著者
松野 敏之
出版者
学習院大学外国語教育研究センター
雑誌
言語・文化・社会 (ISSN:13479105)
巻号頁・発行日
no.14, pp.29-48, 2016-03

Arai Hakuseki's Kishinron is famous as a book which argued demon's reality and collected many Ghost story. And Kishinron is estimated low as "imperfect soul study" or as "Zhu Xi 朱熹's demon theory was copied". A conventional study pays attention to only demon's reality and doesn't grasp Hakuseki's insistence. For example, why did he criticize Buddhism in Kishinron? I would like to define the reason that he criticized Buddhism clearly.Hakuseki denied metempsychosis of Buddhism. He admited that a person is born from his parents and a soul and a body are formed by his parents.When metempsychosis is admitted, a soul will exist without his parents. This way of thinking lowers the value of his parents. The idea of metempsychosis cuts the connection of a person and his parents off.Hakuseki emphasized the worship of ancestor. Because a person knows importance of the family through bowing to his ancestor. Hakuseki tried to made people realize the connection with their parents and their ancestor through emphasized demon's reality.
著者
岩本 誠一
出版者
九州大学
雑誌
經濟學研究 (ISSN:0022975X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.6, pp.1-29, 2002-03

本論文では,プロ野球日本シリーズの経済波及効果と優勝確率をマルコフ連鎖を用いて評価する。ダイエーホークスと読売巨人の勝敗数を二項モデルによって表し,期待経済効果および各チームが優勝する確率(絶対確率と条件付き確率)を再帰的に求める。
著者
中村 卓史
出版者
一般社団法人日本物理学会
雑誌
日本物理學會誌 (ISSN:00290181)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.59, no.4, 2004-04-05
参考文献数
3
被引用文献数
1
著者
佐藤 郁哉
出版者
日本社会学会
雑誌
社会学評論 (ISSN:00215414)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.41, no.4, pp.346-359,481, 1991-03-31

本論文は、もっぱらトマスとズナニエツキのテクストに沿って、状況の定義概念の初期の定式化とその後の変遷をあとづけ、この概念が、行為主体と「構造」の関連を明らかにする上でもつ「感受概念」としての潜在力を明らかにする。<BR>社会学におけるスタンダードな用語の一つである「状況の定義」は、これまで主に社会的行為の主意主義的な側面を表現する代表的な概念として取り扱われてきた。しかしながら、この概念の初期の定式化の歴史をたどってみると、「状況の定義」は、行為に対する社会文化的な構造の規定性を示す際にも使われていることがわかる。とりわけトマスは「状況の定義」を多義的に使用しているが、これは、様々な行為主体と多様な状況との関連を実証研究を通して明らかにしていく上で彼が用いた効果的な戦略の一つであると考えられる.この「状況の定義」の一見相矛盾する多義的な用法の解明は、現在さまざまな形で試みられているマイクロ社会学とマクロ社会学の統合を進める上で、一つの有力な手がかりを与えてくれる。
著者
井上 哲理 野呂 影勇 岩崎 常人 大頭 仁
出版者
一般社団法人映像情報メディア学会
雑誌
テレビジョン学会誌 (ISSN:03866831)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.10, pp.1301-1305, 1994-10-20
被引用文献数
41 6

2眼式立体映像は, 立体効果が大きいため, 有効な立体再生法として広く利用されている.しかし, 同映像はいくつかの問題点も指摘されており, 特に人間の視覚系に与える影響は実用化の妨げとなっている.本研究では, 2眼式立体映像が視覚系に与える影響を定量的に評価するとともに, 視覚系に負担の少ない映像の呈示条件について考察した.評価の方法として, 映像鑑賞中の両眼眼球運動および鑑賞前後の調節機能の測定を行った.これらの測定を両眼視差量の違う立体映像および通常の平面映像について行い, 結果を比較することで評価を行った.結果より, 鑑賞中の眼球共同運動が崩れる現象, および鑑賞後に調節反応時間の延長があり, 2眼式立体映像の視覚系への影響が見られた.映像の持つ両眼視差量が大きくなるに従い, これらの影響は大きくなり, 一方, 両眼視差量が1度以内であれば, その影響が通常の平面映像と差がないことがわかった.
著者
溝尻 真也
出版者
日本マス・コミュニケーション学会
雑誌
マス・コミュニケーション研究 (ISSN:13411306)
巻号頁・発行日
no.71, pp.87-105, 2007-07-30

Japanese FM radio is now considered as a music media which is distinct from other broadcast media such as AM radio. However, FM radio was originally planned as an educational media. Many political and cultural factors influenced the process of the formation of FM radio as a music media. During this process, sound, not music, was an essential factor. This article discusses the functions given to FM radio with a historical description on how the main role of FM radio changed from educational broadcasting, during the end of the 1950s when its experimental broadcasting started, to music broadcasting in the early 1970s when its formal broadcasting began.
著者
林 望
出版者
文芸春秋
雑誌
文芸春秋
巻号頁・発行日
vol.78, no.15, pp.294-302, 2000-12
被引用文献数
1
著者
河野 芳春
出版者
山形大学
雑誌
山形大學紀要. 教育科學 (ISSN:05134668)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.13, no.1, pp.31-66, 2002-02-15

本研究は1996年に開始したJ. S. バッハ無伴奏ヴァイオリンのためのソナタとパルティータ(BMV1001~6),全6曲からなるチクルス研究のプロセスをなす。今回は5曲目の無伴奏ソナタ第3番ハ長調BMV1005をとりあげ,チクルスにおける作品の意義について考察し,その奏法に自らのヴァージョンを構築することを目的とする。そのために本稿を3部に分け,既に山形大学紀要(教育科学)第11巻第4号に記した所感を増補する形で第Ⅰ部を進める。第Ⅱ部は調性感について触れ,続く4項目に楽曲を構成する楽章をそれぞれ対応させ,従前のソナタ第1及び2番を含めて比較的考察を行なう。第Ⅲ部においては本曲の奏法に絡む運弓法,運指法,強弱法等について,ここ百年に及ぶ13の版を照査し,それらの特長,相異等踏まえたうえで,自らも案出。これらに関連して他の文献をも参照するが,基本的にバッハ(以後J. S. を省略)の自筆譜に基づく原典版U. T.(Urtextの略)※を奏出の理念に据える。音楽表現の直接的手段は演奏であり,このような筆述は副次的なものと見なされがち。しかし,奏法を見極めるための視野を広め,表現の拠り所を見い出し,そこに新たな確信を得ることも有意と考える。今後さらに踏み込んだ表現内容を展開すべく,研究を進めていく所存である。 ※原典版(Urtext) JOH. SEB. BACH SECHS SONATEN UND PARTITEN FUR VIOLINE SOLO G. HENLE VERLAG MUNCHEN 1987 By studying the Unaccompanied Violin Sonata No.3 in C major BWV1005 by J. S. Bach, it is possible to have glimpses of the composer's image as an individual person through his lifestyle. This is none other than the image of Bach maintaining to the very end of his life his rhythm between the ordinary as a human made of flesh and blood and the extraordinary as a superhuman musician,and I find myself reaching a state filled with love and respect for him. In1720, Bach who was thirty-five years old with four children lost Maria Barbara, his wife of thirteen years and, towards the end of the following year, remarried Anna Magdalena, a young soprano singer sixteen years younger than him, and he was to be blessed with a total of thirteen children in his lifetime. This dramatic light and darkness symbolizes the main stream of the Zyklus consisting of six pieces, and this paper attempts to identify the blessings brought by Bach's improved fortune within the contents of his work. The two preceding sonatas with the same form and structure are also covered in this paper, and by contrasting these three sonatas, I shed light on the characteristics of this third sonata. Strictly speaking, a contrast with Partita No.2, which includes a Chaconne that makes up the climax of the Zyklus, might have produced a more striking contrast. In fact, in my previous study, I interpreted this Partita No.2 as the essence of a requiem, and developed my theory as close as possible to the significance of this work. "Adversity makes a man wise." For Bach, the many gem-like masterpieces produced later on must have indeed been the blessings borne by such adversity. There was also the soothing presence of Anna Magdalena, always by his side to assist him like sunlight pouring through the green leaves of trees. Without her devotion, the majority of Bach's works would not have attained their level of perfection, for it is said that she copied his scores by hand and made fair copies of them all so earnestly, and she had trained herself to such an extend that it is difficult to distinguish her handwriting from his. Essentially, she was a wonderfull and fervent supporter of Bach's, indispensable not only for his private life but also for his creative work. No doubt, it was this very bond of love which must have fostered the aspects of human warmth flowing out from the innermost depth of this piece of work. On the other hand, it is hard to find words to explain what was extraordinary about Bach as a superhuman musician, yet we know, even from the limited studies carried out so far, that his creativity encompassing all elements of expression, such as composition method, sence of tonality, sence of rhythm, etc., is indeed astonishing. As for the style of rendition, it is categorized into bowing, fingering, and dynamics, according to which I compiled my own version of the score of the very long fugue, by grouping it into subdivisions, while also adopting the interpretations seen in other scores for the convenience of the players and researchers. Also taking into account the diversity in the style of rendition as illustrated in the reference score, I strived to find significance in the limited number of unusual interpretations, rather than in the many common points. Furthermore, my personal version which I boldly presented in important places is founded on my original interpretations and contrivances. Just as in my previous paper, I feel as if I have accomplished the core of my study this time, with only Partita No.3 remaining of this research of mine, yet I intend to continue devoting myself so as to complete my studies on Zyklus. I sincerely hope that this subtle view on Bach can be shared by the numerous fellows researchers involved in the same study. Lastly, I wish to mention that this rendition was presented in public in the "First Evening of Recital of All Six Unaccompanied Sonatas and Partitas for Violin by J. S. Bach" held on Friday, April 25th, 1997, from 6:30 p.m., at the Bunshoukan Hall of Yamagata Prefecture as well as in the "First Day of the Recital of All Unaccompanied Sonatas and Partitas by J. S. Bach in Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary Since the Church's Foundation and the 250th Anniversary Since Bach's Death" in the hall of theYamagata Catholic Church, on Saturday, May 13th, 2000, from 4 p.m.