887460)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.2, pp.50-52, 1997-01

著者

安川 和孝 加藤 泰浩

出版者

一般社団法人 日本地質学会

雑誌

地質学雑誌 (ISSN:00167630)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.4, pp.217-237, 2011-04-15 (Released:2011-08-12)

参考文献数

113

被引用文献数

1

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約55Maに発生した暁新世/始新世境界温暖化極大イベント(PETM)を引き起こした温室効果ガスの起源について,温度と大気中CO2濃度に依存性をもつ陸上岩石の風化フラックスを考慮した大気-海洋2-Boxモデルを用いて定量的検討を行った.その結果,同時期に北大西洋で生じた大規模火成活動により生成した熱分解起源メタンと,海底メタンハイドレートの分解による微生物起源メタンの放出を仮定すれば,PETMにおける-3‰の炭素同位体比負異常(CIE)を説明できることが示された.しかしながら,一般的な気候感度の範囲内において,-3‰のCIEに制約される炭素放出量では地質記録から推定される4℃以上の温暖化を再現できなかった.PETMのCIEと温暖化を同時に説明するには,従来の推定より著しく高い気候感度か,CO2による温暖化に加えてCO2以外の気候因子/フィードバックの寄与を考慮する必要がある.

著者

野田 春美

出版者

園田学園女子大学

雑誌

園田語文 (ISSN:09129316)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.83-80, 1996-01-31

著者

赤坂 和雄

出版者

札幌大学

雑誌

札幌大学総合論叢 (ISSN:1342324X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.3, pp.85-117, 1997-03-31

著者

久保田 悠司 高橋 大介

出版者

情報処理学会

雑誌

研究報告ハイパフォーマンスコンピューティング(HPC) (ISSN:18840930)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2010, no.19, pp.1-7, 2010-12-09

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近年,科学技術計算の分野で GPGPU が注目されている.科学技術計算では,特に疎行列ベクトル積を用いることが多いため,疎行列ベクトル積の高速化が重要である.疎行列には多くの格納形式があるが,疎行列によって最適な格納形式は異なる.そこで,本研究では与えられた疎行列によって最適な格納形式に変換してから,疎行列ベクトル積を行うことで高速化を図る.まず予備実験として,いくつかの疎行列の格納形式について,疎行列ベクトル積を実装し,実行速度を測定した.その後,予備実験の結果をもとに自動選択するためのパラメータを決定し,自動選択アルゴリズムを実装する.また,実装したアルゴリズムを,反復法による連立一次方程式の求解を用いて評価した.その結果,多くの疎行列において最適な格納形式を選択し高速化することに成功した.Sparse matrix vector multiplication is one of the most often used functions in scientific and engineering computing.The storage schemes for sparse matrices have been proposed,however,each sparse matrices have an optimal storage scheme,In this paper,we propose an auto-tuning algorithm of sparse matrix vector multiplication by selecting storage schemes automatically on GPU,We evaluated our algorithm using Conjugate Gradient solver.As a result,we found that our algorithm was effective in many sparse matrices.

著者

辻垣 晃一

出版者

比較家族史学会

雑誌

比較家族史研究 (ISSN:09135812)

巻号頁・発行日

no.22, pp.65-80, 2007

著者

籾山 明

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.1-36, 2006-06

著者

籾山 明

出版者

東洋史研究会

雑誌

東洋史研究 (ISSN:03869059)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.1-36, 2006-06

著者

Hu Qian

出版者

Kyoto University

巻号頁・発行日

2010-03-23

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新制・課程博士

著者

鶴田久作 訳

出版者

開新堂

巻号頁・発行日

1895

著者

石田 正幸 川崎 匡 渡辺 行雄

出版者

The Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Society of Japan, Inc.

雑誌

日本耳鼻咽喉科學會會報 (ISSN:00306622)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.107, no.3, pp."107-179"-"107-187", 2004-03-20

被引用文献数

1

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過去におけるネコの視運動性眼振(OKN)の報告では,水平性と垂直性OKNを定量的に同条件で記録したものは,ほとんどなかった.本研究では,ネコの水平性および垂直性OKNを直立頭位で同条件のもと記録し,定量的パラメーターを用いて解析した.<br>覚醒ネコ5匹を対象とした.直立頭位のネコにランダムドットパターンのステップ状視運動刺激を行い,サーチコイル法を用いて眼球運動を記録した.<br>ネコの水平性と垂直性OKN反応における,直接経路のパラメーターとして,急速緩徐相速度上昇,急速緩徐相速度下降を,間接経路のパラメーターとして,定常状態緩徐相速度,OKAN面積を呈示した.<br>水平性OKNの定常状態緩徐相速度(SPV)は,40~60°/sまで刺激速度の増加に伴って増大し,それ以上では,飽和した.右向きと左向きのOKNは,ほぼ対称だった.垂直性OKNについては,下向きOKNの定常状態緩徐相速度(SPV)は,20°/sまで刺激速度の増加に伴って増大し,それ以上では,飽和した.これは,水平性OKNのSPVよりも低速であった.一方,上向きOKNのSPVは,弱く不規則であった.<br>視運動性後眼振(OKAN)も,右向きと左向きで,ほぼ対称だった.下向きOKANも,認められたが,水平性OKANよりも弱かった.OKANのSPVにおける急速緩徐相速度下降は,水平性と下向きOKNにおいて観察された.一方,上向きOKANは,ほとんど観察されなかった.<br>本研究結果より,ネコの水平性OKNと垂直性OKN反応の差は,直接経路よりも間接経路の差によるところが大きいと思われた.また,ネコとサルのOKN反応を比較すると,直接経路,間接経路ともに,ネコの方が小さく,特に,中心窩視力に関わる直接経路の差が大きいと思われた.

著者

池田 陽子 森 和彦 石橋 健

出版者

メディカル葵出版

雑誌

あたらしい眼科 (ISSN:09101810)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.389-392, 2005-03

被引用文献数

1

著者

青木 慶 山崎 信寿

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.59-68, 1998

被引用文献数

4 12

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Joint resistance is the passive torque exerted by viscoelastic tissues such as ligaments, capsules, tendons, and muscles around the joint. The main function of joint resistance is restriction of the range of motion. However its positive role for human bipedal walking has not been clarified. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional passive-walking model that can walk on an inclined plane by utilizing gravitational force and joint resistance. By using the model, we can easily observe the influence of joint resistance on walking. The model consists of eleven rigid segments; head, chest, pelvis, upper arms, forearms, thighs, and shank-foot segments. The foot part is modeled with a semicircular plate and can roll over the slope. The joint resistance is approximated with a nonlinear viscoelastic torque element, which can prevent hyperextension and hypertwist of the joint. In order to prevent the knee joint from flexing at heel contact, minimum active torque exerted by the knee extensor during the first stance phase is measured from real walking and approximated as a nonlinear viscoelastic element. If the passive model is placed on a slope, the supporting leg naturally rotates down on the semicircular foot, and the other leg swings forward until it reaches to the slope surface. This motion is repeated to generate walking. Initial conditions of the segment angles, angular velocity, and walking velocity are determined by an optimization so as to minimize the difference in walking pattern between the first and second steps. For evaluation of the model, we calculated the passive walking with actual and artificially restricted knee properties, and these agreed well with actual walking patterns. We simulated passive walking patterns by measured changes in the knee and hip joint resistances and also the range of joint motion. Body proportions were also changed from those of a baby to those of an adult. These simulated results show the following roles and characteristics of the joint resistance by passive tissues: 1) knee joint resistance is important when active torque is applied and at the end of the stance phase, and hip joint resistance acts during only the last stance phase; 2) the supporting leg behaves like a stick during the first half stance phase; 3) elastic energy is charged up in the hip and knee joint by extension action around the ankle joint; 4) the charged energy is released at the swing phase, and the thigh swings forward and shank swings upward; 5) joint motions are not greatly affected by alternation of joint resistance; 6) the walking cycle lengthens if the resistance is weakened or the joint range becomes wider; 7) the strength of joint resistance relates to the body proportions, namely knee joint resistance relates to shank length, and hip joint resistance relates to the inertial moment of the leg; 8) the active torque around a knee joint has less influence in passive walking; 9) the patterns of joint resistance torque are similar to those of muscular torque in real walking; and 10) joint resistance saves walking energy. Consequently, we can understand that joint resistance is adapted to the body proportions and bipedal walking. This fact is useful in restoring fossil humans and their locomotion.

著者

山崎 信寿

出版者

一般社団法人日本機械学会

雑誌

日本機械学會誌 (ISSN:00214728)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.958, pp.664-665, 1998-09-05