著者

郡司 博史 酒井 敏

出版者

日本流体力学会

雑誌

日本流体力学会年会講演論文集

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2002, pp.92-93, 2002

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A milk crown is a very attractive phenomenon. However, it is very difficult to catch a continuous picture. Therefore, there is almost no systematic research. Then, with the digital Video Camera, we took the continuous image and analyzed them. The parameters of the experiment are the velocity of the waterdrops which collides with a thin liquid layer, the depth of a liquid layer, and the viscosity of fluid of the experiment. Surprisingly, we found that crown-like structure at about 10ms to 30ms after the collision of waterdrop expand at the same speed unrelated to the parameters.

著者

マタンガラン ジュアン・ラタ 有賀 一広 櫻井 倫 岩岡 正博 酒井 秀夫

出版者

森林利用学会

雑誌

森林利用学会誌 (ISSN:13423134)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.79-82, 2006

参考文献数

6

著者

酒井 吉仁

出版者

信州大学

巻号頁・発行日

2014-03-20

著者

酒井 正三郎

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.29-33, 1975-08-25 (Released:2009-11-06)

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

酒井 正三郎

出版者

経営史学会

雑誌

経営史学 (ISSN:03869113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.1-12, 1967-07-30 (Released:2009-11-11)

著者

酒井 隆全

出版者

公益社団法人 日本薬学会

雑誌

YAKUGAKU ZASSHI (ISSN:00316903)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.141, no.2, pp.165-168, 2021-02-01 (Released:2021-02-01)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

3

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In recent years, a variety of medical information has been digitized, and hence, various medical big data have become available. Spontaneous reporting databases are a part of the medical big data. In Japan, the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency has developed the “Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database” which has been available since 2012. Thus, everyone can publish safety signal information based on the results of disproportionality analysis using the spontaneous reporting database. Since the release of JADER, many researchers and healthcare professionals are interested in it, and many reports have been prepared using JADER. Although we tend to focus on the fact that it is a publicly available database with many cases, it also has various limitations such as lack of the denominator information, under-reporting, and reporting biases. Detected signals do not necessarily imply a causal relationship between the drug and adverse event. In the “Guideline on good pharmacovigilance practices (GVP) Module IX by European Medicines Agency”, signal detection is the first step in the signal management process. Signal detection alone does not complete pharmacovigilance activities. It is important to understand that spontaneous reporting databases are not only for researchers but also for those who are considering to apply them to clinical work by referring to research using these databases. In this symposium review, I will discuss the role and applicability of spontaneous reporting databases in medical big data.

著者

石川 信一 菊田 和代 三田村 仰 酒井 美枝 大屋 藍子

出版者

同志社大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2013-04-01

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本研究の目的は,児童青年の不安とうつに対する認知行動療法(CBT)の有効性をランダム化割付比較試験において検討することであった。電話による簡易スクリーニングと,事前査定の結果,包含基準に合致し,かつ参加に同意した51名を対象とした。対象者はランダムに先に介入を実施するCBT群と,後から実施するWLC群とに割り付けられた後,8回の介入を受けた。事前,事後,3ヶ月,6ヶ月にアセスメントを行った。分析の結果,主診断から外れる割合と重篤度について,事後においてはCBT群の方がWLC群よりも改善していることが示された。以上のことから,CBTによって児童青年の不安とうつの問題が改善することが示された。

著者

酒井 ツギ子

出版者

教育哲学会

雑誌

教育哲学研究 (ISSN:03873153)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1988, no.57, pp.103-107, 1988-05-10 (Released:2009-09-04)

著者

酒井 智弘 相川 充

出版者

日本社会心理学会

雑誌

社会心理学研究 (ISSN:09161503)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1924, (Released:2021-01-20)

参考文献数

34

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of gratitude-expression skills on the benefactor in a dilemma situation. The method experimentally employed a confederate who met participants for the first time and executed gratitude-expression skills on them in a “Prisoner’s Dilemma Game” (PDG). An experimental group in which the confederate executed the gratitude-expression skills was compared with a control group in which the confederate did not do so. The results showed the experimental group had higher average and medium or higher effect size regarding the participants’ cooperative behavior in a PDG, the state of reciprocity consciousness, and interpersonal attraction for the confederate than the control group. This study found the positive effect of gratitude-expression skills on motivating the benefactor’s cooperative behavior and enhancing reciprocity consciousness and interpersonal attraction for the confederate even in a dilemma situation.

著者

大塚 耕太郎 酒井 明夫 浅利 宏英

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.55-65, 2000-12-15 (Released:2018-02-01)

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Two cases of schizophrenia (A : paranoid type, B : residual type according to the ICD-10 criteria) were studied, both of which were referred from a psychiatric hospital to the surgical and psychiatric departments of a University Hospital for the treatment of physical complications. Both patients were diagnosed with cancer and surgical treatment was recommended. Although case A underwent surgery along with the full informed consent requirement, case B was treated through proxy consent by her family due to impaired capacity. The difference in competence between these patients seemed to be related to their negative symptoms, for example apaty, abulia, withdrawal, and slowed thought of case B was more severe. In addition, this case study revealed that "reduction of restriction produced by phenomenological disturbances in subjective time in chronic disease" and "coordination of medico-cultural differences between psychiatry and other medical specialties" are necessary to improve the QOL of schizophrenic patients with physical complications. It is suggested that consultation-liaison psychiatry in a broad sense, including sufficient aspects of bioethics and philosophy of medicine, would be useful for the treatment of physical complications of psychiatric patients.

著者

酒井 明夫

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.175-182, 1998-10-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

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Psychiatric practice in modern Japan has a history of about 100 years. In the early stages, legal regulations placed more emphasis on the protection of society in general rather than the protection of the patients with mental disease. However, in the Mental Health and Welfare Law as currently enforced, it is stressed that the human rights of each patient must be esteemed as much as possible and the core of the policy is on the liberalization of the therapeutic environment. Hence the history of legislation for psychiatric practice in Japan may be interpreted as a process with liberalistic tendencies gradually influencing this legislation. On the other hand, when we look at the physician-patient relationship in psychiatric practice in severe cases, in particular, in the cases of schizophrenia, volition and individual thinking are often disabled in both content and application. In these cases, where mental disorders reach such a stage that human judgment is impaired, informed consent cannot be obtained, and medical treatment by the "autonomy model" is practically impossible to perform. In this case, we might say that from the beginning psychiatric practice has gone beyond the frame of liberalism. The patients are often confined in a certain morbid thinking and cognitive system, and they can speak only from inside a certain framework, and the disease is based on "lack of freedom in thinking". The purpose of psychiatric practice is to help the patients be free from such morbid world and to help them speak freely and openly. In this sense, the treatment for the patients may be defined as an attempt to acquire liberalism. Therefore, perhaps as in other countries, psychiatric practice in Japan may be defined as a process toward the restoration or establishment of liberalism both in the historical sense and in each individual physician-patient relationship.

著者

酒井 明夫

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.123-131, 1995-10-01 (Released:2018-02-01)

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In the history of medicine, some periods can be divided by the change in the physician's role concerning the course and prognosis of disease. In ancient times, the principal factor in determining the prognosis of a disease shifted from divine or supernatural forces to natural principles that were advocated by the authors of the Hippocratic corpus. During this period when both physician and patient maintained their relationship in account with natural principle, prognosis was so heavily dependent on natural forces that the physician's role was limited to a supplementary one. After a long medieval period, the physician's role underwent a change from advocacy to subjugation of natural principles. In the eighteenth century, as Foucault indicated, the old clinic was replaced by anatomically articulated medicine. With this change, the age of paternalism came, sustained by the clinical effectiveness of the physician's experience and skill. However, as biomedical knowledge was accumulated and enhanced, people's expectation and confidence moved from physician's skill to the corpus of biomedical knowledge, that actually controlled the outcome and prognosis of disease. The concept of informed consent, first introduced on October 22, 1957, not only signified the epochmaking addition of the patient's will to the decisive factors for outcome and prognosis of disease, but also reflected that the physician's role hand become that of a catalytic agent between the sum of medical knowledge and patient. The introduction of informed consent, on the one hand, eliminated the physician's image as representative of healing, and on the other hand, gave the contemporary physician a new task, the investigation of the patient's uniqueness and the formation of a comprehensive notion of the clinic in the context of the physician-patient relationship.

著者

酒井 明夫

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.132-134, 1992-10-23 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

エンゲルハート H.トリストラム 酒井 明夫

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.166-186, 1992-10-23 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

酒井 明夫

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.141-144, 1991-07-31 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

酒井 明夫

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.15-28, 1991-07-31 (Released:2018-02-01)

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Psychoactive drugs - e.g., antipsychotics, antidepressants, antimanics, anxiolytic sedatives - are now widely prescribed in industrialized countries. However the misuse and frequent over-use of these drugs, especially the tranquilizers, has often been discussed in the extant literature. While the public's understanding of the negative aspect of taking psychoactive agents has become more widespread, physicians (not only psychiatrists) often remark that there is a tendency on the part of patients to demand and acquire these drugs by exerting great pressure on physicians for whom it is often difficult not to comply. J. D. Wallace, M. D., has dubbed this the "tranquilizer on demand" syndrome. However, the patient's demand should not in itself be simply rejected by the physician, rather his or her demand should be taken into account. We need to consider the basis for the demand. The literature suggests that patients' knowledge concerning their own mental health and its appropriate treatment (e. g., psychoactive drugs) is typically limited and not based on an adequate understanding of medicine. Therefore physicians should consider very carefully (within the context of the physician-patient relationship) each patient's autonomy and unique response to the treatment modality. If the patient's demand for psychoactive medication is not warranted on the basis of sound medical judgement, then the quality of the demand itself should be analyzed. Only then can the physician transform the "demand" into the most beneficial treatment plan. The necessary conditions for this transformation are : (1) that the doctor has sufficient knowledge concerning the natural history of the presumed psychiatric disorder, (2) that the patient is fully informed and understands the appropriateness of his or her original demand, and (3) that the patient is prepared to accept the authority (though perhaps only limited) of the physician.

著者

スピッカー スチュアート・F 酒井 明夫

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.90-101, 1990-07-31 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

エンゲルハート トリストラム 酒井 明夫

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.117-128, 1990-07-31 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

スピッカー ステュアート・F 酒井 明夫

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.113-122, 1989-07-31 (Released:2018-02-01)

著者

酒井 明夫

出版者

日本医学哲学・倫理学会

雑誌

医学哲学 医学倫理 (ISSN:02896427)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.2-14, 1983-11-15 (Released:2018-02-01)