著者
黒田 公美
出版者
公益社団法人 日本農芸化学会
雑誌
化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.51, no.11, pp.745-753, 2013-11-01 (Released:2014-11-01)
参考文献数
47

人間を含め,哺乳類の子は幼弱に生まれるため,哺乳をはじめとして身体をきれいに保つ,保温する,外敵から守るといったさまざまな親からの養育(子育て)を受けなければ成長することができない.そのため親の脳には養育行動に必要な神経回路が生得的に備わっている.一方,子の側も受動的に世話をされるだけの存在ではなく,親を覚え,後を追い,声や表情でシグナルを送るなどの愛着行動を積極的に行って親との絆を維持している.親の養育が不適切な場合でも通常子から親を拒否することはなく,親をなだめ,しがみつき,何とか良い関係を取り戻そうと努力する.社会や自然界でごく当たり前に営まれている親子関係は,実はこのように親子双方の日々の活動によって支えられているのである.親子関係はすべての哺乳類の存続に必須であるため,子の愛着・親の養育本能を司る脳内メカニズムも基本的な部分は進化的に保存されていると考えられる.したがってマウスモデルを用いた愛着・養育行動研究が,将来的にヒトの親子関係とその問題の解明に役立つことは十分期待できる.本稿では,マウスを用いた最近の研究を中心に,養育行動の概要とそれを制御する分子神経機構についてご紹介する.
著者
西田 茂樹 木村 正文
出版者
The Japanese Society of Health and Human Ecology
雑誌
民族衛生 (ISSN:03689395)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.4, pp.224-234, 1992-07-30 (Released:2010-06-28)
参考文献数
21

The purpose of this study is re-evaluation of population dynamics, especially of marriage, divorce, and birth and stillbirth by legitimacy, in Japan before the first population Census. Formerly we reported results of similar analysis for the period between 1872 and 1898. In this study, we have investigated the successive period from 1899 to 1919 which is the preceding year of the first Census. The marriage rates over this period were estimated to be around 50 to 60 per 1, 000 unmarried women over age 15. These figures are very low in comparison with those of the period after 1920. The official statistics of population before 1920 was based on "the Koseki (family registration system)" in contrary to the census after 1920. This difference may contribute the lower marriage rates for the period of this study. The divorce rates were estimated to be 6.0 to 8.4 per 1, 000 married women and showed a clear decrease since 1899. The illegitimate birth was found to be very frequent in the study period. It was estimated that one out of fifty unmarried women beared one child per annum. But the ratio of illegitimate births to all birth had showed a decline since 1912. The sex ratio of illegitimate birth was found to be lower than that of legitimate birth. The illegitimate stillbirth rates were around two and a half times higher than those of the legimate. It is considered that the enactment of the Civil Law in 1898 had contributable influence on these trends of marriage, divorce and the legitimacy of child.

3 0 0 0 OA 帝国信用録

著者
帝国興信所 編
出版者
帝国興信所
巻号頁・発行日
vol.31版(昭和13年), 1938

3 0 0 0 OA 美的道徳

著者
木村鷹太郎 著
出版者
大日本図書
巻号頁・発行日
1908
著者
柏原 正和
出版者
日本医科大学医学会
雑誌
日本医科大学雑誌 (ISSN:00480444)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, no.12, pp.1113-1114, 1955-12-15 (Released:2010-10-14)
参考文献数
11
著者
櫻庭 京子 今泉 敏 筧 一彦
出版者
日本音声学会
雑誌
音声研究 (ISSN:13428675)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.8, no.1, pp.77-84, 2004-04-30 (Released:2017-08-31)
被引用文献数
1

A primary purpose of this study was to examine the difference in identification by Japanese and English listeners of vocally-expressed emotions (happy, sad, angry, and neutral) on the utterance "pikachuu" as generated by Japanese and American children. Both sets of listeners identified the emotions uttered by Japanese children better than those by American children, but the difference was not significant. A second purpose of the study was to examine the acoustic differences between the Japanese and American English children's productions of 'pikachuu.' The results showed that in expression of emotions, the dynamic range of F0 was similar in the two languages; however, the length of syllables varied, reflecting language-specific characteristics.
著者
Hayato Yamamoto Masanori Takemura Misato Tachibana Junzo Tsujita Tatsuya Hojo
出版者
Japan Society of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences
雑誌
International Journal of Sport and Health Science (ISSN:13481509)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.202001, (Released:2020-05-30)
参考文献数
18
被引用文献数
2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of match results (win-loss, score differential) on the physical performance of rugby union teams to improve training and conditioning and provide ideas for use on the playing field. Methods: Data were obtained from 45 official matches over the 2013, 2014, and 2015 seasons of one team. Global positioning system units with built-in accelerometers were worn by the players; the per-match total distances, accelerations, and impact forces were calculated for the forwards and backs. Match results consisted of two elements: win–loss result and score differential. Results: Data showed that each parameter had high values in closely fought matches when a team lost or when the point differential was small. In addition, physical performance was impacted differently from one position to another. Forwards engaged in significantly less high-acceleration and high-impact activity in wins but significantly higher activities in close matches (p < 0.05). Backs engaged in significantly higher impacts (i.e., harder/more tackles) in close matches (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on these data, some suggestions for new approaches that can be adopted by strength and conditioning coaches to optimize training-related performance and prevent sports injuries have been included.
著者
井元 敏明
出版者
一般社団法人 日本生物物理学会
雑誌
生物物理 (ISSN:05824052)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.30, no.3, pp.146-150, 1990-05-25 (Released:2009-05-25)
参考文献数
17
被引用文献数
2 5

Gymnemic acids, a mixture of triterpene glucuronides extracted from the Indian plant Gymnema sylvestre, have been known to suppress the sweet taste sensation in man. Recent studies have revealed that gymnemic acids showed inhibitory effects not only on glucose absorption in the rat small intestine, but also on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans. These findings suggest that gymnemic acids interact with various proteins which take part in sugar discriminations.
著者
福田 アジオ
出版者
国立歴史民俗博物館
雑誌
国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 (ISSN:02867400)
巻号頁・発行日
no.43, pp.p195-227, 1992-03

本稿は、今回の研究計画の定点調査地の一つである静岡県沼津市大平において継続的な調査を行なってきた結果の報告である。個別地域の個性は、自らの地域の歴史認識によって大きく支えられ、あるいは形成されるものと予想しつつ、調査を行なった。人々の自分たちの社会に対する認識が歴史を作り出すと言ってもよいであろう。史実としての歴史だけでなく、意識される歴史、あるいは時には作り出される架空の歴史的世界も含めて、民俗的歴史世界を文字資料と現実の民俗事象の双方から追いかけることを意図した。幸いにして大平には前者の問題を究明するに適う年代記という興味深い人々の作り出した歴史書がある。大平を対象村落としたのも、この年代記が存在したからである。調査はこれを基点にして、その内容と現実の豊富な民俗との関わりを考察することに主眼を置いた。なお、大平の民俗については、本調査とほぼ同じ時期に並行して別の調査が実施され、民俗誌の形式での調査報告書が刊行されている(静岡県史民俗調査報告書『大平の民俗』)。本稿では、それとの重複をできるだけ避けて、大平の民俗的な特質を把握すべく内容を絞ったので、大平の具体的な民俗については網羅的には記述していない。大平の民俗的特質は以下のように理解することが可能であろう。大平の開発過程とその後の狩野川との戦いの連続が、大平の現在まで伝承されてきた民俗を作り出したと言えよう。道祖神祭祀自体は駿東から伊豆に大きく展開しているものであり、大平もその分布地域内の一村落に過ぎない。また道切り行事も全国的に行なわれているもので珍しいものではないし、大平のように札を笹竹に挟んで立てることもごく一般的な姿である。しかし、その道祖神祭祀や道切り行事を夏に重点を置いて行なっているのは必ずしも一般例とは言えない。大平が開発形成過程で背負った条件がこのような特色ある領域をめぐる民俗を作り出し、維持させてきたものと理解できる。そして、その歴史の重みが現在なお近隣の諸村落では見ることのないほどの熱心さでこの二つの民俗を保持しているのであろう。This paper reports the results of investigations continuously carried out at Ohira in Numazu City, Shizuoka Prefecture, which is one of the fixed investigation points of this research project.The investigation was conducted with the presumption that the individuality of an area should have been strongly influenced or formed by its people's historical consciousness of the area; in other words, people's consciousness of their society should have created their history. The author aimed to approach the world of folk history, including not only history as historical facts, but also history as it exists in people's consciousness, or sometimes the fictional world of created history, from the viewpoints of both written documents and actual folklore. Fortunately, there exists at Ohira an interesting historical document compiled by its people, which is a chronicle appropriate for clarifying the above problem. It was because this chronicle exists that Ohira was designated for investigation. Based on the chronicle, the investigation focused on an examination of the relationship between its content and the many actual folk customs. Almost at the same time, another investigation was carried on in parallel on the folk customs of Ohira, the results of which were compiled and published as an monographical investigation report (Shizuoka Prefectural History, Folk customs Investigation Report entitled "Folk customs of Ohira"). In this paper efforts have been made to avoid duplicating the above report, and the content has been limited to focus on an understanding of the characteristics of the village; so the present report does not describe the folk customs of Ohira in comprehensive detail.The folk characteristics of Ohira may be understood as follows; Its process of development and subsequent continued struggle against the Kano River created the folk customs which have been handed down to the present. The worship of Dôsojin (the quardian deity at the village borders) itself has developed widely from Eastern Suruga to Izu, and Ohira is just one village within this area of distribution. The Michikiri (boundary-marking) ceremony, which has spread nationwide, is not rare, either. The custom of erecting a charm clipped between a split bamboo stalk, as seen at Ohira, is also a normal style. Nevertheless, it is not usual for these religious services toward Dosojin and Michikiri ceremonies to be held mainly in the summer season, as in the case in Ohira. It can be considered that the circumstances under which Ohira has developed and formed have created and maintained the characteristic boundary-marking folk customs described above. The weight of history may still preserve these two customs with a zeal that cannot now be seen in neighboring villages.
著者
木下 まどか 藤井 範久
出版者
バイオメカニズム学会
雑誌
バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.22, pp.143-154, 2014 (Released:2017-02-15)
参考文献数
12
被引用文献数
1

本研究の目的は, テコンドーの前回し蹴りを三次元動作分析することで, テコンドー特有の 「速い」 かつ 「早い」 蹴り動作について知見を得ることであった. そこで, 蹴り脚のキックスピードに対する下胴および蹴り脚各関節の運動におけるキネマティクス的貢献を算出した. その結果, インパクト時の膝関節伸展動作による貢献はキックスピードの約60%を占めていた. 上位群は下胴左回旋, 股関節屈曲角速度を適切なタイミングで大きくすることにより, 膝関節伸展に作用する膝関節力を生成していた. したがって, 膝関節伸展動作による貢献を増加させ, 「速い」 かつ 「早い」 蹴り動作を行うために, 下胴および股関節の動きが重要であると推察された.