著者
石橋 健太郎 岡田 猛
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, no.1, pp.196-223, 2010 (Released:2010-10-22)
参考文献数
71
被引用文献数
6

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether copying works of art facilitates creative drawing. Thirty undergraduates, not majoring in art, individually participated in a three-day experiment. Each one was assigned to one of three experimental groups: the Copy and Create (CC) group, the Copy and Reproduce (CR) group, or the control (No copy but Create, NC) group. The participants who copied an artist's drawings (CC group) produced more creative drawings in the post-test than those who did not (NC group). Furthermore, the designs of the drawings by the CC group were different from those by the CR group. Analyses of questionnaires and verbal protocols indicate that copying an unfamiliar style of art (in this case, the abstract style) facilitated a change in the participants' mental representation of artistic creation through the following two cognitive processes: First, it relaxed the constraint of their existing idea about drawing, i.e., ‘a realistic drawing style is important’, and second it helped them to construct a new idea about drawing, i.e., ‘Subjective impression or evaluation is essential’, so that they were able to have a new perspective in drawing their original pictures. They consciously tried to express such impressions or evaluations in the post-test drawing, and the result was that they produced more creative works. Although it has been claimed that copying often plays a negative role in creation, our findings suggest that active interaction with the ideas of others through copying their works of art has great potential to facilitate student's artistic creation.
著者
岡田 猛 横地 早和子 難波 久美子 石橋 健太郎 植田 一博
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.3, pp.303-321, 2007 (Released:2009-04-24)
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
14

The goal of this case study was to describe creation processes of contemporary artists from the perspective of Cognitive Science. We focused on the interaction among activities that affect long term processes of expertise and those that affect shorter term processes as the artist creates a series of work. We conducted retrospective interviews with two contemporary artists in their 40's using the portfolios of their past works so that they could recall their creation processes in detail. We found that the artists used an analogical modification process to produce a new series of artwork. Analogical modification is a cognitive process similar to analogical mapping, but modifies major features of the source structure while mapping it to the target. Artistic vision, which is formed through many years of creative activities and consists of main themes and goals for creation, plays an important role in guiding the usage of analogical modification. Analogical modification correspondingly appeared to deepen artistic vision.
著者
岡田 猛 横地 早和子 難波 久美子 石橋 健太郎 植田 一博
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.3, pp.303-321, 2007

The goal of this case study was to describe creation processes of contemporary artists from the perspective of Cognitive Science. We focused on the interaction among activities that affect long term processes of expertise and those that affect shorter term processes as the artist creates a series of work. We conducted retrospective interviews with two contemporary artists in their 40's using the portfolios of their past works so that they could recall their creation processes in detail. We found that the artists used an analogical modification process to produce a new series of artwork. Analogical modification is a cognitive process similar to analogical mapping, but modifies major features of the source structure while mapping it to the target. Artistic vision, which is formed through many years of creative activities and consists of main themes and goals for creation, plays an important role in guiding the usage of analogical modification. Analogical modification correspondingly appeared to deepen artistic vision.
著者
今西 衛 佐藤 慶一 石橋 健一 斎藤 参郎
出版者
名古屋産業大学
雑誌
名古屋産業大学論集 (ISSN:13462237)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.10, pp.15-21, 2007-03-16

政府地震調査研究推進本部では、首都圏直下地震、東海地震、東南海・南海地震などの発生確率について、いずれも高い数値を与えており、近い将来、我が国の都市部が大地震に見舞われることが危惧されている。災害により多数の住宅喪失世帯が発生した際、災害救助法が適用されると、医療や食品・飲料水の供与などとともに、避難所や応急仮設住宅という居住支援が行われる。阪神・淡路大震災では、約20万の住宅喪失世帯に対して、約5万戸の応急仮設住宅が供給されたように、我が国の応急住宅支援においては、仮設住宅による対応が中心的な役割を果たす。仮設住宅については、多額の建設費、維持管理費、撤去費を要し、従来より、現物支給から現金支給へと切り替えた方が効率的ではないか、という議論があるが、理論的な検討は十分とは言えない。2004年に被災者生活再建支援法が改正され、仮住まいの家賃としても利用可能な支援金給付が認められることとなったが、どの程度利用されるのか、その評価は十分ではない。そのような状況を踏まえ、本研究では、経済学的アプローチによる理論的枠組みを構築し、費用便益分析の価値概念に基づいて災害応急居住支援の制度分析を試みた。分析を通して、仮設住宅や借上住宅の家賃が無料であるならば、住民にとってそれと同等な生活水準をもたらし、かつ、行政の費用負担が少なくなるような家賃補助制度が存在することが示され、我が国の応急居住支援の制度設計への一つの知見を得ることができた。
著者
山門 正宜 石橋 健一
出版者
日本環境共生学会
雑誌
環境共生 (ISSN:13463489)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.37, no.1, pp.36-54, 2021-03-31 (Released:2021-04-10)
参考文献数
13

In recent years, it has become clear that higher education is required to raise environmental awareness, and the importance of higher education is increasing. Recently, the importance of fostering an independent learning attitude. has been emphasized in higher education. From the viewpoint of higher education, it has been clarified that the emotions of students improve learning motivation, and in addition, the research on learning motivation and independent learning attitude is increasing. The purpose of this study is to clarify how college commitment, as positioned in university students' emotions, mediates learning motivation and influences their independent learning attitudes. Therefore, we conducted a questionnaire survey and analyzed the students (first-year students, third-year students) in a small liberal arts university. As a result, it was clarified that university commitment mediates learning motivation and influences independent learning attitudes, and shows the adaptability of the model.
著者
笹嶋 宗彦 石橋 健 山本 岳洋 加藤 直樹
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第37回 (2023) (ISSN:27587347)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1N4GS1003, 2023 (Released:2023-07-10)

兵庫県立大学社会情報科学部では,実践力のあるデータサイエンティストの育成を目標に,学部1年生,2年生を対象として,連携企業の実データを用いた課題解決型演習(PBL)を実施しており,今年で4年目となる.本学部が育成を目指すデータサイエンティストとは,ITスキルと統計学の知識を用いてデータを分析する力だけではなく,実社会の課題を定式化し必要なデータを収集する力や,分析の結果を用いて社会をよくする提案が出来る社会実装力を備えた人材である.低学年はデータ分析力が低いが,ツールを利用して実データを分析し,実店舗へ向けた販売施策を提案する過程を体験することで,経営を改善することへの興味を持たせることや,データだけでなく現場を見て考えることの重要性を学ばせることを狙いとしている.2019年の学部創設以来1年生向けのPBLを4回実施し,今年度は新しい試みとして,実習対象となる店舗を1店舗に限定して実施した.事後に学生アンケートを取ることで,演習を評価した.本稿では,2022年度実施したPBL演習の概要と,これまでのPBL演習を通じて得られた,実データを利用するPBLの長所と課題について述べる.
著者
笹嶋 宗彦 石橋 健 山本 岳洋 加藤 直樹
出版者
一般社団法人 人工知能学会
雑誌
人工知能学会全国大会論文集 第36回 (2022)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.1I1OS601, 2022 (Released:2022-07-11)

兵庫県立大学社会情報科学部では,実践力のあるデータサイエンティストの育成を目標に,学部1年生,2年生を対象として,連携企業の実データを用いた課題解決型演習(PBL)を実施している.本学部が育成を目指すデータサイエンティストとは,ITスキルを用いてデータを分析する力だけではなく,実社会において課題を発見・定式化し必要なデータを収集する力や,分析の結果を用いて社会をよくする提案が出来る社会実装力を備えた人材である.低学年は,データ分析力も,ITスキルも持っていないが,スキルに合ったやり方でデータを分析し,実店舗へ向けた販売施策を提案する過程を体験することで,経営を改善することへの興味を持たせることや,データだけでなく,現場を見て考えることの重要性を学ばせることを狙いとしている.2019年の学部創設以来,1年生向けのPBLを3回,2年生向けを2回実施し,それぞれ事後に学生アンケートを取ることで,演習を評価してきた.本稿では,今年度実施したPBL演習の概要と,これまでのPBL演習を通じて得られた,実データを利用するPBLの長所と課題について述べる.
著者
斎藤 参郎 石橋 健一
出版者
公益社団法人 日本都市計画学会
雑誌
都市計画論文集 (ISSN:09160647)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, pp.439-444, 1992-10-25 (Released:2019-12-01)
参考文献数
13
被引用文献数
1 5

CONSIDERING CONSUMERS' SHOP-AROUND BEHAVIORS IN AN AGGLOMERATED COMMERCIAL DISTRICT AS THE AGGLOMERATION EFFECT OF THE ACCUMULATED AND PROXIMATE LOCATIONS OF RETAIL FACILITIES IN THE DISTRICT, THIS PAPER PROPOSES AN EVALUATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING REDEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS OF CITY CENTER RETAIL ENVIRONMENT FROM SUCH A STANDARD AS WHAT AMOUNT OF CONSUMERS' SHOP-AROUND BEHAVIORS THESE PROGRAMS WOULD INDUCE. FOR THE PURPOSE, A STATIONARY MARKOV CHAIN MODEL WITH COVARIATES IS DEVELOPED TO EXPLAIN CONSUMER'S SHOP-AROUND BEHAVIOR WITHIN A SHOPPING DISTRICT. THE MODEL WAS ESTIMATED AND APPLIED TO THE ACTUAL CASE OF CITY CENTER OF FUKUOKA CITY. REDEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS THERE ARE TRIED TO BE EVALUATED BY ITS FORECASTS.
著者
谷崎 勝朗 高橋 清 上田 暢男 斉藤 勝剛 細川 正雄 小野 波津子 石橋 健 合田 吉徳 中村 之信 佐々木 良英 守谷 欣明 木村 郁郎
出版者
Okayama Medical Association
雑誌
岡山医学会雑誌 (ISSN:00301558)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.89, no.9-10, pp.1261-1265, 1977-10-30 (Released:2009-08-24)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
1 1

A skin test using buckwheat extract was performed on 182 cases of bronchial asthma. Thirty-three of them showed a positive skin test to buckwheat extract.Buckwheat allergy (bronchial asthma, urticaria, allergic rhinitis, allergic gastroenteropathy and allergic conjunctivities) was found in 19 (57.6%) of the 33 cases showing a positive skin test to buckwheat extract.Basophils from 8 cases of buckwheat asthma showed a strong response to buckwheat extract, although basophils from 10 cases with a postive skin test only, without buckwheat allergy, did not response to buckwheat extract.Bronchial asthma induced by buckwheat (16 of the 19 cases) had some special features. Their asthma attack was induced by the introduction into the body through either mouth or airway and started in childhood. Buckwheat pillows were used in 13 of the 19 cases. Ten of the 13 cases obtained alleviation of asthma upon discontinuation of buckwheat pillows. Most of the buckwheat asthma patients showed a high serum IgE level and had a hereditary factor. The results showed that cases of buckwheat asthma might be sensitized in their childhood.
著者
石橋 健太郎 岡田 猛
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.11, no.1, pp.51-59, 2004 (Released:2007-04-13)
参考文献数
21
被引用文献数
5

According to Arnheim (1977), the perception of artworks means our total experience in our interaction with them. From this point of view, people can interact with artworks in various ways such as looking, copying, and reading reviews on the artworks. Different ways of interaction with artworks provide different kind of perceptual experiences. In this paper, we focused on the copying of artists' works and proposed the hypothesis that copying encourages the copiers' creativity as well as their acquiring knowledge of the artworks. We presumed that copying has the following two aspects: (1) understanding others and (2) understanding oneself. In the former aspect, the knowledge about the artistic products (to be copied) would be deepened by means of inferring the art making processes. In the latter aspect, the copiers' own taste for expression may become clarified by means of comparisons with others' artworks. Thus, the latter aspect is particularly important for creativity, because it might facilitate the copier's ability to produce her/his own original artworks. Our recent experiment (Ishibashi & Okada, 2003) revealed that copying facilitated students' creativity for drawing. Some of the verbal protocols in the copying session of the experiment indicate that the students participated in these two aspects of copying processes.
著者
鐘ヶ江 秀彦 谷口 仁土 石橋 健一 大槻 知史 城月 雅大 熊澤 輝一 豊田 祐輔
出版者
立命館大学
雑誌
基盤研究(B)
巻号頁・発行日
2011-04-01

本研究では、人工環境ならびに社会環境に着目し、逆都市化におけるコンパクトシティの自然災害への脆弱性を補完し頑強性を保つための要件を検討した。その結果、災害発生時の地域経済の回復力(レジリエンス)は、地域からの人口移動が発生しないことに左右されることを明らかにし、人口移動に影響を与える社会関係資本に着目したレジエントなコンパクトシティ戦略について考察した。特に人工環境においては経済指標の時系列分析に基づく間接被害額の推定を行い、被害額と人口移動の関係性を明らかにした、社会環境ではレジリエントな都市を地域コミュニティから実現していくための方策を検討した。
著者
岡田 猛 横地 早和子 難波 久美子 石橋 健太郎 植田 一博
出版者
日本認知科学会
雑誌
認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society (ISSN:13417924)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, no.3, pp.303-321, 2007-09-01
参考文献数
46
被引用文献数
10

The goal of this case study was to describe creation processes of contemporary artists from the perspective of Cognitive Science. We focused on the interaction among activities that affect long term processes of expertise and those that affect shorter term processes as the artist creates a series of work. We conducted retrospective interviews with two contemporary artists in their 40's using the portfolios of their past works so that they could recall their creation processes in detail. We found that the artists used an analogical modification process to produce a new series of artwork. Analogical modification is a cognitive process similar to analogical mapping, but modifies major features of the source structure while mapping it to the target. Artistic vision, which is formed through many years of creative activities and consists of main themes and goals for creation, plays an important role in guiding the usage of analogical modification. Analogical modification correspondingly appeared to deepen artistic vision.
著者
谷崎 勝朗 中田 安成 高橋 清 細川 正雄 小野 波津子 石橋 健 合田 吉徳 中村 之信 佐々木 良英 木村 郁郎
出版者
The Japanese Respiratory Society
雑誌
日本胸部疾患学会雑誌 (ISSN:03011542)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.2, pp.98-102, 1978-02-25 (Released:2010-02-23)
参考文献数
14

Allergo-immunologic investigations and examinations of the autonomic nerve system were performed in a case of bronchial asthma with myasthenia gravis. The results were as follows:1) Asthma attacks and blephaloptosis were observed to tend to appear alternately.2) The same trend was shown by administration of mecholyl or other anti-cholinergic drugs and when such drugs were given asthma attacks increased, although blephaloptosis improved.3) Asthma attacks in this patient resembling those of many patients with bronchial asthma were observed mainly in the early morning.4) Allergy examinations showed normal serum IgE level, negative skin reaction tests and no peripheral eosinophilia.These results show that asthma attacks and symptoms of myasthenia gravis seemed to appear alternately in interaction of acetylcholine, showing a see-saw phenomenon and suggest that the autonomic nervous system participates in an induction mechanism or process in asthma.
著者
池田 陽子 森 和彦 石橋 健
出版者
メディカル葵出版
雑誌
あたらしい眼科 (ISSN:09101810)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.3, pp.389-392, 2005-03
被引用文献数
1