著者

Tae-Gyu An Soo-Han Kim Ko-Un Kim

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.3, pp.505-507, 2017 (Released:2017-03-22)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

18

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to assess the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on depression and quality of life (QOL) in patients with stroke, by conducting conventional occupational therapy with and without tDCS on 20 patients each. [Subjects and Methods] The experimental group (N=20) received both tDCS and conventional occupational therapy, while the control group (N=20) received false tDCS and conventional occupational therapy. The treatment was conducted 20 times over a four-week period; each session was 30 minutes long. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to score the depression levels in patients before and after the intervention, while the stroke-specific quality of life (SS-QOL) was measured to compare the QOL. [Result] Following the intervention, the patients in the experimental group showed a significant decrease in depression and an increase in the QOL. In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes in depression or QOL. Our findings indicate that tDCS decreased depression while increasing QOL in patients with stroke. [Conclusion] In other words, our study confirmed that the application of tDCS during stroke rehabilitation improves the depression symptoms and QOL in patients.

著者

Eliana-Isabel Rodríguez-Grande Jose-Luis Osma-Rueda Yannely Serrano-Villar Carolina Ramírez

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.9, pp.1637-1643, 2017 (Released:2017-09-15)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

10

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[Purpose] The aim was to evaluate the effect of therapeutic ultrasound on the pain, joint mobility, muscle strength, physical function, and quality of life of people with knee OA. [Subjects and Methods] One-site, one-arm, before-after study that included people with Grade II or III tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. Ten therapeutic ultrasound sessions (duty cycle=20%, ERA=10 cm2, BNR=6:1, SATP=2.2 W/cm2, SATA=0.44 W/cm2, frequency=1 MHz, time=4 minutes) were applied. Assessments of primary outcome variables: pain intensity and function, and secondary variables: joint mobility, muscle strength and quality of life, were performed at onset and end of therapy; an additional intermediate evaluation was included for the primary variables. [Results] Means of repeated measurements of pain intensity (pain at rest, pain on palpation and pain after functional activities) and function showed significant differences. There was a significant reduction in pain intensity at the end of functional activities as well as a significant increase in function and in quadriceps muscle strength. [Conclusion] Therapeutic ultrasound applied in accordance with the parameters used, could be recommended during the treatment of individuals with knee osteoarthritis, because it significantly decreased the intensity of pain after the 5th session, and this reduction was maintained until the end of the intervention.

著者

UCHIYAMA Akihiro CHEN Bin YAMAZAKI Akihiro SHI Guangyu KUDO Rei NISHITA-HARA Chiharu HAYASHI Masahiko HABIB Ammara MATSUNAGA Tsuneo

出版者

Meteorological Society of Japan

雑誌

気象集誌. 第2輯 (ISSN:00261165)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2018-026, (Released:2018-02-05)

被引用文献数

1

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The aerosol optical characteristics in the East Asian cities of Fukuoka and Beijing were measured from 2010 to 2014. These long-term season-crossing data were compared to understand the differences between the aerosol characteristics at a source and a downstream region. Previously, few long-term, season-crossing observations have been reported. Using a method developed by one of the present authors, the measurement data were analyzed so that the retrieved optical properties can be more accurate than those obtained in previous studies. Using these data, the aerosol characteristics and their frequency distributions were reliably obtained. In Fukuoka, the annual means of the extinction, scattering, and absorption coefficients Cext (525 nm), Csca (525 nm), and Cabs (520 nm) were 74.6, 66.1, and 8.1 M m−1, respectively, whereas those in Beijing were 412.1, 367.2, and 42.4 M m−1, respectively. The coefficients in Fukuoka were approximately one-fifth of those in Beijing. The single-scattering albedos ω 0 (525 nm) in Fukuoka and Beijing were 0.877 and 0.868, respectively. The asymmetry factors G (525 nm) in the two cities were 0.599 and 0.656, respectively. The extinction Ångström exponents αext in the two cities were 1.555 and 0.855, respectively. The absorption Ångström exponents αabs in the two cities were 1.106 and 0.977, respectively. The fine and coarse mode volume fractions in Fukuoka were approximately 80 % and 20 %, and those in Beijing were both approximately 50 % except in the summer. The Cext , Csca , and Cabs showed seasonal variation in both cities. Some other properties showed also seasonal variation. In particular, the seasonal variation in αabs was clear in both cities; it tended to be small in the summer and large in the winter. The frequency distributions of various parameters were also investigated. The frequency of Cext >500 M m−1 in Fukuoka was very low, and large Cext values were recorded more frequently in the spring than in other seasons. In Beijing, Cext > 1000 M m−1 values were recorded more frequently, and the frequency of 10 M m−1 ≤ Cabs ≤ 60 M m−1 was high in the spring and summer. Furthermore, αabs < 1.0 values were recorded frequently, which cannot be explained by the simple external mixture of absorbing aerosols. To demonstrate the usefulness of the data obtained in this study, the relationships among αabs , αext , the volume size distribution, the imaginary part of the refractive index and ω 0 were investigated, and two characteristic cases in Beijing (winter) and Fukuoka (spring) were preliminarily analyzed.

著者

Hiroki Yoshioka Tsunemasa Nonogaki Yasuro Shinohara Masumi Suzui Yurie Mori Gi-Wook Hwang Katsumi Ohtani Nobuhiko Miura

出版者

The Japanese Society of Toxicology

雑誌

The Journal of Toxicological Sciences (ISSN:03881350)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, no.2, pp.129-134, 2018 (Released:2018-02-26)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

7

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The aim of the present study is to investigate the “chronotoxicity” of seven metal compounds (Hg, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn, or Fe) by assessing how their toxicity varies with circadian periodicity. Male ICR mice were injected with each metal compound intraperitoneally at 6 different time points over the course of a day (zeitgeber time [ZT]: ZT2, ZT6, ZT10, ZT14, ZT18 and ZT22). Mortality was then monitored until 14 days after the injection. Our investigation demonstrated that mice were tolerant against Ni toxicity during dark phase, on the other hand, they were tolerant against Cr toxicity during light phase. The chronotoxicity of Hg and Pb seemed to be biphasic. Further, mice were susceptible to toxicities against Cu and Zn in the time zone during which light and dark were reversed. Interestingly, no significant differences were observed for Fe exposure at any time of the day. Our results propose that the chronotoxicology may provide valuable information regarding the importance of injection timing for not only toxicity evaluation tests but also the reproducibility of animal experiments. Furthermore, our data suggests that chronotoxicology may be an important consideration when evaluating the quality of risk assessments for night shift workers who may be exposed to toxic substances at various times of the day.

著者

Kenshi Hayashi Toyonobu Tsuda Akihiro Nomura Noboru Fujino Atsushi Nohara Kenji Sakata Tetsuo Konno Chiaki Nakanishi Hayato Tada Yoji Nagata Ryota Teramoto Yoshihiro Tanaka Masa-aki Kawashiri Masakazu Yamagishi on behalf of the Hokuriku-Plus AF Registry Investigators

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-17-1085, (Released:2018-03-01)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

30

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Background:B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) may be a predictor of stroke risk in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF); because heart failure is associated with the incidence of stroke in AF patients. However, limited data exist regarding the association between BNP at baseline and risks of thromboembolic events (TE) and death in NVAF patients.Methods and Results:We prospectively studied 1,013 NVAF patients (725 men, 72.8±9.7 years old) from the Hokuriku-plus AF Registry to determine the relationship between BNP at baseline and prognosis among Japanese NVAF patients. During the follow-up period (median, 751 days); 31 patients experienced TE and there were 81 cases of TE/all-cause death. For each endpoint we constructed receiver-operating characteristic curves that gave cutoff points of BNP for TE (170 pg/mL) and TE/all-cause death (147 pg/mL). Multivariate analysis with the Cox-proportional hazards model indicated that high BNP was significantly associated with risks of TE (hazard ratio [HR] 3.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.83–8.67; P=0.0003) and TE/all-cause death (HR 2.27; 95% CI 1.45–3.56; P=0.0003). Based on the C-index and net reclassification improvement, the addition of BNP to CHA2DS2-VASc statistically improved the prediction of TE.Conclusions:In a real-world cohort of Japanese NVAF patients, high BNP was significantly associated with TE and death. Plasma BNP might be a useful biomarker for these adverse clinical events.

著者

Doyeon Hwang Hyun Kuk Kim Joo Myung Lee Ki Hong Choi Jihoon Kim Tae-Min Rhee Jonghanne Park Taek Kyu Park Jeong Hoon Yang Young Bin Song Jin-Ho Choi Joo-Yong Hahn Seung-Hyuk Choi Bon-Kwon Koo Young Jo Kim Shung Chull Chae Myeong Chan Cho Chong Jin Kim Hyeon-Cheol Gwon Myung Ho Jeong Hyo-Soo Kim The KAMIR Investigators

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-17-1221, (Released:2018-02-28)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

14

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Background:There has been debate regarding the added benefit of high-intensity statins compared with low-moderate-intensity statins, especially in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods and Results:The Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry-National Institutes of Health consecutively enrolled 13,104 AMI patients. Of these, a total of 12,182 patients, who completed 1-year follow-up, were included in this study, and all patients were classified into 3 groups (no statin; low-moderate-intensity statin; and high-intensity statin). The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac event (MACE) including cardiac death, non-fatal MI, and repeat revascularization at 1 year. Both low-moderate-intensity and high-intensity statin significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C; all P<0.001). Compared with the no statin group, both statin groups had significantly lower risk of MACE (low-moderate intensity: HR, 0.506; 95% CI: 0.413–0.619, P<0.001; high intensity: HR, 0.464; 95% CI: 0.352–0.611, P<0.001). The risk of MACE, however, was similar between the low-moderate- and high-intensity statin groups (HR, 0.917; 95% CI: 0.760–1.107, P=0.368). Multivariable adjustment, propensity score matching, and inverse probability weighted analysis also produced the same results.Conclusions:When adequate LDL-C level is achieved, patients on a low-moderate-intensity statin dose have similar cardiovascular outcomes to those on high-intensity statins.

著者

Sachiko Furukawa Kazunari Oobu Masafumi Moriyama Shintaro Kawano Saori Sako Jun-Nosuke Hayashida Ryota Matsubara Ken-Ichi Ogata Tamotsu Kiyoshima Seiji Nakamura

出版者

The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.8946-17, (Released:2017-12-08)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

22

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Long-term methotrexate (MTX) treatment can cause MTX-related lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD). We experienced a case of MTX-LPD that was associated with severe osteonecrosis of the jaw mimicking medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The patient was an 81-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who was treated with MTX and bisphosphonate. After 7 years, she was referred to our department for the assessment of giant ulcer and exposure of the alveolar bone of the left maxilla. Histopathological and immunological analyses confirmed a diagnosis of MTX-LPD. At seven months after the cessation of MTX treatment, the ulcerative and necrotic lesions had markedly decreased in size. A 1-year follow-up examination showed no evidence of recurrence and good RA control.

著者

Hsiao-Fan YEH Ruey-Lin CHEN

出版者

Japan Association for Philosophy of Science

雑誌

Annals of the Japan Association for Philosophy of Science (ISSN:04530691)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.39-60, 2017 (Released:2017-11-07)

参考文献数

29

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This paper proposes an experiment-based methodology for both classical genetics and molecular biology by integrating Lindley Darden's mechanism-centered approach and C. Kenneth Waters' phenomenon-centered approach. We argue that the methodology based on experiments offers a satisfactory account of the development of the two biological disciplines. The methodology considers discovery of new mechanisms, investigation of new phenomena, and construction of new theories together, in which experiments play a central role. Experimentation connects the three type of conduct, which work as both ends and means, occurring in a circular way and constituting an overall process of scientific practice from classical genetics to molecular biology.

著者

Won Dong-Sun Park Chul In Young-Joo PARK Hee-Myung

出版者

社団法人日本獣医学会

雑誌

The journal of veterinary medical science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.5, pp.551-553, 2004-05-25

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

7

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3ヵ月齢のメスのシベリアトラが,後肢運動失調を主訴として建国大学獣医学教育病院に来院した.患畜は離乳後牛肉のみを給餌されており,カルシウム剤やビタミン剤は与えられていなかった.その症状は運動失調と,触診による後躯の疼痛であった.さらに,歩行異常,体動嫌悪,また神経学的検査により反射運動低下がみられた.レントゲンのラテラル像およびV-D像で腰仙骨の骨軟化性変化が観察された.PTHレベルは,猫のそれと比較して,上昇が認められた.以上の所見から本症例は栄養性二次性上皮小体機能亢進症と診断された.患畜の症状はビタミンDおよびカルシウム投与後,改善された.すなわち本症例は,カルシウムとリンの音量が不均衡な肉食で飼育された野生動物に発生した栄養性上皮小体機能亢進症である.

著者

片上 大輔 鳥海 不二夫 大澤 博隆 稲葉 通将 篠田 孝祐 松原 仁 Daisuke Katagami Fujio Toriumi Hirotaka Osawa Michimasa Inaba Kosuke Shinoda Hitoshi Matsubara 東京工芸大学工学部コンピュータ応用学科 東京大学大学院工学系研究科 筑波大学システム情報系 広島市立大学大学院情報科学研究科 電気通信大学大学院情報システム学研究科 公立はこだて未来大学システム情報科学部 Department of Applied Computer Science Faculty of Engineering Tokyo Polytechnic University Department of Applied Computer Science Faculty of Engineering The University of Tokyo Faculty of Engineering Information and Systems University of Tsukuba Graduate School of Information Sciences Hiroshima City University Graduate School of Information Systems The University of Electro-Communications Faculty of Systems Information Science Future University Hakodate

雑誌

人工知能 = journal of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (ISSN:21882266)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.1, pp.65-73, 2015-01-01

著者

edited by Gabriel P. Weisberg Anna-Maria von Bonsdorff & Hanne Selkokari

出版者

Distributed by Yale University Press

巻号頁・発行日

2016

著者

Yuji Nagatomo Tsutomu Yoshikawa Hiroshi Okamoto Akira Kitabatake Masatsugu Hori on behalf of J-CHF Investigators

出版者

日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CJ-17-0442, (Released:2017-09-07)

参考文献数

33

被引用文献数

18

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Background:Anemia portends a poor clinical outcome in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, its mechanism remains unknown. We sought to elucidate the effect of anemia on patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who receive carvedilol therapy.Methods and Results:J-CHF study was a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial that assigned 360 HFrEF patients to 2.5 mg/5 mg/20 mg carvedilol groups according to the target dose. At baseline 70 patients (19%) had anemia ([A]) defined as hemoglobin level (Hb) <13 g/dL (male) or <12 g/dL (female) and the remaining 290 did not ([N]). Allocated and achieved doses of carvedilol were similar. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level significantly improved in both groups over 56 weeks, but they were smaller in [A] than in [N] (LVEF, P=0.046; BNP, P<0.0001 by ANOVA). Baseline Hb was an independent predictor of absolute change in LVEF (β=0.13, P=0.047) and BNP (β=−0.10, P=0.01). Presence of chronic kidney disease defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2at baseline was not associated with differential response to carvedilol therapy. During 3.8±1.4 years follow-up, group [A] had a higher incidence of the composite endpoint of death, hospitalization for cardiovascular causes including HF compared with [N] (P=0.006). Baseline Hb was an independent predictor of the composite endpoint (hazard ratio 0.86, P=0.04), whereas baseline eGFR was not.Conclusions:Our data suggested that anemia was associated with a blunted response to carvedilol in HFrEF patients.

著者

Jung-Hyun KIM Ji-Hee JEON Kang-Hyo PARK Hun-Young YOON Joon-Young KIM

出版者

公益社団法人 日本獣医学会

雑誌

Journal of Veterinary Medical Science (ISSN:09167250)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17-0075, (Released:2017-08-25)

被引用文献数

3

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A 10-month-old male Welsh Corgi with a history of acute blindness underwent neuro-ophthalmological testing and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Vision testing revealed complete visual deficits but the electroretinograph and pupillary light reflex were normal in both eyes. The motor and sensory functions of the eyelids and eyes were also normal. The MRI revealed compression of the optic chiasm caused by severe ventriculomegaly in the lateral and third ventricles. Such lesions are associated with inflammatory stenotic lesions in the mesencephalic aqueduct. Moderate neutrophilic pleocytosis was observed during cerebrospinal fluid analysis and Acinetobacter lwoffii was isolated, leading to a diagnosis of Acinetobacter-positive obstructive hydrocephalus. This is the first reported case of culture-proven Acinetobacter-associated postencephalitic hydrocephalus with acute blindness in a dog.

著者

小野 直亮 横山 直己 黄 銘 Md. Altuf-Ul Amin 中本 雅俊 太田 大策

出版者

公益社団法人 日本化学会・情報化学部会

雑誌

Journal of Computer Aided Chemistry (ISSN:13458647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.110-116, 2017 (Released:2017-08-01)

参考文献数

16

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マイクロアレイや次世代シーケンサーを用いた網羅的発現変動解析において、多数の実験条件の組み合わせの中から有意に細胞の表現型に影響を与えているものを見つけ出す必要があり、そのためには分散分析(ANOVA)を始めとする多変量解析のための統計分析手法が必要となる。本研究ではRNA-seqを用いたユーグレナ(Euglena gracilis)の発現解析のデータをもとに、Bayes ANOVAを用いた発現変動解析により代謝経路のなかで有意に変動している遺伝子を抽出するアプローチを紹介する。培養条件の変化(好気環境から嫌気・微好気への変化)及び、増殖フェイズの変化(指数増殖期から定常期への変化)に応答して発現の変動した遺伝子を解析した。置換検定にもとづいてベイズ因子の分布を計算することにより、一般には検出の基準が不明瞭なベイズ因子によるモデル比較に対し、有意水準やFDRによる定量的な検出の基準を与えることを可能にしている。

著者

Hiroki Namikawa Koichi Yamada Hiroki Fujimoto Ken-Ichi Oinuma Yoshihiro Tochino Yasuhiko Takemoto Yukihiro Kaneko Taichi Shuto Hiroshi Kakeya

出版者

一般社団法人 日本内科学会

雑誌

Internal Medicine (ISSN:09182918)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.14, pp.1807-1815, 2017-07-15 (Released:2017-07-15)

参考文献数

37

被引用文献数

18

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Objective In recent years, infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms has become an important issue. However, comparative studies of the bacteremia caused by ESBL Enterobacteriaceae and non-ESBL Enterobacteriaceae are extremely rare in Japan. This study aimed to assess the risk factors and prognosis of patients with bacteremia due to ESBL Escherichia coli (E. coli). Methods The medical records of 31 patients with ESBL E. coli bacteremia and 98 patients with non-ESBL E. coli bacteremia who had been admitted to Osaka City University Hospital between January 2011 and June 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The patient backgrounds, risk factors for infection, and prognosis were evaluated. Results The male-to-female ratio, mean age, underlying disease, leukocyte count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level did not differ between the patients in the ESBL E. coli bacteremia and non-ESBL E. coli bacteremia groups. The mean Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score for patients with ESBL and non-ESBL E. coli bacteremia were 3.6 and 3.8, respectively. Further, the mortality did not differ between the two groups (9.7% vs 9.2%). However, the independent predictors associated with ESBL E. coli bacteremia according to a multivariate analysis were the use of immunosuppressive drugs or corticosteroids (p=0.048) and quinolones (p=0.005) prior to isolation. The mortality did not differ between the carbapenem and tazobactam/piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC) or cefmetazole (CMZ) groups for the patients with ESBL E. coli bacteremia. Conclusion Whenever we encountered patients with a history of immunosuppressive drug, corticosteroid, quinolone administration, it was necessary to perform antibiotic therapy while keeping the risk of ESBL E. coli in mind.

著者

Hae-Yong Lee Song-Hee Cheon Min-Sik Yong

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.6, pp.1054-1056, 2017 (Released:2017-06-07)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

8

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine effects of diaphragm breathing exercise applied on the basis overload principle on respiratory function. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of this study were 35 normal adults. They were randomly assigned to two group; the maneuver-diaphragm exercise group and self-diaphragm exercise group. The respiratory function was evaluated using the CardioTouch 3000S (BIONET, Korea) as a pulmometry device. [Results] The maneuver-diaphragm exercise was more effective on functional vital capacity and forced expiratory volume at one second when compared to the self-diaphragm exercise. [Conclusion] According to the results of this study, although the self-diaphragm exercise did not show effects as much as the maneuver one, but the self-diaphragm exercise had a similar effects as the maneuver-diaphragm exercise. The self-diaphragmatic respiration applied on the basis of overload principle may be used as an effective respiratory exercise as a part of home respiration program.

著者

Sameera H. Aljadi Mashael Al-Shemmari Jumana Al-Ramzi Shoug Al-Abdullatif Zahraa Hajeyah Laila Jamal Sara Al-Bahar

出版者

理学療法科学学会

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.6, pp.1014-1018, 2017 (Released:2017-06-07)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

8

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[Purpose] Interferential therapy and electrical stimulation are electrophysical modalities commonly used in physical therapy departments to treat patients with musculoskeletal problems. These machines are applied directly to the patient’s skin via a medium or electrodes, which can facilitate the transmission of microorganisms from one patient to another. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of microorganism contamination in the machines sponges at physical therapy departments in Kuwait hospitals. [Subjects and Methods] Sixty samples comprising sponges from interferential therapy and electrical stimulation machines, and water from hot pack units were collected from 5 physical therapy departments in 5 different hospitals. The samples were analyzed at a Medical Laboratory to explore the extent and type of microorganisms present. [Results] Forty-one of the 60 samples (68.3%) were positive for microorganism contamination. Of the 41 contaminated samples, 28 (68.3%) were sponges and 13 (31.7%) were water samples. The major microorganisms found were Acinetobacter baumannii (21.9%), Serratia marcescens (12.2%), and Staphylococcus lentus (7.3%). [Conclusion] Interferential therapy and electrical stimulation in physical therapy departments have a high probability of causing cross contamination between patients. Physical therapists are encouraged to adhere to safety guidelines, such as disinfection management, disposal of used sponges, and regular sponge replacement.

著者

Anil Kumar Meher Yu-Chie Chen

出版者

The Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan

雑誌

Mass Spectrometry (ISSN:2187137X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.S0057-S0057, 2017-03-18 (Released:2017-03-24)

参考文献数

147

被引用文献数

4 15

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Generation of analyte ions in gas phase is a primary requirement for mass spectrometric analysis. One of the ionization techniques that can be used to generate gas phase ions is electrospray ionization (ESI). ESI is a soft ionization method that can be used to analyze analytes ranging from small organics to large biomolecules. Numerous ionization techniques derived from ESI have been reported in the past two decades. These ion sources are aimed to achieve simplicity and ease of operation. Many of these ionization methods allow the flexibility for elimination or minimization of sample preparation steps prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Such ion sources have opened up new possibilities for taking scientific challenges, which might be limited by the conventional ESI technique. Thus, the number of ESI variants continues to increase. This review provides an overview of ionization techniques based on the use of electrospray reported in recent years. Also, a brief discussion on the instrumentation, underlying processes, and selected applications is also presented.

著者

Sy-Chyi Cheng Shih-His Chen Jentaie Shiea

出版者

The Mass Spectrometry Society of Japan

雑誌

Mass Spectrometry (ISSN:2187137X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.S0065-S0065, 2017-03-18 (Released:2017-03-24)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

8

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Flame-induced atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (FAPCI) is a solvent and high voltage-free APCI technique. It uses a flame to produce charged species that reacts with analytes for ionization, and generates intact molecular ions from organic compounds with minimal fragmentation. In this study, desorption FAPCI/MS was developed to rapidly characterize thermally stable organic compounds in liquid, cream, and solid states. Liquid samples were introduced into the ion source through a heated nebulizer, and the analytes formed in the heated nebulizer reacted with charged species in the source. For cream and solid sample analysis, the samples were positioned near the flame of the FAPCI source for thermal desorption and ionization. This approach provided a useful method to directly characterize samples with minimal pretreatment. Standards and real-world samples, such as drug tablets, ointment, and toy were analyzed to demonstrate the capability of desorption FAPCI/MS for rapid organic compound analysis.

著者

Vilma Ratia Kati Valtonen Anu Kemppainen Veli-Tapani Kuokkala

出版者

(社)日本トライボロジー学会

雑誌

Tribology Online (ISSN:18812198)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.152-161, 2012-02-15 (Released:2013-02-15)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

21

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Energy can be saved by enhancing the service life of machinery and by designing lighter units. These design changes enable, for example, lower fuel consumption and larger payloads. The implementation of this kind of solutions, however, requires development of better wear resistant materials. In this study, the wear resistance of a structural steel and three grades of wear resistant steel was evaluated with granite abrasive in tests simulating the conditions in heavy machinery in mining and transportation. Two high-stress abrasion and one impact-abrasion wear testing methods were used. In all tests, higher hardness led to decreased mass loss, but in impact-abrasion the hardness dependence was smaller than in the heavy abrasion tests. This may, however, at least partly result from deformation of softer materials over the sample edges, which is not shown as mass loss. Wear surfaces of structural steel samples exhibited the highest degree of plastic deformation due to their lower hardness and higher ductility compared to the wear resistant steels. On the other hand, in harder materials the scratches were more visible, indicating a change in wear mechanism. Both differences and similarities in the behavior and wear mechanisms of the selected steels were observed in the applied conditions.