著者

三沢好吉 編

出版者

三沢書店

巻号頁・発行日

1902

著者

小川 秀司

出版者

日本霊長類学会

雑誌

霊長類研究 (ISSN:09124047)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.2, pp.143-158, 2010-12-20 (Released:2011-02-01)

参考文献数

31

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I studied huddling groups of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in the Arashiyama E troop at the “Arashiyama Monkey Park Iwatayama” in Kyoto, central Japan. Japanese macaques made physical contact with other individuals and formed huddling groups when air temperatures were low. The 99-101 adult females and 26-36 adult males in the study troop formed 345 huddling groups during 42 scan samplings in the winter of 2001, and 376 huddling groups during 52 scan samplings in the winter of 2002. The average size of huddling groups was 2.34 (range: 2-7) individuals in 2001, and 2.31 (range: 2-6) individuals in 2002. There was no huddling group of two males. Females more frequently huddled with females than with males. Two maternal kin related females huddled more frequently than unrelated females did. Mother-daughter pairs huddled most frequently. Two individuals usually huddled ventrally-ventrally, ventrally-laterally, and ventrally-dorsally. The distribution of huddling group sizes shows that the approaching individuals did not choose a particular size of huddling. However, the approaching individuals chose locations where they simultaneously contacted with two individuals 1.5 times more frequently than locations where they contacted with only one individual. This choice made the shape of huddling groups triangular and diamond-shaped more frequently than expected. By decision making of each individual, specific patterns emerged in the shape, composition, and position of each individual in huddling groups. As well as huddling behaviors, two and more primate individuals were involved in various social interactions. During the interactions, primates make their decision based on complex cognitive mechanisms and non-linear functions, compete and cooperate with the same opponents in their troop, and predict and manipulate the opponent’s behavior. These traits in social interactions among primates might make their society more complex and interesting.

著者

加藤 斉史 恒松 直幸 大濱 隆司 村山 泰啓

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.10, pp.728-729, 2014-01-01 (Released:2014-01-01)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

関東地方整備局

出版者

国土交通省

巻号頁・発行日

vol.平成23年8月25日, 2011-08-25

著者

桜画廊記録集編集会編

出版者

桜画廊記録集編集会

巻号頁・発行日

2004

著者

永田 治樹

出版者

国立研究開発法人 科学技術振興機構

雑誌

情報管理 (ISSN:00217298)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.7, pp.370-380, 2010 (Released:2010-10-01)

参考文献数

31

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情報社会における図書館の運営方針は,必ずしも明確になってはいない。本稿は,大学図書館の領域で多く展開されているインフォメーション・コモンズを公共図書館に焦点をあて論じようとする。そのためにまず,「共有資源」に関するコモンズの理論において,情報共有のための社会的装置としての図書館がどのように位置づけられるかを確認した。またデジタル化の進展が「デジタル・ジレンマ」といった現象をもたらした状況を把握し,その上で,デジタル資源にも対応できるインフォメーション・コモンズの整備について,公共図書館における現状と今後について言及した。

著者

大西 勇喜謙

出版者

京都大学文学部科学哲学科学史研究室

雑誌

科学哲学科学史研究 (ISSN:18839177)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.101-115, 2008-01-31

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The word "model" has a variety of meanings in many branches of science. Suppes (1960) asserted that those different use of the word can be related to that in mathematical logic. And further, he pointed out the usefulness of the model with this meaning in analyzing many aspects of scientific activity, such as Gedanken experiments and data comparison. Such an attention to the utility of the model later led to a new way of viewing scientific theories called "the Semantic Conception of Theories". In this paper, I survey the transition in the view of scientific theories, and see how important roles models play in the Semantic Conception.

出版者

歴史写真会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第4月號, 1921

著者

山根 望

出版者

山口大学大学院東アジア研究科

雑誌

東アジア研究 (ISSN:13479415)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.21-40, 2011-03

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妊娠が判明してから女性は、激しい身体的・心理的・社会的変化を経験する。特に、初産婦は心理的葛藤を抱える場合が多い。夢は夢主に関する豊かな情報を含み持っているので、妊娠中に女性が心理的に母親になっていくプロセスを明らかにするために初産婦の夢を調査することは非常に有効である。しかしながら、初産婦の夢に関する縦断的研究はほとんど行われていない。本研究では、5人の初産婦から合計165個の夢を収集し、母性に関連する夢の機能という観点から分析した。本研究では、操作的に定義すれば、母性とは次の4つの要素から成る。すなわち、(1)生理、妊娠、出産、授乳などの母性的身体機能、(2)自分よりか弱い者に対する「かわいい」「いとおしい」といった母性的感情、(3)子どもの要求を満たし、適切な養育を行う母性的行動、(4)「この子は私の子どもである」「私はよき母親になりたい」といった母性的意識である。分析をする際には、できる限り夢についての夢主の連想や感想に基づいて夢解釈を行った。その結果、5人に限って言えば、母性に関する機能が少なくとも5つあることが明らかになった。すなわち、(1)受胎を教える機能、(2)母性的行動を練習させる機能、(3)出産に対する準備をさせる機能、(4)育児に関する助言をする機能、(5)母性的意識の発達を促す機能である。妊娠期から夢は母性的行動に関わる具体的場面を設け、夢主に母性的行動を練習させていた。母性的行動(授乳)を練習するなかで夢主の育児不安が減り、母性的感情や母性的意識が発達した事例が2つあった。また、子どもの性別や障害に関する不安が現れた夢を見ることによって、夢主の母性的感情や母性的意識が発達した事例が1つあった。母性に関連した夢を見る頻度は個人差が非常に大きかったが、これは初産婦の性格やそれまでの乳幼児との関わりなど様々な要因が影響していた。

著者

五十嵐 沙千子

出版者

筑波大学哲学・思想学系

雑誌

哲学・思想論集 (ISSN:02867648)

巻号頁・発行日

no.37, pp.178(17)-164(31), 2012-03-30

著者

大垣市 [編]

出版者

大垣市

巻号頁・発行日

vol.中巻, 1930

著者

Hirofumi SATO Yasuhito FUJINO Junko CHINO Masashi TAKAHASHI Kenjiro FUKUSHIMA Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO Kazuyuki UCHIDA Koichi OHNO Hajime TSUJIMOTO

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-0260, (Released:2014-02-10)

被引用文献数

4 41

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The present study was carried out to analyze the prognosis of 163 cats with lymphoma classified anatomically and cytomorphologically. Anatomically, alimentary lymphoma was the most common form, and showed significantly shorter survival than mediastinal and nasal lymphomas in cats. Cytomorphologically, there was no predominant subtype in feline lymphomas. Immunoblastic type (18%), centroblastic type (16%), globule leukocyte type (15%), lymphocytic type (12%), lymphoblastic type (12%), pleomorphic medium and large cell type (10%) and anaplastic large cell type (7%) were relatively common subtypes. Most of cats with globule leukocyte lymphoma were alimentary formed. Comparing median survival time among the classification, cats with globule leukocyte lymphoma showed significantly shorter survival than those with high-grade and other low-grade lymphomas. Futhermore, cats with high-grade lymphoma showed significantly shorter survival than cats with other low-grade lymphoma. The present study indicated the clinical significance of anatomical and cytomorphological evaluation in feline lymphomas.

著者

小島 賢治 本山 秀明 山田 芳則

出版者

北海道大学低温科学研究所

雑誌

低温科學. 物理篇 (ISSN:04393538)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, pp.101-110, 1984-03-05

出版者

大阪砲兵工廠

巻号頁・発行日

1902

著者

高畠 純夫

出版者

東洋大学人間科学総合研究所

雑誌

東洋大学人間科学総合研究所紀要 = The bulletin of the Institute of Human Sciences, Toyo University (ISSN:13492276)

巻号頁・発行日

no.15, pp.31-49, 2013-03

著者

山下 節義 土居 真 西尾 雅七 北條 博厚 田中 昌人

出版者

日本衛生学会

雑誌

日本衛生学雑誌 (ISSN:00215082)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.364-399, 1972-10-28 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

104

被引用文献数

19 36

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In the summer of 1955, 12, 131 children in western Japan were poisoned as a result of the consumpting “Morinaga Dry Milk” (according to 1956 survey conducted by the Welfare Ministry). 130 of children actually died as a result of this poisoning. The arsenic contained in the milk resulted from the poorly purified “Secondary Sodium Phosphate” used as a stabilizer in the manufacturing process of powdered milk.The afflicted infants were those for whom the powdered milk served as a main food and who were physically and mentally in the developing process. Such mass-poisoning had heretofore never been reported in the world.As the symptoms of poisoning disappeared, these children were thought to have been cured. The issue was closed medically and administrationally in 1956 as the conclusion had been reached that there would be no longlasting effects.In 1969, Dr. Maruyama et al. (J.J.P.H. Vol. 16, No. 3, p. 170, 1969) reported continuing effects of this arsenic poisoning, once more reviving the medical and social problem. From that time, surveys of these patients were carried out in several places in western Japan.In Kyoto, from December 1970 to July 1971, inclusive checks were done as follows: Epidemiological Survey (415 Subjects), Clinical Survey (291 Subjects) and Clinical Psychological Survey (261 Subjects).The Kyoto victims presented the following:1. In Kyoto, many victims had a much higher rate of physical and mental complaints than the control group.2. Average height was less than that of the same age group.3. Rate of victims who showed proteinuria (male 14%, female 12%) was higher than that of the same age group.4. Abnormal and borderline brain waves were found to be much higher rate in victims (abnormal 14%, borderline 17%) than average.5. The younger the age of milk consumption, the higher were the rates of abnormal brain waves.6. Central nervous system disorders eq. epilepsy, minimal brain damage syndrome, mental retardation etc. were found to be higher rate than average.7. Numbers of the patients with hardness of hearing (18%) were above average.8. Numbers of the patients with anomaly of refraction (48%) were above average.9. Many victims (64%) had symptoms of skin that characterized pigmentation and depigmentation rashes etc..10. Tooth enamel dysplasia was found in higher rates among victims.11. Numbers of victims (21%) with an IQ of less than 85 exceeded average numbers, according to Educational Ministry Statistics.12. In psychological tests, eq. Uchida-Kraepelin methods, atypical group in victims was found to be higher rate than average.13. Many had irregular and painful menstruation.14. Many complaints of victims continued from infancy.15. The result of this follow-up study is not inconsistent with the result of pathological and clinical report in 1955.16. Clinical findings and diagnostic reports of this survey are just the same as those in Osaka and Okayama etc.As mentioned above, it can be concluded that the physical and mental defects of these victims are the result of consumption of arsenic tainted “Morinaga Dry Milk” and that these persons have received no therapy for 16 years.These victims are now in physical and mental adolescent changes. As they have had no follow-up medical care, a prediction of their health in adult hood is impossible.For these reasons, a continuation of the surveys is most necessary, and, counterplans-social care, health consultations, psychological counselling including educational problems etc.-should be carried out by medical and psychological specialists.

著者

小栁 香織 窪田 敏夫 小林 大介 木原 太郎 吉田 武雄 三井所 尊正 斎藤 友亮 打越 英恵 高木 淳一 瀬尾 隆 島添 隆雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.13-00181, (Released:2013-08-23)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

6 17

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Pharmacists, being compensated through the new dispensing fee, are required to educate patients on their adhesion to the use of prescribed drugs, and to inventory the levels of leftover drugs in outpatients. Recently, Fukuoka City Pharmaceutical Association started a campaign for regulating leftover drugs (Setsuyaku Bag Campaign). Thirty-one pharmacies joined the campaign. Pharmacists distributed convenience bags, called ‘SETSUYAKU-BAG.’ The patients put their leftover drugs in the bags and brought them to community pharmacies. The pharmacists inventoried the returned drugs and reported their results to the doctors. The doctors adjusted the prescriptions accordingly. We counted and analyzed old and new inventories. The number of leftover drugs was 252, for a total value was &yen839,655. Cost of leftover drug prescriptions could be reduced by &yen702,695, and the value of drugs thrown away was &yen94,801. In total, we could reduce the amount of leftover drugs by 83.7%. The cost of leftover drug for one dose package (ODP) is higher than that for non-ODP. However, there were no significant differences in results per age, sex, number and kinds of drugs, prescription days and premium contribution rate. These results suggest that prescription regulation by inventory of leftover drugs in community pharmacies could significantly reduce overall medical expenses. Further studies are necessary in order to account for patients' health, and to establish more efficient patient education to raise outpatients' adherence to the new programs.

著者

何晏 集解

出版者

中華学芸社

巻号頁・発行日

vol.一, 1929

出版者

尊経閣文庫

巻号頁・発行日

vol.〔本編〕, 1935

著者

白石芳留 編

出版者

酒井本店

巻号頁・発行日

vol.続, 1943