著者
Hirose Hideo
出版者
International Information Institute
雑誌
Information (ISSN:13434500)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.16, no.7, pp.5365-5390, 2013-07

Two pandemic simulation approaches are known: the multi-agent simulation model and the differential equation model. The multi-agent model can deal with detailed simulations under a variety of initial and boundary conditions with standard social network models; however, the computing cost is high. The differential equation model can quickly deal with simulations for homogeneous populations with simultaneous ordinary differential equations and a few parameters; however, it lacks versatility in its use.We propose a new method named the MADE which is a combination of these two models, such that we use the multi-agent model in the early stage in a simulation to determine the parameters that can be used in the differential equation model, and then use the differential equation model in the subsequent stage. With this method, we may deal with pandemic simulations for real social structures with lower computing costs. Contrary to the statistical inference method which could not predict the final stage unless abundant information is included, the MADE have a possibility to do that only with the earlier stage information. The newly emerged pandemic, the novel influenza A(H1N1) case in 2009, is dealt with.
著者
栗田 秀法 KURITA Hidenori
出版者
名古屋大学大学院人文学研究科附属「アジアの中の日本文化」研究センター
雑誌
JunCture : 超域的日本文化研究 (ISSN:18844766)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, pp.170-173, 2018-03-23

町田市立国際版画美術館 2017年4月22日–6月18日, 横尾忠則現代美術館 2017年9月9日-2018年2月4日(10月12日–11月17日 臨時休館)
著者
名取 良太
出版者
関西大学総合情報学部
雑誌
情報研究 : 関西大学総合情報学部紀要 (ISSN:1341156X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, pp.71-84, 2014-08-08

小選挙区比例代表並立制導入の目的の一つは,「候補者本位」の選挙から,「政党本位」「政策本位」の選挙へと転換することであった.政党間競争を促す小選挙区制の下では,政党支持に基づく投票が中心となるため,個人単位の選挙区活動の有効性は低下する.結果として,政党本位・政策本位の選挙競争が生じるようになると考えられたためである.しかしながら,2012 年総選挙における有権者の投票行動を分析した結果,政党投票よりも候補者投票を行う有権者の比率が高かった.また,民主党支持者や,自民党と民主党による選挙戦が行われた選挙区の有権者ほど,政党投票よりも候補者投票を行う傾向があることから,民主党に対する評価の低下が候補者投票の増加をもたらせたと考えられる.すなわち,有権者が政党投票をするかどうかは,政党に対する評価が影響を及ぼすのであり,選挙制度の効果は限定的であることが示唆される.One of the aims of the electoral system reform conducted in 1994 was to increase party voting. While under the old system, multi-member districts with a single nontransferable vote promoted intra-party competition, the new system encouraged party competition. Thereafter, reformers expected that Japanese electoral politics would become party oriented.However, this study observed that Japanese voters preferred personal voting to party voting in the 2012 Lower House Election. In addition, the results of a logistic regression analysis clarified that the supporters of the Democratic Party of Japan and the constituencies of districts in which there is twoparty competition tend to conduct personal voting. Moreover, the study suggests that whether constituencies engage in personal voting is determined not by the electoral system, but constituencies’estimation of the parties.
著者
高桑 浩一
雑誌
学習院大学人文科学論集 (ISSN:09190791)
巻号頁・発行日
no.13, pp.105-127, 2004-10-31

In two papers published in l982, Taryo Obayashi(1929-2001)pointed out that some common features exist betWeen the myths aboutんnewakahiko or/Vi8ihayahi, who are regarded as heretical gods in Japanese sovereignty myths, and myths about the founders of ancient Korean dynasties like Ko8ut yo or Silla. In血is paper, reexa血ning the Obayas㎞’sstudy,1 restructured the common features of these myths as follows: 1)The heroes of these myths are connected with Heaven by ascending there after death. But, at the same time, they are connected with Earth in that their dead bodies or articles left behind are buried. 2)Their bows and arrows are the symbols of their status as Heaven-God. These articles also have a function as regalia, which is what any successor of sovereignty should own. What awakens our interest is that these features are not clearly found in the myths of H∂ηo痂’8’, who is considered as the legitimate successor of sovereignty of Japan in“KOjiki”or“Nihonshoki”. This fact shows the complex nature of the influence on Japanese myths from Korean Peninsula.
著者
山本 耕平
出版者
京都大学大学院文学研究科社会学研究室
雑誌
京都社会学年報 : KJS = Kyoto journal of sociology
巻号頁・発行日
vol.17, pp.139-153, 2009-12-25

The aim of this paper is to reexamine what kind of insight the Sociology of Scientific Knowledge (SSK) provides us concerning our understanding of science. SSK has definitely described some crucial dimensions of science which traditional sociology and philosophy of science had not taken notice of. However, it seems that SSK doesn't offer any clear implication for our understanding of scientific rationality. I consider this equivocalness a significant problem to be solved, since some claims raised by SSK provide the background assumptions for much of recent research in Science Studies, like the Science, Technology and Society (STS). To make clear what implications are to be brought out from the claims of SSK about the social dimensions of science, I incorporate some recent arguments of Social Epistemology. Recent studies in Social Epistemology show interesting facts concerning the relationship between the social dimensions of science and scientific rationality. Focusing on Philip Kitcher's discussion about the division of cognitive labor and Miriam Solomon's "Social Empiricism, " I argue that the social dimensions of science sometimes make scientific decision-making rational, and sometimes they do not: it is entirely contingent how the social dimensions of science affect the results of scientific activities. In conclusion, I argue that we should not use the claims of SSK about the social dimensions of science as theoretical bases for our evaluation of science, but just as a tool for identifying various factors underlying decision-making processes. I suggest that this interpretation of the claims of SSK offers a better way to utilize our knowledge of social dimensions of science in Science Studies.
著者
蒔田 純
出版者
弘前大学教育学部
雑誌
弘前大学教育学部紀要 (ISSN:04391713)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.122, pp.47-57, 2019-10-21

自治体の意思決定を住民が直接行うために設けられる「住民総会制度」の持続可能性は、歴史・伝統と住民負担という二つの要因によって影響を受けると考えられる。歴史・伝統に基づく制度である場合、持続可能性に資するが、単に現代的な課題対処のために制度が設けられる場合、それは相対的に不安定となる。また首長の存在や住民負担軽減のための工夫が設けられている場合、持続可能性にとってプラスとなる。これらを踏まえると、米国ニューイングランド地方のタウンミーティング、スイス基礎自治体のゲマインデサルザムルング、日本の町村総会、という三つの事例からは、持続可能性という点で前二者と後者の間で相違が導かれる。
著者
今村 明恒
出版者
震災豫防調査會
雑誌
震災豫防調査會報告
巻号頁・発行日
vol.77, pp.88-102, 1913-10-20

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