著者

中村 有吾 松本 亜希子 中川 光弘

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.114, no.4, pp.549-560, 2005-12-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

8 6

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The AD1663 ejecta of Usu volcano, western Hokkaido, northern Japan, have a thickness of approximately 200, cm and are divisible into 7 units on the eastern foot of Usu volcano. The basal deposit, Unit-A, is composed of fine-grained, poorly sorted pumice and ash with well-developed stratification. It contains base surge beds near the sources, and is interpreted as phreatomagmatic in origin. Unit-B is typical in many respects of the product of plinian activity. It is characterized by coarse grain size and wide dispersal, combined with low lithic contents and poor development of internal stratification. This fallout deposit (Usu-b tephra) can be seen in the eastern regions of Usu volcano, and has a thickness of about 4 cm at 200 km from the vent. Unit-C, Unit-E, Unit-F, and Unit-G have characteristics that are satisfactorily interpreted as a consequence of phreatomagmatic activity : fine grain size near source, poor sorting, well-developed stratification and base surge bedforms. Unit-D is typical of phreatic deposits, being composed largely of non-juvenile lithic fragments.According to historical records, the eruption was preceeded by earthquake swarms for 3 days from August 13, 1663. The first eruption (Unit-A) occurred on August 16, followed by an eruption associated with a large amount of pumice and ash (Unit-B) on August 17. The explosive eruptions lasted approximately 20 days.The petrographic properties of the plinian product differ considerably from those of the phreatomagmatic products. The pumice clasts of Unit-B contain abundant glass and little phenocryst (plagioclase, orthopyroxene, and hornblende). The glass has a relatively high refractive index (n = 1.490-1.492) and a low SiO2 content. Orthopyroxene in Unit-B has a relatively high refractive index (γ = 1.735-1.740) and low Mg#. The phreatomagmatic products are rich in massive glass. This glass has a relatively low refractive index (n = 1.475-1.490) and a high SiO2 content, with values differing among horizons. The compositional diversity of the 1663 products indicates the existence of some magma. Presumably, their mixing triggered the 1663 eruption of Usu volcano.

著者

相原 隆貴 小林 慧人 髙野(竹中) 宏平 深澤 圭太 中園 悦子 尾関 雅章 松井 哲哉

出版者

日本景観生態学会

雑誌

景観生態学 (ISSN:18800092)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.2, pp.137-146, 2020 (Released:2021-09-15)

参考文献数

51

被引用文献数

1

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マダケ属のタケ(Phyllostachys spp.)は産業管理外来種に指定され,放置竹林の拡大は日本の里地里山管理で最大の問題点とも言われるが,人口減少や温暖化によって今後さらに加速する恐れがある.本研究では,長野県生坂村で無居住化した集落の一つを対象に,無居住化前後の1977年と2014年の空中写真から植生や土地利用を判読し,その変化を解析した.2017年,2018年,2020年には現地を調査した.その結果,1977年から2014年にかけて集落全体の竹林面積は1977年の3林分0.26 haから2014年の17林分3.52 haへと13.54倍に増加し,年間拡大率は1.073 ha·ha-1·year-1と推定された.現地調査の結果,2014年の空中写真で判読できた17林分はハチクP. nigra var. henonis(14林分)とマダケP. bambusoides(3林分)だった.1977年と2014年で比較可能な3林分の個別の年間拡大率はハチク2林分がそれぞれ1.016,1.056,マダケ1林分が1.036 ha·ha-1·year-1だった.これらの推定値は,西日本のモウソウチクを中心に報告されてきた値(平均1.03)に近く,年平均気温が11.2℃と比較的涼しい地域のマダケやハチクであっても,同程度の拡大リスクがある可能性を示している.

著者

墾田永年

出版者

源義博写

巻号頁・発行日

1808

著者

谷口 尚子

出版者

慶應義塾大学法学研究会

雑誌

法学研究 = Journal of law, politics and sociology (ISSN:03890538)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.93, no.1, pp.49-64, 2020-01

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1. はじめに2. 選挙の接戦度と有権者の投票参加3. 実験の枠組み 3. 1 実験刺激 3. 2 fMRIを使った政治学実験 3. 3 fMRIを使った脳画像解析 3. 4 本実験のデザインと概要4. 実験結果5. まとめ小林良彰教授退職記念号

著者

宇津 徳治 関 彰

出版者

公益社団法人 日本地震学会

雑誌

地震 第2輯 (ISSN:00371114)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.4, pp.233-240, 1955-03-30 (Released:2010-03-11)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

6 33

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The after-shock regions of 39 shallow earthquakes which took place in and near Japan (Table 1) are determined and the relation between thier areas and the magnitudes or energies of main-shocks is investigated. If we assume that the logarithm of the area A (km2) and the magnitude M are in linear relation, i. e., logA=aM+b (Fig. 2-3), the constants a and b become as follows, a=1.02±0.08, b=-4.01±0.57 (for 39 total earthquakes)a=0.93±0.08, b=-3.18±0.61 (for 23 oceanic earthuakes)a=0.85±0.10, b=-3.05±0.72. (for 16 land earthquakes)From the relation between M and E (erg), we get A∝Em, where m≈1/2, then E/A∝A∝√E, this means that the surface density of energy increases as the energy increases.

著者

加藤慶一

出版者

国立国会図書館

雑誌

レファレンス (ISSN:1349208X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.757, 2014-02

著者

畠田 和一

出版者

日本貝類学会

雑誌

ヴヰナス (ISSN:24329975)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.4, pp.229-236, 1935-08-23 (Released:2018-01-31)

著者

Shintaro Sakaguchi Naoki Fujimoto Kazuhide Ichikawa Daisuke Izumi Koji Katsuta Masafumi Takafuji Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida Kaoru Dohi

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-21-0683, (Released:2021-09-30)

参考文献数

1

被引用文献数

5

著者

吉田 真吾

出版者

近畿大学法学会

雑誌

近畿大学法学 = Kindai University law review (ISSN:09164537)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.239-278, 2019-03

著者

Satoshi Katano Toshiyuki Yano Katsuhiko Ohori Hidemichi Kouzu Ryohei Nagaoka Suguru Honma Kanako Shimomura Takuya Inoue Yuhei Takamura Tomoyuki Ishigo Ayako Watanabe Masayuki Koyama Nobutaka Nagano Takefumi Fujito Ryo Nishikawa Wataru Ohwada Akiyoshi Hashimoto Masaki Katayose Sumio Ishiai Tetsuji Miura

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-21-0584, (Released:2021-09-17)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

25

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Background:A strategy to predict mortality in elderly heart failure (HF) patients has not been established.Methods and Results:We retrospectively enrolled 413 HF patients aged ≥65 years (mean age 78 years) who had received comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation (CR) during hospitalization. Basic activities of daily life were assessed before discharge using the Barthel index (BI). Of 413 HF patients, 116 (28%) died during a median follow-up period of 1.90 years (interquartile range 1.20–3.23 years). An adjusted dose-dependent association analysis showed that the hazard ratio (HR) of mortality increased in an almost linear manner as the BI score decreased, and that a BI score of 85 corresponded to an HR of 1.0. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the survival rate was lower for patients with a low BI (<85) than for those with a high BI (≥85; 65% vs. 74%, respectively; P=0.007). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, low BI was independently associated with higher mortality after adjusting for predictors, including B-type natriuretic peptide. Inclusion of the BI into the adjusted model improved the accuracy of the prediction of mortality.Conclusions:A BI score <85 at the time of discharge is associated with increased mortality independent of known prognostic markers, and achieving functional status with a BI score ≥85 by comprehensive CR during hospitalization may contribute to favorable outcomes in elderly HF patients.

著者

Naomi YOSHII Koji SATO Riki OGASAWARA Toshiyuki KURIHARA Takafumi HAMAOKA Satoshi FUJITA

出版者

Center for Academic Publications Japan

雑誌

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology (ISSN:03014800)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.6, pp.379-388, 2017 (Released:2018-01-12)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

6

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Dietary protein intake is critical for maintaining an optimal muscle mass, especially among older individuals. Although protein supplementation during resistance training (RT) has been shown to further augment training-induced muscle mass in older individuals, the impact of daily variations in protein intake on training-induced muscle mass has not been explored thus far. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dietary protein and amino acid intake and RT-induced muscle hypertrophy among older individuals. Ten healthy older men (n=10; mean age=69±2 y; body weight (BW)=61.5±2.2 kg; height=1.65±0.02 m) participated in progressive RT performed 3 times/wk for 12 wk. Body composition (using DXA) and nutritional assessments (using a 3-d dietary record) were performed before and after the training period. Leg lean mass (LLM) increased significantly (15.0±0.8 vs. 15.4±0.8 kg, p<0.05) after RT, with no change in dietary nutrient intake. The average dietary protein intake was 1.62±0.11 g/kg BW/d, while essential amino acids was 600±51 mg/kg BW/d. Although the correlation between the increase in LLM and dietary protein intake was not significant, a significant correlation was found between the increase in LLM and dietary essential amino acid (EAA) intake. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between the increase in LLM and protein as well as EAA (especially leucine) intake at breakfast among subjects with suboptimal protein intake (p<0.05). Our study findings indicate that dietary protein as well as EAA intake may be significant contributing factors in muscle hypertrophic response during RT among healthy older men.

著者

笹部 昌利

出版者

佛教大学

雑誌

鷹陵史学 (ISSN:0386331X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, pp.165-189, 2005-09-24

著者

百田尚樹著

出版者

幻冬舎

巻号頁・発行日

2018

著者

Zen Faulkes

出版者

Carcinological Society of Japan

雑誌

Crustacean Research (ISSN:02873478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, pp.75-92, 2015 (Released:2015-11-17)

参考文献数

120

被引用文献数

18 42

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The sale of crayfish in the pet trade has increased in recent decades, and a substantial fraction of the world's entire range of crayfish species is available in the pet trade. The market for pet crayfish creates two major concerns: the potential for over exploitation of natural populations of crayfish to supply the pet trade, and the negative consequences resulting from the release of non-indigenous crayfish into natural habitats. The chain from the source of crayfish to the final owner can be lengthy, and each step in the supply chain needs to be studied by different methods. While there are often regulations intended to limit the trade of crayfish as pets, they differ widely from place to place and seem to have limited success in changing the behaviour of owners of pet crayfish.

著者

Dusan SOKOLOVIC Boris DJINDJIC Jelenka NIKOLIC Gordana BJELAKOVIC Dusica PAVLOVIC Gordana KOCIC Dejan KRSTIC Tatjana CVETKOVIC Voja PAVLOVIC

出版者

Journal of Radiation Research Editorial Committee

雑誌

Journal of Radiation Research (ISSN:04493060)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.6, pp.579-586, 2008 (Released:2008-11-28)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

80

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Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the intensity of oxidative stress in the brain of animals chronically exposed to mobile phones and potential protective effects of melatonin in reducing oxidative stress and brain injury. Materials and methods: Experiments were performed on Wistar rats exposed to microwave radiation during 20, 40 and 60 days. Four groups were formed: I group (control)- animals treated by saline, intraperitoneally (i.p.) applied daily during follow up, II group (Mel)- rats treated daily with melatonin (2 mg kg-1 body weight i.p.), III group (MWs)- microwave exposed rats, IV group (MWs + Mel)- MWs exposed rats treated with melatonin (2 mg kg-1 body weight i.p.). The microwave radiation was produced by a mobile test phone (SAR = 0.043-0.135 W/kg). Results: A significant increase in the brain tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl group concentration was registered during exposure. Decreased activity of catalase (CAT) and increased activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) remained after 40 and 60 days of exposure to mobile phones. Melatonin treatment significantly prevented the increase in the MDA content and XO activity in the brain tissue after 40 days of exposure while it was unable to prevent the decrease of CAT activity and increase of carbonyl group contents. Conclusion: We demonstrated two important findings; that mobile phones caused oxidative damage biochemically by increasing the levels of MDA, carbonyl groups, XO activity and decreasing CAT activity; and that treatment with the melatonin significantly prevented oxidative damage in the brain.

著者

川野 義長 伊藤 裕

出版者

一般社団法人 日本糖尿病学会

雑誌

糖尿病 (ISSN:0021437X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.100-103, 2018-03-30 (Released:2018-03-30)

参考文献数

5

著者

藤田 和也 岡田 謙介

出版者

日本行動計量学会

雑誌

行動計量学 (ISSN:03855481)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.2, pp.53-71, 2019 (Released:2020-03-31)

参考文献数

46

被引用文献数

1

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Measurement of subjective probability may theoretically be achieved based on the decision making tasks which require participants to choose between two gambles with known and unknown outcome probabilities. However, this approach is known to suffer from the effect of a human cognitive factor known as the ambiguity aversion. Moreover, because this approach is not based on statistical model, the estimation precision of the subjective probability cannot be evaluated. In the current study, we introduce the cumulative prospect theory model to this problem, and derive its Fisher information matrix. Using this information, we propose an adaptive presentation of the decision making tasks. Simulation studies and an empirical application confirmed that the derived Fisher information corresponds well with the empirical posterior standard deviation, and that the proposed adaptive task selection method performs much better than selecting the tasks at random. Furthermore, adaptive task selection which fixes the rewards of the two gambles was found to perform worse than the unconstrained ones. We conclude that unconstrained adaptive task selection is desirable for measurement of subjective probability under ambiguity.

著者

坂崎坦 編

出版者

目白書院

巻号頁・発行日

vol.上・中・下編, 1917

著者

益田 肇

出版者

立命館大学国際関係学会

雑誌

立命館国際研究 = Ritsumeikan kokusai kenkyu / The Ritsumeikan journal of international studies = 立命館国際研究 = Ritsumeikan kokusai kenkyu / The Ritsumeikan journal of international studies (ISSN:09152008)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.5, pp.107-124, 2019-03

著者

平野 恵美子

雑誌

演劇研究センター紀要VIII 早稲田大学21世紀COEプログラム 〈演劇の総合的研究と演劇学の確立〉

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.217-224, 2007-01-31