著者

浜野 研三

出版者

関西学院大学

雑誌

関西学院哲学研究年報 (ISSN:02892928)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.49-62, 2003-06-10

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大学から依頼があり、本文は非公開にした。

著者

原沢 文弥

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.5, pp.277-291, 1958-05-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

57

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The consolidation of the post towns on the five main highways, and on the other roads designated. by the Tokugawa government, was originally for the supply of men and horses for official needs, chiefly for the going up to and coming down from Edo for the alternate-year residence of daimyos. In using the regularly stationed men and horses at these post towns, official needs were first met on priority basis and the transportation of common travellers and merchants' goods and luggage was always deferred. The chief duty of post towns was to offer men and horses for official traffic, which was indeed a heavy burden to these towns. Although taxation on the lands they lived on was exempted in compensation for the expense and service, it was not sufficient to make up for the loss. Therefore, these towns were permitted to cover it by gaining profit offering service for common travellers and carrying merchandise in their leisure hours, or by obtaining the license of keeping inns and shops in the towns. The profit thus gained by transporting goods and luggage of common travellers was very importan_??_ to maintain the functions of post towns. But private travellers and goods were not only deferred in transport but were transshipped at every post town. And this transsipment had such shortcomings as damage in the goods, delay in the time of transport, and more cost in carriage and commission. It was only too natural, therefore, that merchandise in general tried to avoid being forwarded in this relay system; they would have avoided if they had been able to. But the system was protected and carried out by the authority of the government; the five main highways and the other roads designated by the government were privileged traffic routes located with the strong governmental protection at their back. The inconveniences of these routes were not keenly felt in the earlier stages of the Edo government, when traffic was not so dense and transport of merchandise was small. Besides, the authority of the government made it impossible for people to resist. But as more merchandise came to be transferred and more people began to travel, the inconveniences and conflict of interests became more and more apparent. By and by there appeared gradually an indication that people would try to avoid the privileged routes. In addition, the gradual loosening of the government in the enforcement of laws and regulations accelerated the tendency. Consequently, there arose a new means of transport contrived by private transport agencies to forward merchandise through by carriers using horses or oxen. These carriers and horses (or oxen) sometimes avoided certain post towns on the way; mostly they tried to utilize only the byways if available. Thus the new means of transport was born by the need of cheap and puick way of forwarding goods, while the old privileged routes had the protection of the government or feudal lords in their background. As the traffic on the byways prosperd, more goods came to be sent by them and the main highways wera more neglected, which was a vital problem to post towns since their functions must be paralyzed in the end. The two were destined to conflict and the power of the government was another factor to complicate the matter. This made a characteristic feature of the traffic system in the Edo period, especially in its middle and later stages. Whether one liked it or not, the situation turned favorable on the byways and the traffic on them became more and more heavy while it became impossible in the end to maintain the post-town system. The Present study has chosen a certain area with the Usui Pass in its center where byways developed most remarkably and using litigious document and maps of villages preserved in places which used to be post towns, has considered the relation between the post towns and the byway traffic.

著者

瀬戸山 徹ニ郎

出版者

水産大学校

雑誌

水産大学校研究報告 (ISSN:03709361)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.79-87, 1988-03

著者

FERREIRA Luiz A 澤渡 信之 戸田 晃一

出版者

富山県立大学

雑誌

富山県立大学紀要 (ISSN:09167633)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.pp15-24, 2010-03

著者

Minghao Yang Ruiting Zuo Liqiong Wang Xiong Chen Yanke Tan Xin Li

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

SOLA (ISSN:13496476)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.74-78, 2018 (Released:2018-06-26)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3

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Based on 55-yr output data from the historical runs of twelve Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5 (CMIP5) models and a NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis, we evaluate the capability of those models to simulate the interannual variability of the winter North Atlantic storm track (WNAST). It is found that the multi-model ensemble (MME) is better than any single models in reflecting the spatial distribution of WNAST interannual variability and has the smallest root mean square error (RMSE). The strengths of the interannual variations in half of the models are universally weaker than in the NCEP reanalysis. In addition, the simulated interannual variability vary largely among these models in (55°N–65°N, 35°W–0°). MPI-ESM-LR, FGOALS-s2 and MRI-CGCM3 have relatively better abilities than other models to reflect the interannual variability of WNAST strength, longitude and latitude indices respectively. However, the interannual variability of WNAST longitude and latitude indices (strength index) are (is) overestimated (underestimated) in MME.

著者

喜田川季荘 著

出版者

国学院大学出版部

巻号頁・発行日

vol.下 原名守貞漫稿, 1908

著者

鉄道省運輸局 編纂

出版者

鉄道教育会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.昭和17年9月1日現行, 1942

著者

交告 尚史

出版者

有斐閣

雑誌

法学教室 (ISSN:03892220)

巻号頁・発行日

no.355, pp.26-30, 2010-04

著者

川窪 啓資

出版者

麗澤大学

雑誌

麗澤レヴュー : 英米文化研究 (ISSN:13421115)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.32-45, 1995

著者

新井 浩文

出版者

埼玉県立文書館

雑誌

文書館紀要 (ISSN:09116648)

巻号頁・発行日

no.16, pp.17-37, 2003-03

著者

菊香会 編

出版者

菊香会

巻号頁・発行日

1926

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1940年09月28日, 1940-09-28

著者

遠藤 克弥

出版者

慶應義塾大学大学院社会学研究科

雑誌

慶応義塾大学大学院社会学研究科紀要 (ISSN:0912456X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.p77-86, 1987

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論文はじめにI. 教会からの分離と「神なき大学」II. 公的援助・統制と大学の管理・運営III. 農本主義政策IV. 反フェデラリスト政策と共和主義の砦結語

著者

福岡 安則 好井 裕明

出版者

千葉県立衛生短期大学

雑誌

千葉県立衛生短期大学紀要 (ISSN:02885034)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.73-84, 1984

著者

小田 勝

出版者

岐阜聖徳学園大学

雑誌

岐阜聖徳学園大学紀要. 外国語学部編 (ISSN:13460897)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.85-93, 2008-02-28

著者

綱川 孝俊 白井 厚太朗

出版者

日本魚類学会

雑誌

魚類学雑誌 (ISSN:00215090)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18-009, (Released:2018-06-30)

参考文献数

62

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The migratory histories of individual masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou collected from the Naka River, Tochigi, Japan were clarified from otolith strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) concentrations using X‒ray electron microprobe analysis. Mapping and line analysis indicated three migratory types of the species. In addition to the conventional types, such as freshwater resident and typical anadromous (spending one year in marine waters), a new migratory pattern of short marine term anadromous (remaining in marine waters for several months) was apparent. Detailed life histories of short marine term anadromous individuals were estimated from otolith Sr fluctuations and ageing, from both scale and otolith daily increments. Consequently, more than half of the Naka River population was estimated to migrate to a marine environment upon reaching a total length of 178‒252 mm (one year old) in December‒January, thereafter staying in marine waters for approximately five months, before returning to the river in May‒July at 345‒463 mm total length. These findings may help establish an enhancement method for this species as a recreational fishery stock. Future investigations, including tagging, verification of age evaluation methods, and gene analysis are necessary to confirm the existence of the short marine term anadromous form.

著者

Hiroki Ito Shizuka Bando Kosuke Oiwa Akio Nozawa

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌) (ISSN:03854221)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.7, pp.812-821, 2018-07-01 (Released:2018-07-01)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

1

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An imbalance of the circadian rhythm due to an irregular lifestyle leads to autonomic dystonia. The long-hour variations of the physiological indices such as core temperature and heart rate variability, associated with the autonomic nervous activity, have been focused. Additionally, the relationships between these physiological indices and facial skin temperature have been reported. The objective of this study is to identify the day-long variable components of facial thermal images (FTIs) to evaluate the corresponding variations of autonomic nervous activity by non-contact measurement. In this study, the measured FTIs were subjected to independent component analysis (ICA). Additionally, multiple regression analysis was performed to estimate the relationships between independent components, extracted from FTIs, and other psychophysiological indices, associated with autonomic nervous activity. As a result, the facial day-long variable components, representing the reproducible rhythm through multiple days, were identified by applying ICA to several different combinations of FTIs. Moreover, these components were associated with the axillary temperature. Therefore, the long-period variations, associated with autonomic nervous activity, could be evaluated from the facial skin temperature.

著者

Kosuke Oiwa Shizuka Bando Akio Nozawa

出版者

The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan

雑誌

電気学会論文誌C(電子・情報・システム部門誌) (ISSN:03854221)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.138, no.7, pp.783-789, 2018-07-01 (Released:2018-07-01)

参考文献数

36

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Hypertension is one of the leading risk factors for cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and chronic kidney diseases. Regular measurement and monitoring of blood pressure is important to decrease or prevent pathogenesis of diseases. Contactless measurement of blood pressure using a smartphone application, can enable regular monitoring. The objective of this study is to construct a system which can monitor blood pressure anytime and anywhere. In this study, contactless blood pressure assessment was attempted, using facial visible image analysis and created individual models for blood pressure estimation. Variation in brightness of the skin color was obtained from facial visible images and applied to independent component analysis, which is one of the blind source separation methods to extract the facial photoplethysmogram (PPG) component using a proposed system. Amplitude and phase of facial PPG component were used as indices for blood pressure. A correlation analysis between facial PPG component and blood pressure was performed and created individual models for blood pressure estimation.

著者

大蔵省印刷局 [編]

出版者

日本マイクロ写真

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1942年02月17日, 1942-02-17

著者

河野 圭祐 小出 智士 今村 千絵 田所 幸浩

出版者

人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会全国大会論文集 (ISSN:13479881)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, 2017

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タンパク質の立体構造の局所構造である二次構造を予測する研究が多数行われている.中でもLSTM による予測は高精度であるが,LSTMの内部はブラックボックスになっており,どのような判断基準で予測しているかを理解することは難しい.学習された予測モデルの妥当性を評価するために,本論では,LSTMによるタンパク質二次構造予測モデルをSaliency Mapによって可視化し,生物学な知見と比較する.