著者

西城 隆一郎 間島 雄一 兵 昇 國貞 智弘 阿部 武史 高野 頌 さいじょう りゅういちろう まじま ゆういち ひょう のぼる くにさだ ともひろ あべ たけし たかの ひろし Saijo Ryuichiro Majima Yuichi Hyo Noboru Kunisada Tomohiro Takano Hiroshi

出版者

耳鼻咽喉科展望会

雑誌

耳鼻咽喉科展望. 補冊 (ISSN:03869687)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.38-43, 2001-08

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鼻内上顎洞篩骨洞開放術後の鼻・副鼻腔の形態を模したシリコン製の鼻・副鼻腔モデルを作製し、そのモデルに対し一定の粒子径をもった炭素粒子を噴霧し、その沈着分布パターンを検討した。結果は重量基準空気力学径6.99μmおよび14.61μmの粒子を用いた場合、とても鼻内顎洞篩骨洞開放術後のエアロゾル療法の標的部位と考えられるOMCおよび上顎洞、篩骨洞へ効果的に沈着していることが確認できた。上顎洞内では6.99μmの粒子を用いた方がより均等な沈着パターンをとった。また、ノズル角度による影響をみた実験においては、ノズル角度45°の場合が30°の場合に比べOMC、および上顎洞、篩骨洞へのエアロゾル沈着パターンを左右する要因としては、粒子径だけではなく、ノズル角度が粒子径と共に重要な要因であると考えられた。We restored a human nasosinus model whose sinuses underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery.The nasal cavity was constructed from a cast made at autopsy, and the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses were reconstructed from computed tomogarphy(CT)images.Anterior and posterior ethmoid cells were dissected and the diameter of the maxillary ostium enlarged to 10mm. We evaluated the depositional patterns of carbon particles, administered by jet nebulizer, whose aerodynamic diameter was 6.99μm or 14.61μm.Both sizes were well deposited on the ostiomeatal complex, the maxillary sinus, and the ethmoid sinuses.We also evaluated the effects of the nebulizer nozzle angle on particle deposition in the nasal cavity.We found that a 45°angle was more effective than a 30°. Our results indicate that both particle size and nozzle angle are important factors in aerosol deposition.

著者

佐藤 宏 サトウ ヒロシ SATO Hiroshi

出版者

文部科学省21世紀COEプログラム「史資料ハブ地域文化研究拠点」総括班

雑誌

史資料ハブ地域文化研究 (ISSN:13483250)

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.98-104, 2005-03

著者

Yamamoto Tetsuya Katayama-Yoshida Hiroshi

出版者

社団法人応用物理学会

雑誌

Japanese journal of applied physics. Pt. 2, Letters (ISSN:00214922)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.L166-L169, 1999-02-15

被引用文献数

28 523

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We have investigated the electronic structures of n- or p-type doped ZnO based on ab initio electronic band structure calculations. We find unipolarity in ZnO; n-type doping using Al, Ga or In species decreases the Madelung energy while p-type doping using N species increases the Madelung energy, in addition to causing substantial localization of the N states. Codoping using reactive codopants, Al, Ga or In, enhances the incorporation of N acceptors in p-type codoped ZnO. We find the delocalized states of N for p-type ZnO codoped with N and Al (Ga).

著者

Shinya Hayashi Yusuke Matsubara Seunghun Eu Hironobu Hayashi Tomokazu Umeyama Yoshihiro Matano Hiroshi Imahori

出版者

(社)日本化学会

雑誌

Chemistry Letters (ISSN:03667022)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.8, pp.846-847, 2008-08-05 (Released:2008-07-05)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

64

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Fused five-membered zinc porphyrin carboxylic acid has been synthesized to improve light-harvesting capability in the visible and near-infrared regions. The fused porphyrin-sensitized TiO2 cell exhibited the photocurrent generation extending over 800 nm, although the power conversion efficiency was found to be moderate (0.30%).

著者

Kitao Satoshi Sekine Hiroshi

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.38-42, 1994-01-23

被引用文献数

29 97

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Transglycosylation from sucrose to phenolic and related compounds by sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7) from Leuconostoc mesenteroides was studied. The enzyme had a rather broad acceptor specificity and transferred glucosyl residue of sucrose to various acceptors such as hydroxybenzenes, hydroxybenzoic acids, benzyl alcohol, and hydroxybenzyl alcohols. The enzyme could transfer the glucosyl moiety of sucrose to phenolic OH groups and alcoholic (hydroxymethyl) OH groups, though not to carboxyl groups. The phenolic OH group was more effective than a hydroxymethyl group as the acceptor. Phenolic OH groups adjacent to hydroxyl, hydroxymethyl, or carboxyl groups had an increased effectiveness as acceptors. About 2.3g of the purified transfer product was obtained from 2.0g of hydroquinone. Its structure was identified as hydroquinone-O-α-D-glucopyranoside (α-arbutin) on the bases of the secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis, the component analysis of its enzymatic hydrolysates, and the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The browning resistance of α-arbutin to light irradiation was extremely increased compared to that of hydroquinone. The inhibitory activity on tyrosinase of α-arbutin was almost equal to that of arbutin.

著者

Kanda Tomomasa Akiyama Hiroshi Yanagida Akio TANABE Masayuki GODA Yukihiro TOYODA Masatake TESHIMA Reiko SAITO Yukio

出版者

社団法人日本農芸化学会

雑誌

Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.7, pp.1284-1289, 1998-07-23

被引用文献数

37 134

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The anti-allergic activities of polyphenol fractions extracted from immature fruits of apple (Rosaceae, Malus sp.) were evaluated by in vitro assays. A crude apple polyphenol (CAP) fraction, which had been obtained from the juice of immature apples by reverse-phase column chromatography, was further purified by LH-20 column chromatography to obtain an apple condensed tannin (ACT) fraction consisting of linear oligomeric epicatechins from the dimer to pentadecamer. ACT strongly inhibited the release of histamine from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells stimulated by the antigen-stimulation and from rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated by compound 48/80. The IC_<50> values for histamine release were 30 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml, respectively. ACT also inhibited hyaluronidase activity and the increase in intracellular free calcium concentration in RBL-2H3 cells stimulated with the antigen. These results suggest that ACT Affected early signal transduction including the calcium influx.

著者

Amano Hikaru Takahashi Tomoyuki Uchida Shigeo MATSUOKA Syungo IKEDA Hiroshi HAYASHI Hiroko KUROSAWA Naohiro

出版者

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

雑誌

Journal of nuclear science and technology (ISSN:00223131)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.11, pp.975-979, 2003-11-25

被引用文献数

2

著者

Terai Hidenobu Shimizu Masami Ino Hidekazu Yamaguchi Masato Uchiyama Katsuharu Oe Kotaro Nakajima Kenichi Taki Junichi Kawano Masaya Mabuchi Hiroshi

出版者

THE SOCIETY OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC

雑誌

Journal of Nuclear Medicine (ISSN:01)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.10, pp.1612-1617, 2003-10

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Left ventricular (LV) systolic function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is usually normal. Late in the disease, however, LV systolic dysfunction and dilatation are recognized. Although abnormalities in cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in patients with HCM have been demonstrated using 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy, the changes of cardiac sympathetic nerve activity throughout the clinical course from typical to end-stage HCM are unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between abnormalities on 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy and pathophysiologic changes in patients with HCM. Methods: We performed 123I-MIBG scintigraphy on 46 patients with HCM and 18 age-matched control subjects. The patients were categorized into 3 groups: 28 patients with normal LV systolic function (group A), 9 patients with LV systolic dysfunction (group B), and 9 patients with LV systolic dysfunction and dilatation (group C). With planar 123I-MIBG imaging, the heart-to-mediastinum ratio for early and delayed acquisitions and the washout rate were calculated. With SPECT, polar maps of the LV myocardium were divided into 20 segments. The regional uptake and washout rate were calculated from semiquantitative 20-segment bull's-eye analysis. Results: The early uptake was significantly lower in group C than in the control group (P < 0.01). The washout rate was progressively higher in group A, group B, and group C (P < 0.01). Reduced regional early uptake was found in 2.9 ± 3.4 (group A), 4.1 ± 4.7 (group B), and 7.4 ± 4.3 (group C) segments, respectively. In group C, regional early uptake was significantly reduced, predominantly in the interventricular septal wall, and regional washout rate was increased in the apex and lateral wall. Conclusion: These results suggest that cardiac sympathetic nerve abnormalities in patients with HCM may advance with development of LV systolic dysfunction and dilatation and that 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy may be a useful tool for the evaluation of pathophysiologic changes in HCM.

著者

Nozawa Takashi Inoue Hiroshi Iwasa Atsushi Okumura Ken Lee Jong-dae Shimizu Akihiko Hayano Motonobu Yano Katsusuke

出版者

社団法人日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.29-34, 2003-12-20

被引用文献数

11 41

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Background Elevation of hemostatic markers may account for the increased risk of ischemic stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of anticoagulation intensity on hemostatic markers in patients with NVAF. Methods and Results In 509 patients with NVAF, comprising 263 patients treated with warfarin and 246 patients without warfarin, the hemostatic markers of prothrombin fragment F1.2 (F1.2), fibrin D-dimer, platelet factor 4 (PF4), and β-thromboglobulin were determined and compared with those in 111 patients with sinus rhythm. F1.2 was inversely related with anticoagulation intensity and D-dimer increased with age. All hemostatic markers, except F1.2, were greater in patients with NVAF than in patients with sinus rhythm. F1.2 and D-dimer were significantly lower in patients with international normalized ratio (INR) &ge; 1.5 than in NVAF patients without warfarin and were not different between NVAF patients with INR of 1.5-1.9 and with INR &ge; 2.0. Conclusions Low intensity of anticoagulation (INR 1.5-1.9) suppresses the elevated concentration of F1.2 and D-dimer in patients with NVAF, and might be favorable in Japanese patients with NVAF in view of the balance between prevention of thromboembolism and the adverse effect by warfarin (ie, bleeding).

著者

佐藤 寛 Sato Hiroshi

出版者

アジア経済研究所

雑誌

現代の中東

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.45-64, 1996-03

著者

佐藤 寛 Sato Hiroshi

出版者

日本貿易振興会アジア経済研究所

雑誌

現代の中東 (ISSN:09128107)

巻号頁・発行日

no.27, pp.42-64, 1999-09

著者

SATO Sho ITSUMURA Hiroshi

出版者

デジタルリポジトリ連合; SPARC Japan/国立情報学研究所

雑誌

DRFIC2009 発表予稿集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.78-83, 2009-12

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Research Papers in Economics (RePEc) is a subject repository to promote scholarly communication in economics. It provides bibliographic information and links to full text of online economic materials including 240,000 working papers (WPs). Some Japanese institutions have added their contents to gain more repository users.The authors analyzed usage logs of WPs in Hitotsubashi University Repository (HERMES-IR) and Academic Research Repository at the Institute of Developing Economies (ARRIDE) to reveal RePEc’s impact on the use of WPs in institutional repositories. The analysis revealed that the use of WPs which were added to RePEc was double that of not added. In particular, the use of papers written in English increased significantly and many of their users were from abroad. However, papers written in Japanese did not gain much use from RePEc. RePEc has a strong impact on English papers and users from abroad, and a little impact on Japanese papers and Japanese users.

著者

Minamida Kimiko Shiga Kazuki Sujaya I Nengah SONE TERUO YOKOTA ATSUSHI HARA HIROSHI ASANO KOZO TOMITA FUSAO

出版者

公益社団法人日本生物工学会

雑誌

Journal of bioscience and bioengineering (ISSN:13891723)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.3, pp.230-236, 2005-03-25

被引用文献数

8 34

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The effects of difructose anhydride III (di-D-fructofuranose-1,2′:2,3′-dianhydride; DFA III) administration (3% DFA III for 4 weeks) on rat intestinal microbiota were examined using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). According to DGGE profiles, the number of bacteria related to Bacteroides acidofaciens and uncultured bacteria within the Clostridium lituseburense group decreased, while that of bacteria related to Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis and Ruminococcus productus increased in DFA III-fed rat cecum. In the cecal contents of DFA III-fed rats, a lowering of pH and an increase in short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetic acid, were observed. The DFA III-assimilating bacterium, Ruminococcus sp. M-1, was isolated from the cecal contents of DFA III-fed rats. The strain had 98% similarity with R. productus ATCC 27340T (L76595), and mainly produced acetic acid. These results confirmed that the bacteria harmful to host health were not increased by DFA III administration. Moreover, DFA III stimulated the growth of Ruminococcus sp. M-1 producing acetic acid, which may alter the intestinal microbiota towards a healthier composition. It is expected that DFA III would be a new candidate as a prebiotic.

著者

Mizuhira Vinci Hasegawa Hiroshi Akagi Takumi Nagai Noriyuki

出版者

日本組織細胞化学会

雑誌

Acta histochemica et cytochemica (ISSN:00445991)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.217-230, 1998

被引用文献数

6 5

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We have seen reporting on the calcium ion distribution in cells and tissues with X-ray microanalysis (EDX) since 1978 [9] and with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (ESS) imaging since 1983 [10, 17], under various fixing conditions [12-16, 18-24]. Almost ten years ago, we tried a fixative containing NHA (N,N-naphthaloylhydroxamine) as a chemical precipitant for Ca<2+> ions under microwaved conditions [12, 19]. However, the data did not seem to be as sensitive or useful, under conventional electron microscopy and computerized X-ray microanalysis, compared to the two-step replacement method combined with microwave fixation using potassium (K) oxalate followed by potassium (K) antimonate, for the detection of Ca<2+> ions [12, 19-21]. Recently, however, we used ESS to analyze same tissue sections which were fixed with NHAcontaining fixative with microwave fixation ten years previously. We discovered with ESS analysis that NHA is a sensitive and ideal chemical reagent for calcium ion deteclion in a cell giving the same view as that of frozen dried or freeze-substituted tissue sections. Calcium was clearly seen and widely distributed in developing chondroblast endoplasmic ultrastructures: ribosomes, cell and endoplasmic membranes, mitochondria, Golgi, and nucleus. However, free mesen-chymal cells which were not involved in calcifying functions had only a very small amount of calcium. Calcium was widely distributed in the lacunae of the surrounding space of the chondroblasts and inmature matrix, but the exoplasm of the chondroblasts was almost calcium-free. Other elemental images in the young chondrocytes or osteoblasts, i.e.. P・L, S・L, O・K, and N・K, were seen clearly superimposed on the cell ultrastructures, i.e.. the cell membranes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticula, mitochondria, Golgi, and nucleus [24].

著者

Yamashita Takeshi Ogawa Satoshi Aizawa Yoshifusa Atarashi Hirotsugu Inoue Hiroshi Ohe Tohru Okumura Ken Kato Takao Kamakura Shiro Kumagai Koichiro Kurachi Yoshihisa Kodama Itsuo Koretsune Yukihiro Saikawa Tetsunori Sakurai Masayuki Sugi Kaoru Nakaya Haruaki Nakayama Toshio Hirai Makoto Fukatani Masahiko Mitamura Hideo Yamazaki Tsutomu

出版者

社団法人日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.9, pp.738-741, 2003-08-20

被引用文献数

22 50

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The Japanese Rhythm Management Trial for Atrial Fibrillation (J-RHYTHM study) is a randomized comparative evaluation of rate control and rhythm control, both combined with antithrombotic therapy, as therapeutic strategies for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study differs from the earlier AFFIRM and RACE studies in that it has a composite primary end-point representing mortality and also physical/psychological disablement (total mortality, symptomatic cerebral infarction, systemic embolism, major bleeding, hospitalization for heart failure requiring intravenous administration of diuretics, and patient disablement). Patients' will to change the therapeutic strategy to the other is also considered as an end-point representing disablement under the assigned strategy. The secondary end-point includes quality of life scores and the efficacy and safety of drugs used in treating AF. The J-RHYTHM study emphasizes patient-reported experience and perception of AF-specific disablement, and the safety of antiarrhythmics available in Japan; it will follow 2,600 patients treated at more than 150 sites in Japan for a 3-year period. (Circ J 2003; 67: 738-741)

著者

Yamaguchi Mitsune Saito Toshiaki Horiguchi Yoshie Ogawa Keita Tsuchiya Yukihiro Hishinuma Kayoko Chikuma Toshiyuki Makino Yukiko Hojo Hiroshi

出版者

公益社団法人日本薬学会

雑誌

Journal of health science (ISSN:13449702)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.6, pp.600-604, 2004-12-01

被引用文献数

4

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The cultivation or trafficking of "Magic mushrooms," containing hallucinogenic psilocin and psilocybin, has been prohibited by the Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Law in Japan since 2002. To identify these mushrooms, we attempted to prepare the monoclonal antibody (mAb) reactive to these hallucinogens. As an antigen inducing an anti-psilocin mAb, N-{4-[3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)indol-4-yl-oxy]butyl}succinamic acid was synthesized by modifying the 4-hydroxyl moiety of psilocin and coupled to a carrier protein of keyhole limpet hemocyanin. BALB/c mice were immunized five times with the antigen emulsified with an adjuvant, and their spleen cells were fused with mouse myeloma cells. We obtained several hybridoma cells producing mAbs reactive to psilocin, from which fourclones, BA631, CA231, KA422, and MA332 with a higher production of anti-psilocin mAb were selected by limiting dilution. Isotype of CA231 and KA422 mAbs were IgG2a and that of BA631 and MA332 mAbs were IgGl.Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using BA631 mAb, revealed that BA631 cross-reacted with psilocin and dimethyltryptamine, but not with the other indole derivatives such as psilocybin, 4-hydroxyindole, tryptamine, and tryptophan. Therefore, these antibodies could be used for the identification of magic mushrooms.

著者

Nagasaka Shiro Katoh Hideki Niu Chim Feng Matsui Saori Urushida Tsuyoshi Satoh Hiroshi Watanabe Yasuhide Hayashi Hideharu

出版者

社団法人日本循環器学会

雑誌

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.3, pp.429-436, 2007-02-20

被引用文献数

2 23

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Background The identification of protein kinase A(PKA) anchoring proteins on mitochondria implies a direct effect of PKA on mitochondrial function. However, little is known about the relationship between PKA and mitochondrial metabolism. Methods and Results The effects of PKA on the mitochondrial redox state(flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)), mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨ_m) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) production were investigated in saponin-permeabilized rat cardiomyocytes. The PKA catalytic subunit(PKA_<cat>; 50 unit/ml) increased FAD intensities by 56.6±7.9%(p<0.01), 2'7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate(DCF) intensities by 10.5±3.3 fold(p<0.01) and depolarized ΔΨ_m to 48.1±9.5% of the control(p<0.01). Trolox(a ROS scavenger; 100μmol/L) inhibited PKA_<cat>-induced ΔΨ_m, FAD and DCF alteration. PKA_<cat>-induced ΔΨ_m depolarization was inhibited by an inhibitor of the inner membrane anion channel(IMAC), 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid(DIDS: 1μmol/L) but not by an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP), cyclosporine A(lOOnmol/L). Conclusions PKA_<cat> alters FAD and ΔΨ_m via mitochodrial ROS generation, and PKAcat-induced ΔΨ_m depolarization was not caused by mPTP but rather by DIDS-sensitive mechanisms, which could be caused by opening of the IMAC. The effects of PKA on mitochondrial function could be related to myocardial function under the condition of extensive β-adrenergic stimulation.

著者

清家 浩 Seike Hiroshi セイケ ヒロシ

出版者

広島経済大学

雑誌

広島経済大学創立四十周年記念論文集

巻号頁・発行日

pp.957-981, 2007-10-10

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はじめに Ⅰ.タンソンヴィル 1.ジルベルト 2.サン・チレール教会 3.『金色の目の娘』 Ⅱ.模作『ゴンクールの日記』 1.パスティッシュ 2.ゴンクール観察の文学 3.幻惑あるいは幻滅 まとめ

著者

AMANO Hiroshi KITO Masahiro HIRAMATSU Kazumasa AKASAKI Isamu

出版者

社団法人応用物理学会

雑誌

Japanese journal of applied physics. Pt. 2, Letters (ISSN:00214922)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.12, pp.L2112-L2114, 1989-12-20

被引用文献数

103 1589

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Distinct p-type conduction is realized with Mg-doped GaN by the low-energy electron-beam irradiation (LEEBI) treatment, and the properties of the GaN p-n junction LED are reported for the first time. It was found that the LEEBI treatment drastically lowers the resistivity and remarkably enhances the PL efficiency of MOVPE-grown Mg-doped GaN. The Hall effect measurement of this Mg-doped GaN treated with LEEBI at room temperature showed that the hole concentration is 〜2・10^<16>cm^<-3>, the hole mobility is 〜8 cm^2/ V・s and the resistivity is 〜35 Ω・cm. The p-n junction LED using Mg-doped GaN treated with LEEBI as the p-type material showed strong near-band-edge emission due to the hole injection from the p-layer to the n-layer at room temperature.

著者

Toyama Takuji Hoshizaki Hiroshi Isobe Naoki Adachi Hitoshi Naito Shigeto Oshima Shigeru Taniguchi Koichi

出版者

社団法人日本循環器学会

雑誌

Japanese circulation journal (ISSN:00471828)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.12, pp.937-942, 2000-11-20

被引用文献数

6 6

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To identify and quantify the amount of viable hibernating myocardium in patients with chronic coronary artery disease, resting ^<201>Tl single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT) was compared with ^<99m>Tc-methoxy-isobutyl isonitrile(MIBI) SPECT after nitrate infusion (nitrate-^<99m>Tc-MIBI) and ^<201>Tl SPECT after ^<201>Tl with glucose-insulin-potassium infusion (^<201>Tl-GIK) in 25 patients. Twenty-one patients also underwent completely left ventriculography beforehand and 5±4 months afterwards. SPECT images were divided into 9 segments and scored visually from 0 (normal uptake) to 3 (absent). The defect score was calculated as the summation of the total scores(TDS) in each patient. The TDS of nitrate-^<99m>Tc-MIBI images (6.3±4.3) and ^<201>Tl-GIK images (5.8±4.2) were significantly lower than the 7.4±4.3 of resting ^<201>Tl images (p<0.01). Based on the improvement of wall motion after coronary revascularization, the sensitivity of ^<201>Tl-GIK imaging (85%) was significantly higher (p<0.05), and that of nitrate-^<99m>Tc-MIBI imaging (79%) also tended to be higher (p=0.08), than that of ^<201>Tl imaging (62%) in detecting viable myocardium. The specificity of the 3 methods was almost the same. The nitrate-^<99m>Tc-MIBI and ^<201>Tl-GIK methods were more useful than the resting ^<201>Tl method for evaluating viable hibernating myocardium. Furthermore, the ^<201>Tl-GIK method may provide a more accurate estimate of the amount of viable myocardium than the nitrate-^<99m>Tc-MIBI method.