著者

田中 正之

出版者

美学会

雑誌

美学 (ISSN:05200962)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.3, pp.25-36, 1999-12-31 (Released:2017-05-22)

---

Woman's eye is one of the most important motives in Man Ray's works. However, in his images of woman's eye, the organ of sight is quite often manipulated, sometimes even violently, and the images acquire a very uncanny nature. This uncanny manipulation of woman's eye in Man Ray's oeuvre, both in photographs and objects, can be divided into four categories : "the Gazing Monster or Surrealist Medusa, " "the Enucleated Eye, " "the Closed Eye, " "Beheading." The last can be regarded as the manipulation of woman's eye, because it is a way of punishing a woman with evil eyes like Medusa, who is exterminated by Perseus through decapitation. The uncanny nature created by these manipulations squarely corresponds to the Freudian concept of the Uncanny. In his analysis of uncanny effects in E, T, A, Hoffmann's novel, The Sand-Man, Freud defines the source of the uncanny as the castration anxiety symbolized by the eye torn out. All the four types of manipulations in Man Ray's images of woman's eye can be found in this or other Freud's essays on the castration anxiety. By visualizing this anxiety repressed in the unconscious or "the return of the repressed, " Man Ray created the true Surrealist image of the emancipation from the reason and order through the direct manifestation of the unconscious.

著者

井東 猛

出版者

Japan Society for Southeast Asian Studies

雑誌

東南アジア -歴史と文化- (ISSN:03869040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1985, no.14, pp.44-66, 1985-06-01 (Released:2010-02-25)

---

In the study of Islamization, main interest of research has centred upon the questions as to when Islam came, from where and by whom it was brought to the region, and upon particular Islamic mystical teachings. Studies of these problems in the last one century have certainly presented us with new findings related to the Islamization of Southeast Asia in general. However, this does not mean at all that the question of the Islamization of the region has conclusively been solved. In fact, little is known about the establishing process of the Islamization or the position of Islam in various Islamic states in the region.The overall, establishing process of the Islamization may be studied from two view-points, apart from those mentioned above. One concerns the acceptance in indigenous society or state of Islam as religion and creed, and the role played by the rulers or state in its acceptance. The other is the acceptance of Islamic Law in the existing legal system, or the Islamization of the legal system of a given state.This paper aims to look at the administration of law and justice in seventeenth century Aceh as a case study of the establishing process of the Islamization from the latter point of view. As necessary background information for a better understanding of the present theme, the following may be noted.It is known that Bandar Aceh, the capital of the Sultanate of Aceh, presented the appearance of one of the major centres of Islamic studies in the Malayo-Indonesian world from the last quarter of the sixteenth century onwards. As a result of this, by the end of the century, at the latest, Islamic Law had become an established force, and consequently the prescriptions of Islamic Law had begun to exert their influence on the Acehnese, particulary on those in the capital. As for the relationship between Islam and the state, the Acehnese rulers used Islam to assert their ritual authority and supremacy. Just as Islam helped the rulers, the rulers also helped Islam by raising it to the position of a state religion, by supporting its institutions and by raising the clergy to influential positions.The present theme is divided into three. Section I takes up the legal system of the Sultanate. Section II examines various cases and punishment, both ‘criminal’ and ‘civil’ in nature. Section III looks at the royal edict of 1726 which offers how the Acehnese of the eighteenth century regarded the administration of law and justice in the seventeenth century.As a result of research, it can be concluded that Islamic Law exerted considerable influence upon the administration of law and justice through the efforts and influence of the senior religious figures of the realm, who were the rulers' religious and spiritual preceptors. This was particularly true for Acehnese social and family life in the urban area of the capital. The implementation of Islamic Law can be easily observed in a number of actual cases. In fact, the ruler as head of an Islamic state, and Islam as both creed source of law were inseparably linked, the ruler playing a central part in the judicature. Nevertheless, the Islamic legal system as such occupied a secondary position in the overall legal system of the Sultanate. The will, and often whim, of the sovereign was, in effect, the prime and ultimate law of the Sultanate, and administrative practices based on such precedents, i. e. the will of ruler, came in time to be regarded as ‘adat’ in the eyes of the Acehnese of the capital, ‘adat’ as ruler-made unwritten law and not traditional customary law and practice which have been defined as adat law by Dutch legal scholars. Furthermore, the degree of the rulers as law-givers and of the enforcement of Islamic Law largely depended on their political authority and religious conviction. As for the Kadi Malik al-'Adil as the representaive of the rulers, this position may perhaps best be seen as the head of the leg

著者

石川理紀之助 編

出版者

石川理紀之助

巻号頁・発行日

vol.第2号, 1894

著者

稲村不二雄, 生内玲子 著

出版者

実業之日本社

巻号頁・発行日

1962

著者

高速道路調査会交通容量特別研究部会 編

出版者

高速道路調査会

巻号頁・発行日

1961

著者

小平 邦彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本数学会

雑誌

数学 (ISSN:0039470X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.3, pp.177-191, 1948-11-30 (Released:2008-12-25)

参考文献数

14

著者

今泉定介 編

出版者

吉川弘文館

巻号頁・発行日

vol.武家名目抄(塙保己一), 1906

著者

溝川 藍

出版者

一般社団法人 日本教育心理学会

雑誌

教育心理学研究 (ISSN:00215015)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.4, pp.410-420, 2021-12-30 (Released:2021-12-28)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

4

---

子育てや保育・教育の現場では,子どもにとっての失敗経験に対して,大人が肯定的な言葉かけを行うことがある。先行研究からは,他者の心に関する理解が未発達な子どもほど,失敗場面でのほめ言葉を肯定的に受け入れることが示されているものの,児童期以降の発達的変化に関しては未解明である。本研究では,児童を対象に質問紙調査を実施し(N=455,6―12歳),失敗したにもかかわらず教師からほめられた際の反応について,二次の誤信念理解とエンゲージメント(学習への取り組みの指標)との関連から検討した。その結果,失敗場面でのほめ言葉に対する反応は,年齢が高いほど,また感情的エンゲージメントが低いほどネガティブであることが示された。さらに,ほめ方と二次の誤信念理解と行動的エンゲージメントの二次の交互作用が認められ,失敗場面で「よくできたね」と結果についてほめられた際に,行動的エンゲージメント高群においては,二次の誤信念理解ができない児童ほど,怒り感情を経験しやすいことが示された。これらの結果から,ほめ方やほめる状況だけでなく,心の理解の発達や学習への取り組みの個人差を考慮して言葉かけを行う必要性が示唆された。

著者

岡 道男

出版者

京都大学 (Kyoto University)

巻号頁・発行日

1977-07-23

---

新制・論文博士

出版者

東京図書

巻号頁・発行日

vol.[第7], 1969

著者

平原 達也

出版者

一般社団法人 日本音響学会

雑誌

日本音響学会誌 (ISSN:03694232)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.3, pp.172-179, 2020-03-01 (Released:2020-09-01)

参考文献数

21

著者

久保田宣伝研究所 編

出版者

ダヴィッド社

巻号頁・発行日

1959

著者

山川 香織 大平 英樹

出版者

日本生理心理学会

雑誌

生理心理学と精神生理学 (ISSN:02892405)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.40-52, 2018 (Released:2020-03-13)

参考文献数

81

被引用文献数

1

---

過度のストレスに曝されるような危機的な状況において,われわれは不合理な選択をしてしまうことがある。危機的状況によって生じた自律神経系,内分泌系,免疫系などの生物学的反応は,情報の更新や感情処理などに関連する脳領域を修飾しヒトの意思決定を変容させる。これまでの研究により,異なる時間的特性をもつそれぞれの生物学的反応が,認知・行動に特異的な影響を与える可能性が示されている。本論では,急性ストレス暴露が意思決定に与える影響およびその背景にある認知機能に関する実証的知見を概観する。そして基盤となる神経・生物学的メカニズムについて時間的要因の観点から考察し,その適応的役割について論ずる。

著者

西山 莉紗 竹内 広宜 渡辺 日出雄 那須川 哲哉

出版者

一般社団法人 人工知能学会

雑誌

人工知能学会論文誌 (ISSN:13460714)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.6, pp.541-548, 2009 (Released:2009-10-20)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

3 2

---

It is important for R&D managers, consultants, and other people seeking broad knowledge in technology fields to survey technical literature such as research papers, white papers, and technology news articles. One of the important kinds of information for those people regards the effectiveness of new technologies in their own businesses. General search engines are good at selecting documents revealing the details of a specific technology or a technology field, but it is hard to obtain useful information about how a technology will apply to individual business cases from such search results. There is a need for a technology survey assistance tool that helps users find technologies with suitable capabilities. In this paper, two technical tasks were tackled to develop the prototype of this assistance tool: Extraction of advantage phrases and scoring for the advantage phrases to find novel applications in the target technology field. We describe a new method to identify advantage phrases in technical documents and our scoring function that gives higher scores to novel applications of the technology. The results of evaluations showed our phrase identification method with only a few phrasal patterns performs almost as well as human annotators, and the proposed scoring conforms better to the decisions made by professionals than random sort.

著者

Hiroyuki Kikuchi Masaki Machida Itaru Nakamura Reiko Saito Yuko Odagiri Noritoshi Fukushima Tomoko Takamiya Shiho Amagasa Keisuke Fukui Takako Kojima Hidehiro Watanabe Shigeru Inoue

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JE20210397, (Released:2022-04-16)

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

6

---

BackgroundThis longitudinal study aimed to investigate how psychological distress levels changed from early to middle phases of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic depending on the living arrangements of individuals.MethodAn internet-based, longitudinal survey of 2,400 Japanese people was conducted every 5-6 weeks between February 2020 and January 2021. The presence of severe psychological distress (SPD) was measured using the Kessler’s psychological distress scale. Living arrangements were classified into two groups, i.e. living alone or living with others. Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was performed to assess whether changes in SPD status were different depending on living arrangements.ResultsOf 2400 respondents, 446 (18.5%) lived alone. Although the proportion of SPD in both individuals living alone and those living with others increased to the same extent in the early phase of the pandemic, however, after early phase of pandemic, the distress levels decreased in the group living with others, compared with the group living alone, which remained high. The odds ratio (OR) of developing SPD in interaction term with survey phases tended to be higher among those who lived alone than those who lived with others in Phase 6 (OR: 1.89, CI: 0.99-3.64) and Phase 7 (OR:1.88, CI: 0.97-3.63)ConclusionsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, those living alone are persistently at a higher risk of SPD compared to those living with others. Effective countermeasures targeting those living alone such as enhancing online communication or providing psychological therapies are essential.

著者

吉田 文和

巻号頁・発行日

2012-10-19

---

環境政策セミナー:再生可能エネルギーとグリーンエコノミー(Seminar on Environmental Policy:Renewable Energy & Green Economy). 2012年10月19日. 北海道大学学術交流会館講堂 , 札幌市.

著者

尾崎 俊介

出版者

愛知教育大学外国語外国文学研究会

雑誌

外国語研究 (ISSN:02881861)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.43-59, 2018-03-31

著者

日本防衛装備工業会 編

出版者

日本防衛装備工業会

巻号頁・発行日

vol.(252);1968・5, 1968-05

著者

長宗 秀明

出版者

日本細菌学会

雑誌

日本細菌学雑誌 (ISSN:00214930)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.3, pp.425-435, 2008 (Released:2008-08-25)

参考文献数

67

被引用文献数

1

---

連鎖球菌属を構成する6菌群の一つであるアンギノーサス群連鎖球菌(AGS)は,主に口腔内の常在細菌叢に存在する細菌である。AGSは日和見的に口腔内や深部臓器において化膿性疾患を引き起こすが,歯周病や上部消化器癌との関連性も疑われるなど,その臨床的な重要性が高まってきている。しかしAGSは菌種間での遺伝子伝搬が頻発する傾向があり分類に混乱があったことから,病原性の検討が遅れている菌群である。AGSも他の連鎖球菌と類似の宿主細胞への定着因子や免疫撹乱性物質などを生産することが知られており,特に近年になって,AGSの一種で中枢神経系に感染症を起こしやすいS. intermediusではヒトに高い特異性を示すという特徴的な溶血毒素インターメディリシンが見いだされた。本稿ではAGS感染症に関与する可能性が高いこれらの主要な病原因子について紹介したい。

著者

山住 賢司 籠宮 隆之 槙 洋一 前川 喜久雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本音響学会

雑誌

日本音響学会誌 (ISSN:03694232)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.6, pp.303-311, 2005-06-01 (Released:2017-06-02)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

---

『日本語話し言葉コーパス』に収録された音声を用い, 講演音声の特徴を捉える印象評定尺度の構築を試みた。まず先行研究等で用いられた評価語を収集すると共に講演音声を実際に聞かせて印象を自由記述させたデータからも評価語の抽出を行った。計52項目の評価語を候補として選出し, 50名規模の評定者を用いて印象評定を2度実施した。得られた印象評定データに対して因子分析を行い, 評価語の絞り込みを行った。その結果, 上手さ・好悪・速さ感・活動性・スタイルという五つの特徴を測る尺度が完成した。各尺度の信頼性はいずれも高く実用に足るものであった。