著者

Hiroshi Yoshikura

出版者

National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Editorial Committee

雑誌

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases (ISSN:13446304)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.JJID.2018.421, (Released:2019-04-26)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1

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The number of eaters and that of patients per outbreak followed lognormal distribution in food poisonings caused by microbes while it followed scale-free distribution in food poisoning caused by plant or animal toxins. Attack rates of the individual outbreaks were distributed continuously and almost linearly from >0 to 1 for all the food poisonings, i.e., they could not be represented by median and standard deviation. For monitoring of the number of patients and the attack rate in individual outbreaks simultaneously, the number of patients was plotted in the x-axis in the logarithmic scale against the attack rate in the y-axis in the normal scale. There emerged plots characterized by repeating arcs assuming shape of a butterfly with extended wings viewed from above, which was called “backbone configuration”. The butterfly-shaped plot patterns were generally stable over time, but variable depending on pathogens, implicated facilities and their combinations. The backbone configuration was reproduced by assuming that the number of patients per outbreak was distributed continuously from 1 to the number of eaters per outbreak.

著者

Moe AKIMITSU Yasushi ONO Qinghong CAO Hiroshi TANABE

出版者

The Japan Society of Plasma Science and Nuclear Fusion Research

雑誌

Plasma and Fusion Research (ISSN:18806821)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.1202108, 2018-09-25 (Released:2018-10-17)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

1 3

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2D high-resolution magnetic probe arrays for local 2D magnetic field measurements of magnetic reconnection have been developed using advanced printed-circuit board (PCB) technology. Each of these arrays can be equipped with all three components of magnetic pickup coils (5 × 3 mm2). Each coil is composed of a two-sided coil circuit pattern with a line width of 0.05 mm. Based on this new probe technique, we conducted high-resolution and high-accuracy measurements of the current sheet to determine the formation and ejection of plasmoid in a current sheet of two merging tokamak plasmas for the first time.

著者

Makoto Matsubara Hiroshi Sato Kenji Uehira Masashi Mochizuki Toshihiko Kanazawa

出版者

Fuji Technology Press Ltd.

雑誌

Journal of Disaster Research (ISSN:18812473)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.5, pp.844-857, 2017-10-01 (Released:2018-11-01)

参考文献数

34

被引用文献数

20

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Tomographic analysis of the seismic velocity structure beneath oceans has always been difficult because offshore events determined by onshore seismic networks have large uncertainties in depth. In order to use reliable event locations for our computations, we have developed a method to use the hypocentral depths determined by the NIED F-net with moment tensor solutions using long-period (20-50 s) waves from offshore events away from onshore seismic networks. We applied seismic tomographic method to events occurring between the years 2000 and 2015 to generate a tomographic image of the Japanese Islands and the surrounding using travel time data picked by the NIED Hi-net, hypocenteral information for onshore earthquakes from the Hi-net, and hypocenter information for offshore events from the F-net. The seismic velocity structure at depths of 30-50 km beneath the Pacific Ocean off the east coast of northeastern Japan and onshore Japan was clearly imaged using both onshore and offshore event date. The boundary between high and low P-wave velocities (Vp) is clearly seen at the Median Tectonic Line beneath southwestern Japan at depths of 10 and 20 km. We discuss how the high-Vp lower crust and low-Vp upper crust beneath central Japan and towards the Sea of Japan are responsible for the failed rift structures formed during the opening of the Sea of Japan. Due to consequent shortening, the crustal deformation has been concentrated along the failed rift zone. Resolution of shallow structures beneath the ocean is investigated using S-net data, confirming the possibility of imaging depths of 5-20 km. In future studies, application of S-net data will be useful in evaluating whether the failed rift structure, formed during the late Cretaceous to early Tertiary, continues towards the shallow regions beneath the Pacific Ocean.

著者

Akiba Kazuto Miyake Atsushi Yaguchi Hiroshi Matsuo Akira Kindo Koichi Tokunaga Masashi

出版者

The Physical Society of Japan

雑誌

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan (ISSN:13474073)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, 2015-04-24

被引用文献数

33

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The in-plane resistivity, Hall resistivity, and magnetization of graphite were investigated in pulsed magnetic fields applied along the c-axis. The Hall resistivity approaches zero at approximately 53 T where the in-plane and out-of-plane resistivities steeply decrease. The differential magnetization also shows an anomaly at around this field with an amplitude similar to that of de Haas–van Alphen oscillations at lower fields. This transition field appears insensitive to disorder, but reduces with hole doping. These results suggest the realization of the quantum limit states above 53 T. As a plausible explanation for the observed gapped out-of-plane conduction above 53 T, the emergence of the excitonic BCS-like state in graphite is proposed.UTokyo Research掲載「量子極限状態における励起子のBCS的状態の可能性」 URI: http://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ja/utokyo-research/research-news/possible-excitonic-bcs-like-state-in-the-quantum-limit-state.htmlUTokyo Research "Possible excitonic BCS-like state in the quantum limit state" URI: http://www.u-tokyo.ac.jp/en/utokyo-research/research-news/possible-excitonic-bcs-like-state-in-the-quantum-limit-state.html

著者

HAGA Kazuo Itoh Tomomichi ENDO Hiroshi SHINDO Yoshihisa BAGLIETTO Emilio SASAKI Yasutomo IRIKURA Motoki

出版者

一般社団法人 日本機械学会

雑誌

Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. Book of abstracts : ICONE

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2011, pp._ICONE1943, 2011

被引用文献数

1

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When heat-transfer tube failure occurred in SG of LMFBR and the steam leak rate is medium (some 10s g/s-some kg/s), overheating tube rupture would be caused due to the accelerated high-temperature creep in the heat transfer tubes surrounded by the high temperature products of sodium-water reaction (SWR). However, the detailed analysis code to analyze this phenomenon is not established. Adopting a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code would be a promising candidate for that perpose. At first in developing the analysis tool using a CFD code, STAR-CCM+ and LHM (Locally Homogeneous Multi-phase) model was adapted considering the appropriateness to SWR and the merits of homogeneous model, that is, the light load of computing resources and the minimum usage of models whose applicability is remained in argument. In the second step, a concept of interfacial area density was introduced to the submerged jet analysis. Furthermore, a sodium-water reaction model was added as an external function of the CDF code. A trial calculation was made to the basic SWR experimental data obtained by Hobbes et al. The analysis of the temperature profile formed in the jet region showed a good agreement with the experiment by properly choosing parameters such as Lewis number and the heat transfer coefficient on the sodium droplet. No marked difference was seen between the two-dimensional analysis and the three-dimensional analysis.

著者

Kazunori Shibata Masaki Moriyama Tetsuhito Fukushima Akihiko Kaetsu Motonobu Miyazaki Hiroshi Une

出版者

Japan Epidemiological Association

雑誌

Journal of Epidemiology (ISSN:09175040)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.5, pp.310-316, 2000 (Released:2007-11-30)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

48 62

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Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is well known as a precancerous lesion of the stomach, and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection increases the risk of CAG. While recent studies have reported that green tea consumption decreases the risk of gastric cancer, there has been no study analyzing the relationship between green tea consumption and the both risks H. pylori infection and CAG. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 636 subjects living in a farming village in Japan to examine the relationship among green tea consumption, H. pylori infection, and CAG. Smoking, alcohol drinking, consumption of four beverages, including green tea, and of five foods were investigated as lifestyle factors that may affect H. pylori infection and CAG. The measurement of H. pylori-IgG antibodies was used to define H. pylori infection, and serum pepsinogens were used to define of CAG. The unconditional logistic regression model was used for analyzing each odds ratio (OR). H. pylori infection was positively associated with the risk of CAG (OR = 3.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.59-5.36). High green tea consumption (more than 10 cups per day) was negatively associated with the risk of CAG, even after adjustment for H. pylori infection and lifestyle factors associated with green tea consumption (OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43-0.93). These results support the hypothesis that high green tea consumption prevents CAG. J Epidemiol, 2000 ; 10 : 310-316

著者

岡田 進 朝日 良一 田島 なつき 隈崎 達夫 長谷川 節雄 菊池 洋史 上坂 伸宏 オカダ ススム アサヒ リョウイチ タジマ ナツキ クマザキ タツオ ハセガワ セツオ キクチ ヒロ シ ウエサカ ノブヒロ Okada Susumu Asahi Ryouichi Tajima Natsuki Kumazaki Tatsuo Hasegawa Setsuo Kikuchi Hiroshi Uyesaka Nobuhiro

出版者

日本医学放射線学会

雑誌

日本医学放射線学会雑誌 (ISSN:00480428)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.5, pp.729-744, 1987-05-25

著者

Kimura Hiroshi Fukagawa Misato Tamura Motohide KOBAYASHI Hiroshi YAMAMOTO Tetsuo ISHII Miki SUTO Hiroshi

出版者

Terra Scientific Pub. Co.

雑誌

Earth, planets and space (ISSN:13438832)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.111-116, 2010-01-01

参考文献数

37

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We report near-infrared imaging observations of the β Pic dust disk, from which we infer the orbital architecture of planetesimal belts that remain near mean motion resonances (MMRs) with a planet at 62 AU. Our results reveal that one of the previously identified planetesimal belts lies in the 2/3 MMR with the planet, similar to the resonant relation between Plutinos and Neptune. We suggest that all the previously reported planetesimal belts are located near the 2/3 MMRs of four planets whose spatial arrangements make a similar figure of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. This implies that the Solar System is a prototype of planetary systems around main-sequence stars in terms of planets' configuration, as expected from planet formation theories.

著者

Toru Miyoshi Hideo Kawakami Yusuke Kono Akira Oshita Hiroshi Matsuoka

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Reports (ISSN:24340790)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.CR-19-0014, (Released:2019-03-20)

参考文献数

1

著者

中谷 拓士 Hiroshi Nakatani

出版者

関西学院大学商学研究会 ; 1952-

雑誌

商学論究 (ISSN:02872552)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.4, pp.1-22, 2016-03

著者

加藤 浩 Kato Hiroshi カトウ ヒロシ

出版者

文芸学研究会

雑誌

文芸学研究 (ISSN:13460641)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.133-155, 1999-03-31

著者

村山 博 Hiroshi Murayama 桃山学院大学経営学部

出版者

桃山学院大学総合研究所

雑誌

桃山学院大学経済経営論集 = ST. ANDREW'S UNIVERSITY ECONOMIC AND BUSINESS REVIEW (ISSN:02869721)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.1-37, 2007-11-20

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The old innovation was eliminating the products of the other companies from the market, spreading only the products of one's company widely, and raising the market share as much as possible. It was no longer a business goal to win the competition with the other companies after the information technology innovation. Then some companies are beginning to look for a new innovation or a business goal. That is the innovation that companies do not compete with the other companies but cooperates with the competitors in the market. The innovation consists of the competitor's bunches which harmonize both competition and accordance and can make new products and new technologies which we have never seen before. This innovation from the viewpoint of customers or markets differs from the old innovations greatly. The innovation will be indispensable in the internet community. This paper studies the innovation which cooperates with the other companies and considered the hybrid car of Toyota, the digital broadcasting of Disney, the development of the Linux software, etc. The following conclusions were reached. Vertical accordance" of this innovation carries out the synchronization of the three innovations, such as development, manufacturing, and distribution. And Horizontal accordance" of this innovation has the synergy by cooperative development and licensing with the other companies. We can call it the innovation of innovations. The local brands, merchandising rights, open source methods, cooperative research and cooperative development, licensing among other companies, the de facfo standards are the brand new innovations which cooperates with the other companies. Some companies of the specific community manufacture and sell using the same local brand. The accordance between companies by this local brand can acquire the large cost performance and the synergy which the only one company cannot acquire. It can be called the accordance innovation. The source code of the Linux software was opened to the entire world. Then, the developers connected with the Internet in the world have performed the development of the Linux software. As a result, the Linux software became such wonderful software that Microsoft is threatened. This open source method is the new accordance innovation in the internet community. This paper also studies the problems of the new innovations, such as the matter on which researchers escape from the development, the matter on which the competition stagnates, and the matter on which the standards monopolize the market.

著者

杉山 治 細田 祥勝 三宅 正裕 大槻 涼 平木 秀輔 山本 豪志郎 田村 寛 辻川 明孝 黒田 知宏 Osamu Sugiyama Hosoda Yoshikatsu Miyake Masahiro Otsuki Ryo Hiragi Shusuke Yamamoto Goshiro Tamura Hiroshi Tsujikawa Akitaka Kuroda Tomohiro

雑誌

人工知能学会研究会資料

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, 2019-03-05

著者

IMAI Hiroshi SAHAI Raghvendra MORRIS Mark

出版者

American Astronomical Society

雑誌

The Astronomical Journal (ISSN:00046256)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.669, no.1, pp.424-434,

被引用文献数

43

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Using the Very Long Baseline Array at six epochs, we have observed H2O maser emission in the preplanetary nebula IRAS 19134+2131 (I19134), in which the H2O maser spectrum has two groups of emission features separated in radial velocity by ~100 km s^-1. We also obtained optical images of I19134 with the Hubble Space Telescope to locate the bipolar reflection nebula in this source for the first time. The spatio-kinematical structure of the H2O masers indicates the existence of a fast, collimated (precessing) flow having a projected extent of ~140 mas and an expansion rate of ~1.9 mas yr^-1 on the sky plane, which gives a dynamical age of only ~40 yr. The two detected optical lobes are also separated by ~150 mas in almost the same direction as that of the collimated flow. The good agreement between the extent and orientation of the H2O maser outflow and optical lobes suggests that the lobes have been recently formed along the collimated fast flow. Thus, the circumstellar envelope around the evolved star has apparently been penetrated by the fast flow and has been cleared for the emergence of the starlight in the directions of the fast flow. The positions of all of the detected maser features have been measured with respect to the extragalactic reference source J1925+2106 over one year. Therefore, we analyzed maser feature motions that consist of the combination of an annual parallax, a secular motion following Galactic rotation, and the intrinsic motions within the flow.We obtain an annualparallax distance to I19134 of D = 8.0[+0.9 -0.7] kpc and estimate its location in the Galaxy to be (R, θ, z) = (7:4[+0.4 -0.3] kpc, 62° ± 5°, 0.65[+0.07 -0.06] kpc). From the mean motion of the blueshifted and redshifted clusters of maser features, we estimate the three-dimensional (3D) secularmotion of I19134 to be (V_R, V_θ, V_z) = (3[+53 -46], 125[+20 -28], 8[+48 -39]) km s^-1. From the height from the Galactic plane, z, and the velocity component perpendicular to the Galactic plane, V_z, we estimate a rough upper limit of ~9 M to the stellar mass of I19134's progenitor.

著者

Kazunari Iwao Rushiana Tokie Kawai Masako Oda Hiroshi Saitoh

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:09186158)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.9, pp.1566-1571, 2017-09-01 (Released:2017-09-01)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

1

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between various drugs and aojiru (green juice), a popular health food in Japan, using a simple centrifugation method. The mixture of drug solution and aojiru suspension was gently shaken and centrifuged. The drug concentration in the supernatant fluid was then determined by HPLC. The concentration of rhodamine 123 (Rho-123), a model compound, in the supernatant fluid significantly decreased after mixing with aojiru, indicating extensive binding of Rho-123 to the insoluble components of aojiru. When administered into rat small intestinal loops together with aojiru, the plasma Rho-123 concentrations became much smaller than those when administered alone. This result strongly suggested that a strong interaction observed in vitro was well reflected in modulated absorption. Among seven drugs tested, chlorpromazine and imipramine exerted binding properties to aojiru similar to or greater than Rho-123. As a small part of both Rho-123 and imipramine was released when the aojiru precipitate was resuspended, their binding to aojiru was considered to be tight. The binding of diltiazem, fexofenadine, glibenclamide, metformin, and norfloxacin to aojiru was much weaker or almost negligible compared with that of chlorpromazine and imipramine. The present results suggest that aojiru can decrease the intestinal absorption of some clinically relevant drugs through tight binding in the small intestine and that the present centrifugation method is useful for predicting in vivo interactions between drugs and aojiru.

著者

大島 廣 Ohshima Hiroshi

出版者

九州帝國大學農學部

雑誌

九州帝國大學農學部學藝雜誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.2, pp.70-102, 1925-02

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La markukumo cefe priskribata en ci tiu verko estas. Thyone briareus, sed krom gi estas iuloke citataj ankau du aliaj Kukumaridoj, nome Cucumaria sax icola . kaj C. echinata. La unua j n oocitojn trovigantajn en la ovario sezone de la ovellasado oni povas dividi en la jenajn kvar klasojn: a) la plej junaj; b) kreskantaj; c) plenkreskintaj; kaj d) degenerantaj. El la plej juna j oocitoj antau la komenco de kreskado oni yields la pakitenan kaj diplotenan stadiojn (Tab. 1, fig. 1). Poste aperas kelkaj nukleoloj, kaj la kromatenaj fadenoj iom post iom farigas malklaraj. En la kreska .stadio (Tab. 1, fig. 2) l a nukleoloj plimultigas (n), dum la kromatena reto senkolorigas kaj" la citoplasmo kolorigas bazofile. Iam maifrue okazas stadio, kiun oni eble povas nomi diakinezo. En tiu ti stadio la nuklereto montras fortan bazofilecon, trovigas nur unu granda nukleolo, kaj la kromosomoj (gemini) kugantaj dise interne de la nukleo .prenas la formojn 0, X, Y, k.t.p. La .kreskantaj oocitoj enhavas fasketon de kromaj fadenoj kusantan en c itoplasmo flank& de la animalpoluso (c). En "Cucumaria saxicola gi elsendas radie striojn kid astro. Mi prenas in kiel aliformintan centrosomon. La plenkreskintaj oocitoj (Tab. 1, fig. 3) havas dikan jelea n kovrajon (j) inter la ovmembrano kaj la folikla epitelio. Ce la animalpoluso staras konas forma procezo mikropila (m), kiu penetras la jelean kovrajon. Gi povas esti nek postsigno de la alligado de I'ovo al la epitelio; nek vojo, sur kiu fluas nutrajo en: la ovon. Sajnas al mi, ke gi havas ian rilaton kun la poste aperonta unua maturiga spindelo. La nukleo (germa veziketo, g) enhavas kelkajn nukleolojn (n). Ce la nuklea membrano proksime al la animalpoluso kirks kromatena masetoi kiun mi volas nomi kariosfero (ks). La kromosomoj aperontaj sur la unua maturiga spindelo sajnas deveni de ei tiu maseto. De la degenerantaj oocitoj estas distingeblaj tri gradoj. En. tiu de la unua grado (Tab. 1, fig. 4) restas ankorati granda nukleo (g) enhavanta nenormale grandigintajn nukleolojn (n), kaj la citosomo kun ovflavo estas dispecigita en diversgrandajn sferojn. Inter ili oni povas trovi fagocitojn (fg) atakantajn la celon. Tiu de la dua grado jam ne havas nukleon, kaj multe da homogenaj gutosimilaj sferetoj anstatauis la citoplastnon. La triagrada degeneranta oocito estas nur maso de malplena, maldelikata reto, sur kiu kugas multe da malgrandaj nukleoj piknozaj. Thyone briareus ellasas ovojn en junio, kaj posttagmeze de la tago, en kiu la bestoj estas kaptitaj. La ovellasado okazas, kiam la marakvo en akvario estas malklarigita per spermo. Artefarita malheleco povis kauzi spermeljetadon kaj sekve ovellasadon. La ovo jus ellasita (Tab. 1, fig. 5) estas en la frua metafazo de la unua maturiga divido, kaj montras 22 kromosomojn (haplojda nombro) sur la spindelo. Ce la dua divido la kromosomoj fendigas laulonge. En ambau dividoj aperas interkorpo (Tab. 1, fig. 6, 7, ik) sur la spindelo ce la telofazo. La poluskorpoj ambau restas sub la elea kovrao (I. p, II. p). La du maturigaj dividoj okazas kun intertempo de 20?30 minutoj. Tuj antau divido la ovo emas rondigi (Tekstofig. 1, A, C), kaj post la eljeto de poluskorpo gi denove platigas (B, D). Versajne ci tiuj sangoj de la ova formo dependas al la sangoj en viskozeco de la protoplasmo kauzitaj de kreskado de l'astroj. Nenormalaj kazoj renkontigis. Unu el ili konsistas en tio, ke la unua maturiga spindelo havas kvin polusojn. Eble la multopoluseco ne estas rezulto de trofrua centrosoma divido de la dua maturigo. En aliaj du kazoj la spindelo kusas meze de l'ovo. La kauzo de tiu ci nenormaleco gajnas esti malsukcesa ankrado de unu astro al la animalpoluso. Enveno de la spermo en la ovon okazas plej ofte cirkau la ekvatoro de l'ovo, malofte proksime al la vegeta poluso, dutn neniu spermo envenas cirkau la animalpoluso (Tekstofig. 3, 4). La diversaj lokoj de la ovsuprajo diferencas inter si je distanco de la centre troviganta restaja substanco de l'nukleo (Tekstofig. 5), kaj de la astroj de la unua maturiga spindelo. Al mi gajnas, ke proksimeco al la astroj plialtigas la viskozecon de l'plasmo, kiu fakto malhelpas la eletendon de plasmaj procezoj, per kiuj la ovo povus kapti spermojn. Post la dua maturiga divido, la kromosomoj restantaj en la ovo farigas kromosomaj veziketoj (Tab. i, fig. 7, kv), kiuj fine unuigante formas ovonukleon. La spermonukleo pligrandigas kaj similigas al la ovonukleo. La nuklea membrano inter la almetigintaj germaj nukleoj malaperas, kaj tiam baldau la unua enda spindelo sekvas aperi.本研究に於て取り扱つた動物は主として Thyone briareus で, 之を補ふに Cucumaria saxicola 及び C. echinata の二種に關する所見を以てした。産卵期にある卵巣に見らるゝ第一卵母細胞は生長期前のもの, 生長期にあるもの, 生長期を了つたもの, 及び退化崩壊しつゝあるものの四通りに區別する事が出來る。生長期前の早い時期に於ては肥絲期或は重絲期などが見られ, 次いで数個の核仁が現れ染色髄は漸次不判明になつて來る。生長期に於ては核仁は増加し染色質は甚少くなり又細胞質は嗜鹽基性を示す。やや晩い或る時期に於て diakinezo と解す可き時期がある, 此の時は核網は強く嗜鹽基性を示し核仁はたゞ一個となる。染色體は太く明瞭に現れ O, X, Y 等の形をとつて核内に散在する。又生長期の卵には動物極に於て細胞體内に束をなせる染色性の絲状の小體が見られる。 c. saxicola では之から星状體に於ける如く輻線を發して居るを見る。余は之を中心體の變形物と見倣さんとするものである。生長を終つた卵には卵膜と卵胞上皮との間に厚い寒天層が生じ, 動物極には卵門突起がある。之は卵胞上皮との連絡の痕跡でも無く, 榮養の輸入路でもなく, 恐らく後來現る可き第一成熟分裂の紡錘絲の一部を含むものと思はれる。核仁は大小數個あるが, 此の外に動物極に近い側に核質圏と名づけ得べき染色質塊がある。成熟分裂の染色體は此の者から分離して出つる様に見える。退化崩擁しつゝある卵母細胞に三つの時期を見る事が出來る。第一は異常に増大した核仁を含める核を有し, 卵黄を含める細胞質は大小球状の塊に分れて居り, 其の間に蝕胞の侵入せるを見る。第二のものには核は消失し, 細胞質は變じて均質滴状の小球となり, 第三期に至ればこの滴状の小球も亦融け去つて粗い網状の塊の中に退化しつゝある核の多数介在せるを見る。 Thyone の産卵期は六月で, 産卵は捕獲當日の午後に見られ, 必す先づ精子によつて槽内の水が汚濁して後に雌が放卵を始めるものである。動物を明所から薄暗がりに移しても射精放卵を促す事が出來た。産出直後の卵は第一成熟分裂の中期にあり, 染色體は二十二個(半數)を算へる。第二成熟分裂には染色體は縦裂する。二囘共に終期に於て紡錘の上に間體が現れる。極體は二つ共寒天層の外に出つる事無く, 此の層と卵膜との間に横はる。二囘の成熟分裂は二三十分の間隔を措いて行はれ, 分裂直前には卵は著しく圓くなり, 直後には扁平となる, これは恐らく星状體の消長に伴ふ卵内容の粘性の変化と關係のあるものと思はれる。異常の場合として五極を有する第一成熟分裂像一例と, 分裂像が動物極を離れて卵の中心に移動ぜるもの二例とを見た。この多極紡錘は第一第二成熟分裂に於ける二囘の中心體の分裂が同時に起つた結果であるとは考へられない。又分裂像が卵の中心に移動した原因は紡錘の一極が動物極に充分よく固着しなかつた事にあると思はれる。精子が卵に侵入するは赤道の附近に於てするもの最も多く, 植物極の附近では甚少く, 動物極附近では全く之を見ない。その原因に就いては之等異れる部位に及ぼす核の残質の影響と, 星状體の發達に伴へる原形質の粘性の増加如何とを考へる事が出來るが, 恐らく動物極附近に於ける粘性の増加は卵表面に於ける原形質突起の形成を妨げ, 從つて精子の捕へ入れらるる機會が此の附近に少くせらるゝのではあるまいか。第二成熟分裂後卵内の染色體は膨大して染色體胞を形づくり, 之等は後相合して卵核となる。精核も膨大してその大さ卵核と等しくなり, 兩核の合着後隔壁が消失して暫く一個の分割核となり, 而して後第一分割紡錘が形成せらるる事となる。

著者

JUN-ICHI YAMASHITA SETSUO TAKEDA HIROSHI MATSUMOTO TADAFUMI TERADA NORIO UNEMI MITSUGI YASUMOTO

出版者

The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

雑誌

Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin (ISSN:00092363)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.5, pp.2090-2094, 1987-05-25 (Released:2009-10-19)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

6 6

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Various O-acyl and N-acyl derivatives of 2'-deoxy-5-trifluoromethyluridine (F3Thd) were synthesized; namely 5'-O-acyl, 3', 5'-di-O-acyl, N3-acyl, 3', 5'-di-O-acetyl-N3-acyl, 3', 5'-di-O-carbamoyl and 3', 5'-di-O-ethoxycarbonyl compounds. 5'-O-Acyl derivatives of 2'-deoxy-5-trifluoromethylcytidine were also synthesized.The antitumor activities of these compounds against sarcoma 180 were examined by oral administration to mice. Among the 5'-and 3', 5'-diester compounds with aliphatic acids, the 5'-O-hexanoyl compound showed the highest activity. Full protection of the sugar moiety with aroyl or carbamoyl groups considerably decreased the activities, and those of the 3', 5'-di-O-m-fluorobenzoyl and 3, 5'-di-O-butylcarbamoyl compounds were the smallest. N3-Benzoyl compounds were slightly more effective than F3Thd but none of them showed higher activity than the effective O-acyl compounds. In the case of 5'-O-acylates of 2'-deoxy-5-trifluoromethylcytidine, the 5'-O-benzoyl compound showed the highest activity.

著者

山口 かほる 大熊 康弘 水野 かほり 並木 美夏 中村 曜祐 常岡 寛 ヤマグチ カホル オオクマ ヤスヒロ ミズノ カホリ ナミキ ミカ ナカムラ ヨウスケ ツネオカ ヒロシ Yamaguchi Kahoru Okuma Yosuke Mizuno Kahori Namiki Mika Nakamura Yosuke Tsuneoka Hiroshi

雑誌

東京慈恵会医科大学雑誌 = Tokyo Jikeikai Medical Journal (ISSN:03759172)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.123, no.2, pp.128, 2008-03-15

著者

竹本 洋 Hiroshi Takemoto

雑誌

経済学論究 (ISSN:02868032)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.3, pp.1-40, 2016-12-20

著者

Satoshi Ogawa Takeshi Yamashita Tsutomu Yamazaki Yoshifusa Aizawa Hirotsugu Atarashi Hiroshi Inoue Tohru Ohe Hiroshi Ohtsu Ken Okumura Takao Katoh Shiro Kamakura Koichiro Kumagai Yoshihisa Kurachi Itsuo Kodama Yukihiro Koretsune Tetsunori Saikawa Masayuki Sakurai Kaoru Sugi Toshifumi Tabuchi Haruaki Nakaya Toshio Nakayama Makoto Hirai Masahiko Fukatani Hideo Mitamura for the J-RHYTHM Investigators

出版者

The Japanese Circulation Society

雑誌

Circulation Journal (ISSN:13469843)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.2, pp.242-248, 2009 (Released:2009-01-23)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

85 161

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Background Although previous clinical trials demonstrated the non-inferiority of a rate control to rhythm control strategy for management of atrial fibrillation (AF), the optimal treatment strategy for paroxysmal AF (PAF) remains unclear. Methods and Results A randomized, multicenter comparison of rate control vs rhythm control in Japanese patients with PAF (the Japanese Rhythm Management Trial for Atrial Fibrillation (J-RHYTHM) study) was conducted. The primary endpoint was a composite of total mortality, symptomatic cerebral infarction, systemic embolism, major bleeding, hospitalization for heart failure, or physical/psychological disability requiring alteration of treatment strategy. In the study, 823 patients with PAF were followed for a mean period of 578 days. The primary endpoint occurred in 64 patients (15.3%) assigned to rhythm control and in 89 patients (22.0%) to rate control (P=0.0128). No significant differences between the treatment strategies were observed in the incidences of death, stroke, bleeding and heart failure. Meanwhile, significantly fewer patients requested changes of assigned treatment strategy in the rhythm control vs the rate control group, which was accompanied by improvement in AF-specific quality of life scores. Conclusion The J-RHYTHM study showed that rhythm control was associated with fewer primary endpoints than rate control. However, mortality and cardiovascular morbidity were not affected by the treatment strategy (umin-CTR No. C000000106). (Circ J 2009; 73: 242 - 248)